Ratne (; ; yi, ראטנא ''Ratno'') is an urban settlement (town) in

Volyn Oblast Volyn Oblast ( uk, Воли́нська о́бласть, translit=Volýnsʹka óblastʹ; also referred to as Volyn or Lodomeria) is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is Lutsk. Kovel is the westernmost town an ...

(province), located in the historic region of the

Volhynia Volhynia (also spelled Volynia) ( ; uk, Воли́нь, Volyn' pl, Wołyń, russian: Волы́нь, Volýnʹ, ), is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between south-eastern Poland, south-western Belarus, and western Ukraine. Th ...

. Population:

History

Ratne is mentioned in

old Ruthenian Ruthenian (Belarusian language, Belarusian: руская мова; Ukrainian language, Ukrainian: руська мова; Ruthenian: руска(ѧ) мова; also see #Nomenclature, other names) is an exonymic linguonym for a closely-related grou ...

documents at the end of 12th - beginning of 13th centuries. It served as a border town where Great Prince kept his garrison (''rat''). The town was devastated during the Mongol invasion. In the 13th century the town housed the Ratne monastery whose hegumen was

Peter of Moscow Peter, Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus (russian: Пётр; c. 1260 – 20 December 1326) was the Russian metropolitan who moved his see from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325. Later he was proclaimed a patron saint of Moscow. In spite of the move, th ...

. After the Galicia-Volhynia Wars, in 14th century the territory around Ratne was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland. Ratne was granted

Magdeburg city rights Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within c ...

by Polish King Władysław III in the 15th century. From 1366 until the

partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 12 ...

it was part of the Chełm Land. It was a

royal city Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a ...

of the

Crown of the Kingdom of Poland The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Latin: ''Corona Regni Poloniae''), known also as the Polish Crown, is the common name for the historic Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, includ ...

. From 1921 to 1939 it was part of the Volhynian Voivodeship of

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

. The city had a significant Jewish population before World War II. During the war, the Jewish community suffered many attacks. The biggest massacre was on August 25, 1942. Some 1,300 persons were taken to the quarry outside the town and there fire was opened on them. A few dozen artisans remained in the town but by March 1943 these had been gradually killed off. Of those who had fled some 30 families gathered in the forest. They succeeded in obtaining a few arms and they set up a sort of camp. During the next three months nearly all of them were slaughtered. A handful from Ratne and the surrounding villages joined various Soviet partisan units.

Gallery

Ratne Volynska-Church of Christmas of the mother of God-north-west view.jpg, Church of Nativity of the Virgin Ratne holocaust memorial.JPG, Ratne holocaust memorial Ratne Volynska-group of brotherly graves of soviet warriors-general view.jpg, Graves of World War II soldiers in Ratne

References

External links

Ratne
at the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia
Ratne, Volyn Oblast
in

The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR ''The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR'' ( uk, Історія міст і сіл Української РСР) is a Ukrainian encyclopedia, published in 26 volumes. It provides knowledge about the history of all populated places ...

Urban-type settlements in Kovel Raion Ruthenian Voivodeship Jewish Ukrainian history Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Holocaust locations in Ukraine {{Volyn-geo-stub