''Rattus'' is a genus of
muroid
The Muroidea are a large superfamily of rodents, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, lemmings, gerbils, and many other relatives. Although the Muroidea originated in Eurasia, they occupy a vast variety of habitats on every continent except A ...
rodent
Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are na ...
s, all typically called rats. However, the term
rat can also be applied to rodent species outside of this genus.
Species and description
The best-known ''Rattus''
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
are the
black rat
The black rat (''Rattus rattus''), also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus ''Rattus'', in the subfamily Murinae. It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is n ...
(''R. rattus'') and the
brown rat
The brown rat (''Rattus norvegicus''), also known as the common rat, street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat, Norwegian rat and Parisian rat, is a widespread species of common rat. One of the largest muroids, it is a brown o ...
(''R. norvegicus''). The group is generally known as the
Old World
The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe , after Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, which were previously thought of by the ...
rats or true rats and originated in
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...
. Rats are bigger than most Old World
mice
A mouse ( : mice) is a small rodent. Characteristically, mice are known to have a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail, and a high breeding rate. The best known mouse species is the common house mouse (''Mus musculus' ...
, which are their relatives, but seldom weigh over in the wild.
Taxonomy of ''Rattus''
The genus ''Rattus'' is a member of the giant subfamily
Murinae
The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families excep ...
. Several other murine genera are sometimes considered part of ''Rattus'': ''
Lenothrix
The gray tree rat (''Lenothrix canus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae and the only species in the monotypic genus ''Lenothrix''. It is found in forests in Indonesia and Malaysia. A common species, the IUCN has rated it as being ...
'', ''
Anonymomys
The Mindoro climbing rat or Mindoro rat (''Anonymomys mindorensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.Musser, Guy G. "Notes on systematics of Indo-Malayan murid rodents, and descriptions of new genera and species from Ceylon, Sulawes ...
'', ''
Sundamys
''Sundamys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae, found mostly in Indonesia and Malaysia.Camacho-Sanchez, M., Jennifer A. Leonard, Yuli Fitriana, Marie-Ka Tilak, and Pierre-Henri Fabre. 2017. "The generic status of Rattus annandalei (Bonh ...
'', ''
Kadarsanomys
Sody's tree rat (''Kadarsanomys sodyi'') is a rodent species in the family Muridae that has been recorded only in bamboo forest in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, ...
'', ''
Diplothrix
''Diplothrix'' is a genus of two species of rodents in the family Muridae. ''Diplothrix legata'' occurs in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. ''Diplothrix yangziensis
''Diplothrix'' is a genus of two species of rodents in the family Muridae. ''Dipl ...
'', ''
Margaretamys
''Margaretamys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia.
Up until 1973, it was known from only few examples of one species. Then Guy G. Musser collected more examples of this species during his ...
'', ''
Lenomys
''Lenomys'' is a genus of rodent endemic to Sulawesi. It contains the living trefoil-toothed giant rat ''(Lenomys meyeri)'' and the extinct ''Lenomys grovesi''.
References
Rodent genera
Mammal genera with one living species
Taxa named ...
'', ''
Komodomys
The Komodo rat or Nusa Tenggara Komodomys, (''Komodomys rintjanus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found only in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, in Rintja, Padar, Lomblen, and Pantar islands. Its natural habitat is subtropic ...
'', ''
Palawanomys
The Palawan soft-furred mountain rat (''Palawanomys furvus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus ''Palawanomys''.
It is found only in Palawan, Philippines, and has been recorded on Mount Mantalin ...
'', ''
Bunomys
''Bunomys'' is a genus of rodent from Sulawesi and Buton Island.
Currently, eight species are recognised in two species-groups.
Species
Genus ''Bunomys''
''chrysocomus''-group:
*Yellow-haired hill rat, ''Bunomys chrysocomus'' Hoffmann, 1887
*He ...
'', ''
Nesoromys
The Ceram rat (''Nesoromys ceramicus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
It is found only in Seram Island, Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the I ...
'', ''Stenomys'', ''
Taeromys
''Taeromys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae found exclusively in Sulawesi, Indonesia.
It contains the following species:
* Salokko rat (''Taeromys arcuatus'')
* Lovely-haired rat (''Taeromys callitrichus'')
* Celebes rat (''Taer ...
'', ''
Paruromys
The Sulawesi giant rat (''Paruromys dominator'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is monotypic in the genus ''Paruromys''. The species is endemic to Sulawesi in Indonesia, where it inhabits forests at elevations from sea level to ...
'', ''
Abditomys
The Luzon broad-toothed rat (''Abditomys latidens'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
It is endemic to central and northern Luzon in the Philippines. It is the only member of the genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic ra ...
'', ''
Tryphomys
The Luzon short-nosed rat (''Tryphomys adustus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus ''Tryphomys''.
It is found only in the Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officia ...
'', ''
Limnomys
''Limnomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Mindanao, Philippines. It contains the following species:
* Gray-bellied mountain rat (''Limnomys bryophilus'')
* Mindanao mountain rat
The Mindanao mountain rat or long-taile ...
'', ''
Tarsomys
''Tarsomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae found exclusively in Mindanao, Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bi ...
'', ''
Bullimus'', ''
Apomys
''Apomys'', commonly known as earthworm mice, is a genus of rodent endemic to the Philippines. Mice belonging to this genus are generally called Philippine forest mice and can be found on most islands of the Philippines except in Palawan, the Su ...
'', ''
Millardia
''Millardia'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae native to South Asia and Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although ...
'', ''
Srilankamys'', ''
Niviventer
''Niviventer'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Southeast Asia. It contains the following species:
* Anderson's white-bellied rat, ''Niviventer andersoni''
* Brahma white-bellied rat, ''Niviventer brahma''
* '' Niviventer ...
'', ''
Maxomys
''Maxomys'' is a genus of rodents, widespread in Southeast Asia. They are mid-sized rodents, similar to rats, that live on the ground of tropical rainforests. There they build nests, padded with fallen leaves from trees. They feed on roots, fall ...
'', ''
Leopoldamys
''Leopoldamys'' is a genus of rodents in the family Muridae endemic to Southeast Asia. It contains the following species:
* Sundaic mountain long-tailed giant rat (''Leopoldamys ciliatus'')
* '' Leopoldamys diwangkarai''
* Edwards's long-taile ...
'', ''
Berylmys'', ''
Mastomys
''Mastomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Africa. It contains eight species:
* Angolan multimammate mouse (''M. angolensis'')
* Awash multimammate mouse or Awash mastomys (''M. awashensis'')
* Southern multimammate mou ...
'', ''
Myomys
Verreaux's mouse or Verreaux's white-footed rat (''Myomyscus verreauxii'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only member of the genus ''Myomyscus''. Other species that had been previously assigned to ''Myomyscus'' are now co ...
'', ''
Praomys
''Praomys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa. It contains the following species:
* '' Praomys coetzeei''
* Dalton's mouse, ''Praomys daltoni''
* De Graaff's soft-furred mouse, ''Praomys degraaffi''
* Deroo ...
'', ''
Hylomyscus
''Hylomyscus'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae endemic to Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square&nbs ...
'', ''
Heimyscus
The African smoky mouse or smokey heimyscus (''Heimyscus fumosus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus ''Heimyscus''.
It is native to Central Africa, where it occurs in Cameroon, Central African Re ...
'', ''
Stochomys'', ''
Dephomys'' and ''
Aethomys
''Aethomys'' is a genus of rodent from Africa.CHIMIMBA, CHRISTIAN T., NICO J. DIPPENAAR, and TERENCE J. ROBINSON.Morphometric and morphological delineation of southern African species of Aethomys (Rodentia: Muridae)" Biological Journal of the Li ...
''.
The genus ''Rattus'' proper contains 64
extant species
Neontology is a part of biology that, in contrast to paleontology, deals with living (or, more generally, ''recent'') organisms. It is the study of extant taxa (singular: extant taxon): taxa (such as species, genera and families) with members st ...
. A subgeneric breakdown of the species has been proposed, but does not include all species.
Species
Phylogeny
The following phylogeny of selected ''Rattus'' species is from Pagès, et al. (2010).
References
{{Authority control
.
Rodent genera
Taxa named by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim
Extant Pleistocene first appearances