The Vienna U-Bahn (german: U-Bahn Wien), where ''U-Bahn'' is an abbreviation of the German term ''Untergrundbahn'' ( en, underground railway), is a
rapid transit
Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT), also known as heavy rail or metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. A rapid transit system that primarily or traditionally runs below the surface may be c ...
system serving
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
, Austria. With the September 2017 opening of the , five-station extension of the U1 line,
the five-line U-Bahn network consists of of route, serving 109 stations.
It is the backbone of one of the best performing public transport systems worldwide according to
UITP
The International Association of Public Transport (UITP, from the french: L’Union internationale des transports publics) is a non-profit advocacy organization for public transport authorities and operators, policy decision-makers, scientific in ...
(International Association of Public Transport) in June 2009.
[Hödl, J: ''Das Wiener U-Bahn-Netz'', Wiener Linien, 2009.] More than 1.3 million passengers rode the Vienna U-Bahn every day in 2009,
and 567.6 million passengers used the U-Bahn in 2011,
which declined to 428.8 million passengers in 2013.
The network is undergoing expansion and rolling stock renewal. Since 1969, 200 million euros have been invested annually in the extension of the Vienna U-Bahn.
The modern U-Bahn opened on 25 February 1978
(after test operations began on 8 May 1976), but two of the lines extended and later designated as U-Bahn (U4, U6) date back to the ''
Stadtbahn
' (; German for "city railway"; plural ') is a German word referring to various types of urban rail transport. One type of transport originated in the 19th century, firstly in Berlin and followed by Vienna, where rail routes were created that co ...
'' ("city railway") system, which opened in 1898. Parts of the U2 and U6 lines began as subway tunnels built to accommodate earlier tram lines. Only the U1 and U3 were built wholly as new subway lines.
Lines are designated by a number and the prefix "U" (for U-Bahn) and identified on station signage and related literature by a colour. There are five lines; U1, U2, U3, U4 and U6. Since the late 1960s there have been numerous suggestions of routings for a line U5, but all these projects had been shelved until the construction of a new U5 was announced in early 2014. Stations are often named after streets, public spaces or districts, and in some special cases after prominent buildings at or near the station, although the policy of the
Wiener Linien
Wiener Linien (Viennese Lines) is the company running most of the public transit network in the city of Vienna, Austria. It is part of the city corporation Wiener Stadtwerke Holding AG.
Governing structure and statistics
Until decentralisation ...
states that they prefer not to name stations after buildings.
Ticketing for the network is integrated under the (VOR) with all means of public transport in Vienna, including
tram
A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
s and
bus
A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a road vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van. It is most commonly used in public transport, but is also in use for cha ...
es. Local tickets are valid on
S-Bahn
The S-Bahn is the name of hybrid urban- suburban rail systems serving a metropolitan region in German-speaking countries. Some of the larger S-Bahn systems provide service similar to rapid transit systems, while smaller ones often resemble co ...
suburban rail services and other
train
In rail transport, a train (from Old French , from Latin , "to pull, to draw") is a series of connected vehicles that run along a railway track and Passenger train, transport people or Rail freight transport, freight. Trains are typically pul ...
services but those are operated by the state railway operator,
ÖBB
The Austrian Federal Railways (german: Österreichische Bundesbahnen, formally (lit. "Austrian Federal Railways Holding Stock Company") and formerly the or ''BBÖ''), now commonly known as ÖBB, is the national railway company ...
. Tickets are not valid on bus services operated by
Vienna Airport Lines and the
City Airport Train
The City Airport Train (CAT) is an express airport rail link train that connects Vienna International Airport and Vienna city center (Wien Mitte railway station) in 16 minutes without intermediate stops.
Basic facts
The City Air Terminal Betri ...
express train.
U-Bahn network
With the September 2017 opening of the , five-station extension of the U1 line,
the five-line U-Bahn network consists of of route, serving 109 stations.
Further extensions of the Vienna U-Bahn are scheduled to be completed in the upcoming decade, finally creating the missing line U5. Upon completion of the U5 and U2 projects, there will then be a network that is long with 116 stations.
Some plans have been proposed for the system beyond 2027, when the U2/5 project gets completed, although such plans are currently unfunded.
U-Bahn services run between 05:00 and around 01:00 at intervals between two and five minutes during the day and up to eight after 20:00. Since 4 September 2010, there has been a 24-hour service operating at a 15-minute interval in the nights between Fridays–Saturdays, Saturdays–Sundays, and in the nights prior to a public holiday. The 24-hour U-Bahn is supplemented in these nights by
Vienna NightLine bus services.
Stations
Map
History and projected expansions
Planning for an underground railway can be traced back to the 1840s. Since then, there have been numerous plans and concessions to build such a project, making Vienna the city with the most subway planning.
The concession request of the engineer Heinrich Sichrowsky dates from 1844 with the idea of an atmospheric railway based on the system of Medhurst and Clegg. The trains would have been advanced by means of air pumps stationarily stationary steam engines in a pneumatic manner. Sichrowskys route should lead from the Lobkowitzplatz below the Vienna Glacis on to the Wien River to Hütteldorf. Although such trains had been built in London and Paris, it found in Vienna no investors for its stock company, so this idea was rejected. The connecting railway project of Julius Pollak (1849) was also conceived as an atmospheric system.
Sichrowsky's request was the starting point for a series of plans that, however, were mostly not approved and could not be implemented. For example, in 1858 the city planner Ludwig Zettl proposed to make an overburden of the former moat instead of filling it, and then to set up a railroad tram in this enclosed ditch, which would bypass the city. This would have created a connection between the central station and the market halls, while at the same time the gas-lit tunnels were to serve as warehouses for food. By 1873, at least 25 planning for a municipal railway traffic came on, only the Verbindungsbahn, which already appeared in the much larger overall plan by
Carl Ritter von Ghega
Karl Ritter von Ghega or Karl von Ghega (10 January 1802 – 14 March 1860) was an Austrian Empire, Austrian nobleman and the designer of the Semmering Railway from Gloggnitz to Mürzzuschlag. During his time, he was the most prominent of Austria ...
in his project for Vienna's urban expansion of 1858, was later implemented as part of the mainline railway line. Incidentally, Ghega had already worked out a belt railway project along the line wall in 1845. The first planning for a subway in deep-seated tunnels by
Emil Winkler
Emil Winkler (18 April 1835, Falkenberg bei Torgau – 27 August 1888, Berlin) was a German civil engineer, professor with broad academic interest including engineering mechanics, railway engineering, bridge engineering. Emil Winkler was first to ...
dates back to 1873, in which it is also remarkable that the planning proposals were also based on the first systematic traffic census in Vienna.
Another wave of public transport projects were developed as the
ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop, bypass or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city, or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist i ...
was close to be finished. The conception of the British engineers James Bunton and
Joseph Fogerty
Joseph Fogerty, CE, FRIBA, was an Irish civil engineer, architect, and novelist active in mid-to-late-nineteenth-century Limerick, London, and Vienna.
Born in Limerick, he studied under his father, engineer John Fogerty in Limerick before ent ...
convinced, since their plans were approved in 1881, which included trains to be run in tunnels, in open incisions, and on elevated tracks.
In 1883, the project of an "electric secondary railway" of the company
Siemens & Halske
Siemens & Halske AG (or Siemens-Halske) was a German electrical engineering company that later became part of Siemens.
It was founded on 12 October 1847 as ''Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens & Halske'' by Werner von Siemens and Johann Geo ...
provided a small profile rail with three lines. The construction failed due to the concern of the city council, the inner city business life could be affected, especially since the project for the first time ever included a tunneling of the city center.
![Wien - Karlsplatz, Otto-Wagner-Pavillon (4)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Wien_-_Karlsplatz%2C_Otto-Wagner-Pavillon_%284%29.JPG)
The first system to be constructed was a four-line
Stadtbahn
' (; German for "city railway"; plural ') is a German word referring to various types of urban rail transport. One type of transport originated in the 19th century, firstly in Berlin and followed by Vienna, where rail routes were created that co ...
railway network (which had been planned to have three main and three local lines) using steam trains. Ground was broken in 1892, and the system was opened in stages between 11 May 1898 and 6 August 1901. At
Hütteldorf
Hütteldorf (; Central Bavarian: ''Hittldorf'') is a part of Vienna's 14th district, Penzing. It is located in the west of Vienna, in the geographical center of the district, stretching roughly from ''Deutschordenstraße'' (which forms the border ...
, the Stadtbahn connected to railway service to the west, and at
Heiligenstadt, to railway service on the Franz Josef Line, which then ran eastwards within the
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
to
Eger
Eger ( , ; ; also known by other alternative names) is the county seat of Heves County, and the second largest city in Northern Hungary (after Miskolc). A city with county rights. Eger is best known for its castle, thermal baths, baroque build ...
. Some of the ''
Jugendstil
''Jugendstil'' ("Youth Style") was an artistic movement, particularly in the decorative arts, that was influential primarily in Germany and elsewhere in Europe to a lesser extent from about 1895 until about 1910. It was the German counterpart of ...
'' stations for this system designed by
Otto Wagner
Otto Koloman Wagner (; 13 July 1841 – 11 April 1918) was an Austrian architect, furniture designer and urban planner. He was a leading member of the Vienna Secession movement of architecture, founded in 1897, and the broader Art Nouveau move ...
are still in use. However, the Stadtbahn proved inadequate for mass transport, less successful than the tramway. Starting in 1910, plans were considered for an underground system, but were interrupted by the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, which also necessitated closing the Stadtbahn to civilian use. After the war, the economic situation of a smaller and poorer country ruled out continuing with the plan. However, starting on 26 May 1924 the Stadtbahn was electrified, something that many had called for before the war, and from autumn 1925 it was integrated with the tramway rather than the railways. The frequency of trains tripled. Plans for a U-Bahn dating to 1912–14 were revived and discussions took place in 1929, but the
Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...
again necessitated abandoning planning.
Both in 1937 and after the ''
Anschluß
The (, or , ), also known as the (, en, Annexation of Austria), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into the German Reich on 13 March 1938.
The idea of an (a united Austria and Germany that would form a "Greater Germany") ...
'', when Vienna became the largest city by surface area in the
Third Reich
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
, ambitious plans for a U-Bahn, and a new central railway station, were discussed. Test tunnelling took place, but these plans, too, had to be shelved when the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
broke out.
Severe war damage caused the Stadtbahn system to be suspended in some areas until 27 May 1945. The redevelopment of stations took until the 1950s. Meanwhile, Vienna was occupied by the four allied powers until 1955, and in 1946 had returned three quarters of the pre-war expanded Greater Vienna to the state of
Lower Austria
Lower Austria (german: Niederösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: ''Niedaöstareich'', ''Niedaestareich'') is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt P ...
. Two proposals for U-Bahn systems were nonetheless presented, in 1953 and 1954. Increasing car traffic led to cutbacks in the S-Bahn network that were partially made up for by buses. The U-Bahn issue was also politicised: in the 1954 and 1959 city council elections, the conservative
Austrian People's Party
The Austrian People's Party (german: Österreichische Volkspartei , ÖVP ) is a Christian-democratic and liberal-conservative political party in Austria.
Since December 2021, the party has been led provisionally by Karl Nehammer. It is currentl ...
championed construction of a U-Bahn, but the more powerful
Social Democratic Party of Austria
The Social Democratic Party of Austria (german: Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs , SPÖ), founded and known as the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria (german: link=no, Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs, SDAPÖ) unti ...
campaigned for putting housing first. The city council repeatedly rejected the U-Bahn idea in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Extensions of the Stadtbahn system had always been discussed as an alternative to building a new U-Bahn. But it was not until the late 1960s, when the Stadtbahn and the Schnellbahn were no longer able to adequately serve the ever-increasing public traffic, that the decision to build a new network was taken. On 26 January 1968, the city council voted to begin construction of a 30 km basic network (''Grundnetz''). Construction began on 3 November 1969
on and under
Karlsplatz
Karlsplatz () is a town square on the border of the Innere Stadt, first and Wieden, fourth districts of Vienna. It is one of the most frequented and best connected transportation hubs in Vienna. The Karlskirche is located here.
The first distri ...
, where three lines of the basic network were to meet, and where central control of the U-Bahn was located. Test operation began on 8 May 1976 on line U4, and the first newly constructed (underground) stretch of line opened on 25 February 1978 (five stations on U1 between Reumannplatz and Karlsplatz).
The construction of the Vienna U-Bahn network can be divided into several stages:
Initial construction (1969–1982): Basic network (''Grundnetz'')
First, the basic network (''Grundnetz'') was chosen from the various network designs. During 1967, plans for the U2 were radically reduced and the U3 completely deleted, and the approved basic network was described as a 'closer basic network'.
This closer basic network, consisting of the U1, U2 and U4 lines, included:
* New route between Reumannplatz and Praterstern
* U2 between
Karlsplatz
Karlsplatz () is a town square on the border of the Innere Stadt, first and Wieden, fourth districts of Vienna. It is one of the most frequented and best connected transportation hubs in Vienna. The Karlskirche is located here.
The first distri ...
and
Schottenring
* U4 between
Hütteldorf
Hütteldorf (; Central Bavarian: ''Hittldorf'') is a part of Vienna's 14th district, Penzing. It is located in the west of Vienna, in the geographical center of the district, stretching roughly from ''Deutschordenstraße'' (which forms the border ...
and
Heiligenstadt, consisting almost entirely of modification and adaptation of the existing Stadtbahn line
Construction began on 3 November 1969. On 25 February 1978, the first Vienna U-Bahn route between
Karlsplatz
Karlsplatz () is a town square on the border of the Innere Stadt, first and Wieden, fourth districts of Vienna. It is one of the most frequented and best connected transportation hubs in Vienna. The Karlskirche is located here.
The first distri ...
and
Reumannplatz, the U1, went into operation. With twelve partial commissionings, the Vienna U-Bahn basic network was completed on 3 September 1982.
Missing U5
Placeholder line numbers were awarded during initial planning of the Vienna subway network between 1966 and 1973. The designation U5 was used in initial and later plans, but ultimately none of the segments with its numeration were approved for construction. In early expansion variant plans, the U5 would have run between Meidlinger Hauptstraße and St. Marx using the already partially-tunneled southern belt route. It later referred to the current branch of the line U2 from Schottenring to the stadium, which was planned to connect to a new segment to Hernals. , there is no U5 line; today's U2 line consists of parts of the previously planned U2 and U5, which are connected by an arc between the stations Rathaus and Schottentor (this was originally planned only as an operating track and is still the narrowest curve in the Vienna subway network). The designation U3 was for a long time a gap in the network, but there was already in the construction of the basic network preliminary work. Thus, the entire tunnel tube of the U3 between Naglergasse / Graben and Stubentor was completed during construction of the U1 (at Stephansplatz), in order to avoid further excavation work in the area of the cathedral.
Since 2003, several plans and internal working papers of Vienna have again been planning long-term plans for a U5 line, but only in early 2014 did they again make concrete efforts to actually realize the line. Finally, in March 2014, it was announced that the U5 line would be constructed in several stages of development as part of a U2 / U5 line cross.
Starting at Karlsplatz, the new line will use the existing U2 section, with a new section to be built from
Rathaus
In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...
station northwards. In the first expansion step, however, the line will be run until 2023, for the time being, only up to one stop on Frankhplatz in the area of the old AKH. The further construction in the 17th district is planned; However, the construction costs must first be negotiated with the federal government. (See: Fifth stage of the subway network).
The current U2 will then continue southwards in newly built tunnels: From Rathaus, it will connect with the U3 at
Neubaugasse and the U4 at
Pilgramgasse, continuing further south and connecting with the
S-Bahn network at Matzleinsdorfer Platz. The financial resources for the construction come from the previously planned, but abandoned, southern extension of the U2 towards Gudrunstraße. The already approved expenditures by the federal government have not expired and could therefore be spent on these revised expansion plans.
Proposed U7
In some designs also a line U7 was provided, which should connect the Floridsdorf and Donaustadt districts Floridsdorf station, Kagran and Aspern east of the Danube running. However, due to insufficient urbanization, this project was not found to be meaningful and was never planned, as it would be possible to transport almost the same number of people by means of a much cheaper tram line, which is the replacement of tram line 26 east of Wagramer Straße, from there to the Ziegelhofstraße six stops further on its own track body, by the Gewerbepark Stadlau to the subway station Hausfeldstraße on the northern edge of Aspern was also reached.
Second expansion phase (1982–2000): Lines U3 and U6
![U-Bahnnetz Wien 2000](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/U-Bahnnetz_Wien_2000.png)
The second phase involved the expansion of the U3 and U6 lines (about 61 km (37.9 mi)). The groundbreaking ceremony for this phase took place on 7 September 1983 on Pottendsdorfer Street at the Philadelphia Bridge and after six years, the central section of the U6 between Philadelphia Bridge and Heligenstadt/Friedensbrücke went into operation.
After completion of the basic network, the Vienna subway system was extended in 1989 to the line U6 with the route Heiligenstadt-Philadelphiabrücke (10.6 kilometers). For the belt line, the last remaining line of the light rail, had been modernized and converted to legal traffic. In order to preserve the valuable building fabric, the line was not rebuilt for operation with the underground railcars of the other lines; tram or metro-like trains with overhead power lines were used. Northern line endpoint was now only Heiligenstadt; the alternative northern terminus of the last light rail line, Friedensbrücke (U4), was not approached. 1995 followed the first extension of this line in the south: from Philadelphiabrücke (now station Meidling) to Siebenhirten including the elevated railway line of the former express tram line 64 over a length of 5.2 km. In 1996, the U6 was extended in the north to Floridsdorf and the previous terminus Heiligenstadt (U4) is no longer approached. The two remaining, abandoned links of the former light rail are like much of the U6 listed building and are now partly used as a bike path.
In 1991, the completely newly built line U3 between Erdberg and Volkstheater was opened, which crosses the first district after the U1 as a second line. The western terminus Ottakring was reached in 1998, the southeastern end of the U3 is since the year 2000 in the station Simmering. The total length of the network increased with these construction measures of the second stage to 61 kilometers.
Third expansion phase (2001–2010): The first extensions of U1 and U2
![U-Bahnnetz Wien 2010](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/U-Bahnnetz_Wien_2010.png)
In 1996, a new U-Bahn contract, known as the "30 billion package", was settled. For the first time in Europe, a U-Bahn project had to undergo a costly and lengthy environmental impact assessment, as the U2 extension showed a length of more than 10 km (6.2 mi).
This expansion phase involved:
U1 extension to Leopoldau
On 19 October 2001, the groundbreaking ceremony for the extension of U1 was held, for which the two districts had been waiting for 20 years.
After five years of construction, the 4.6 km (2.9 mi) long extension of the U1 was opened on 2 September 2006.
U2 extension from Schottenring to Stadium
On 12 June 2003, the groundbreaking ceremony took place outside the Stadion (stadium). Because of the 2008 European Football Championships in Austria, there was enormous pressure to complete the construction on time. The Wiener Linien met the deadline, and on 10 May 2008 the U2 extension to the stadium was opened.
U2 extension from Stadium to Aspern
On 2 October 2010, a further six stations were opened taking the U2 across the
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...
via
Donaustadtbrücke to
Aspernstraße in the twenty-second district (
Donaustadt
Donaustadt (; literally, Danube City; Central Bavarian: ''Donaustod'') is the 22nd district of Vienna, Austria (german: 22. Bezirk, Donaustadt).
Donaustadt is the eastern district of Vienna.Statistik Austria, 2007, webpage statistik.at-23450.
...
). An additional , three station extension of the U2 to Aspern
Seestadt was officially opened on 5 October 2013.
Fourth expansion phase (since 2010): Further extension of the Vienna U-Bahn
![U-Bahnnetz Wien 2023](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/U-Bahnnetz_Wien_2023.png)
Planning for a fourth U-Bahn expansion phase began in 2001 and concrete ideas were put forth in the 2003 Transport Master Plan.
In 2007, there are plans for the extensions in Vienna, this provided the necessary extensions:
*The extended U2 from Aspernstraße to Seestadt Aspern (then time horizon 2013)
*The extended U1 from Reumannplatz to Rothneusiedl (then time horizon 2015)
*The extended U2 from Karlsplatz to Gudrunstraße (then time horizon 2019)
2012 package
In March 2012, it was officially announced that the southern branch of U1 would instead be extended to
Oberlaa and not the originally planned Rothneusiedl. This was achieved by expanding the pre-existing route of tram line 67. The change to the original plans was thought to be due cost issues or the incomplete development of the area surrounding Rothneusiedl. This extension was ultimately opened to the public on 2 September 2017, thereby expanding the Vienna metro network by 4.6 kilometres and 5 stations. In the area of the station Alaudagasse preparations for a future line bifurcation were made, should the further development in Rothneusiedl warrant a branch line there.
2014 package
The originally planned southern extension of U2 to Gudrunstraße indefinitely delayed for financial reasons and since the need suggested is no longer there. With the budgeted funds, the so-called line cross U2 / U5 will be created instead. The line U2 coming from Seestadt and Schottentor will receive a new south branch, leading to the S-Bahn station Matzleinsdorfer Platz. The remaining route of the U2 between Karlsplatz and Universitätsstraße will be taken over by a newly created U5 line, which will be supplemented by the station Frankhplatz (Altes AKH) for the time being.
This line should also lead a fully automatic operation, as currently used at the
Nuremberg U-Bahn
The Nuremberg U-Bahn is a rapid transit system run by ''Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft Nürnberg'' (VAG; Nuremberg Transport Corporation), which itself is a member of the ''Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg'' (VGN; Greater Nuremberg Transport Netw ...
. The U5 line will be Vienna's first driverless U-Bahn line. Start of construction for the resulting crossroads is scheduled for 2018, 2024 (U5), and 2026 (U2) respectively.
Fifth expansion phase: Extension of U2 and U5
![U-Bahnnetz Wien 2030](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/U-Bahnnetz_Wien_2030.png)
It is planned to extend the U2 line from Matzleinsdorfer Platz to Wienerberg and to extend the U5 from Frankhplatz to Elterleinplatz. One further possibility is to build a second southern branch of the U1, which would terminate in Rothneusiedl.
Timeline
Rolling stock
The Vienna U-Bahn has three types of rolling stock, and has
permanent way
A railway track (British English and UIC terminology) or railroad track (American English), also known as permanent way or simply track, is the structure on a railway or railroad consisting of the rails, fasteners, railroad ties (sleepers, ...
equipment. The U1, U2, U3, and U4 have two types of rolling stock: the older U/U1/U2 type (introduced in 1972) and the newer
V type (introduced in 2002). The U6 has one class of train, the T/T1 type (introduced in 1993), the older E6/C6 having been retired in 2008 and now mostly operating in
Utrecht
Utrecht ( , , ) is the List of cities in the Netherlands by province, fourth-largest city and a List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality of the Netherlands, capital and most populous city of the Provinces of the Netherlands, pro ...
in the
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
and
Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
in
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
, with a single set being preserved at Vienna's tramway museum ("Remise").
File:U4 Stadtpark7.JPG, Type U at Stadtpark
File:Innenraum U-Bahn Wien Typ U.JPG, Interior of a Type U1 train
File:Sidc 366.jpg, Type V approaching Aderklaaer Straße
File:Innenraum U-Bahn Wien Typ V.JPG, Interior of a Type V train
File: Vienna U6 wiental.jpg, Type E6/C6 crossing a bridge over the Wienzeile The Wienzeile ('Vienna Row') is a street in Vienna, which originated in the course of the regulation of the Vienna River between 1899 and 1905 along the river's banks.
It is divided into the Rechte Wienzeile (Right Vienna Row) and the Linke Wienzei ...
File:Wien Underground U6.jpg, Type T at Tscherttegasse
File:U-Bahn Wien T1.JPG, Type T1 at Längenfeldgasse
File:Innenraum T1.JPG, Interior of a Type T1 train
U/U11/U2 class
![Typ U2 Ottakring](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Typ_U2_Ottakring.JPG)
The first cars of the type U, developed by Simmering-Graz-Pauker (SGP) were delivered in 1972. The smallest unit is a two-axle motorcars, 36.8 metres long and 2.8 metres wide, permanently coupled twin railcar. A train is made up of three double cars. By 2008, short-haul trains with two double-wagons were used during downtimes or on the U2 line. Technically, the cars are very similar to the Munich and Nuremberg subway trains. However, there are significant differences in the award-winning car design. By 1982, a total of 135 double railcars Type U were delivered, but are now retired.
From 1987 SGP supplied with the type U1 (later referred to as U11), a second generation, which looks like its predecessor outwardly. The technical equipment has been further developed and includes water-cooled three-phase motors, brakes with energy recovery and modernized emergency braking and safety equipment. In the years 2000 to 2010 trains of the later type series of the type U were rebuilt and equipped with new three-phase motors, which should extend their life for another 20 years. The converted trains are called Type U2. These vehicles operate on the lines U2 and U3.
The interior of a car consists of eight pairs of vis-à-vis seats in the middle section, nine seats on the driverless ends and two pairs of seats opposite each other in the opposite end of the car. In 2006, the U1 and U2 LED displays replaced the original in-and-out illuminated telltale displays. In addition, the trains will gradually be retrofitted with plastic seats, video surveillance and warning lights to signal the door closing operation. At Type U, no such conversions are made because the vehicles are successively scanned. An individual railcar has 49 seats and 91 standing places. In a train consisting of three double railcars, this is 294 seats and 546 standing places. The maximum speed is 80 km / h. The design of the "Silver Arrows" trimmings comes from the railway designer Johann Benda.
V-Cars: Newer Generation
In the late 1990s, a consortium of companies Siemens, ELIN and Adtranz developed a new train called Type V or "V-Car". It is a continuous, permanently coupled six-car train consisting of two non-motorized control cars and four motorized intermediate cars. This corresponds to the length of three double wagons of the Ux type family. After a prototype had been mostly used on the line U3 from December 2000, 25 sets were purchased in June 2002 and again 15 trains of this type in December 2007. Of these, the first sets were delivered from February 2005, which received their operating license in mid-August 2006 after several delays. At the end of September 2009, another 20 vehicles were ordered.
In contrast to the prototype, the production cars in the interior were adapted to the new standard and got gray instead of white sidewalls and red plastic seats instead of the originally installed fabric seats. The newer Type V lines also feature yellow instead of gray-red handrails, improved interior displays and warning lights to signal the door closing operation. A car consists of eight pairs of Vis-à-vis seats in the middle section and six seats each at the car transitions. At the beginning and end of the trains there are multipurpose compartments with four folding seats each and automatically extending ramps at each station to close the platform gap. They are the first Vienna subway cars to have air conditioning and are factory-equipped with video surveillance. In order to keep the station stays short and avoid blocking by passengers, the doors have only sensitive sensor edges as anti-trap instead of light barriers. An individually opened door therefore only closes again as part of a central closing operation. All entrances can also be opened centrally from the driver's seat.
The trains were equipped with extensive safety technology, such as fire detectors in the roof areas, temperature sensors and dry extinguishing pipes on the undercarriage. Smoke or temperature exceedances are immediately transmitted to the driver. The type V cars have 260 seats and 618 standing places. Their top speed is 80 km / h. The exterior design is the responsibility of Porsche Design.
A similar variant of this Type is also in service in Oslo, Norway as type
OS MX3000
MX3000 is an electric train used on Oslo Metro in Oslo, Norway. The multiple units are produced by Siemens Mobility, who started serial delivery in 2007. Seventy-eight three-car units were ordered by Sporveien, and five by Akershus County Munic ...
.
X-Cars
Siemens was contracted to deliver and maintain 34 6-car Type X trains in September 2017. The order includes an option for an additional eleven trains. The vehicles are suited for both fully automated operation and driver operation. They will be used on the future Line U5 in a driverless configuration, and will serve on Lines U1 to U4 with drivers. Delivery started in spring of 2020 with a pre-series vehicle, with the last trains in this order scheduled for delivery at the end of 2030.
Line U6
The Line U6 was originally slated for rapid transit conversation like Line U4. However taking into account historic preservation of original Vienna Stadtbahn stations and structures, construction costs and disruption of existing services, decided to keep Line U6 with much of its original operations. Today Line U6 is unique when compared to other U-Bahn lines with overhead lines, low floor LRVs and optical signals (no LZB).
T-Class
Since 1993 Bombardier Wien has been developing 2.65 meter wide, double-articulated low-floor vehicles of the type T, which are similarly deployed as Type 400 on the Lokalbahn Wien-Baden and serve as the basis for the successful vehicle family Flexity Swift are. A set consists of three permanently coupled cars, a train of four sets. By 2008, short-cut trains from three sets also operated during off-peak hours. The T-cars drove initially in conjunction with the older E6 / c6 cars, so that each train was a low-floor car, today only trains made entirely from T- and T1-cars. Seats: 232, standing room: 544.
A video-monitored, equipped with air conditioning, electronic interior and exterior displays and new design further development of the Type T comes since May 2008 as Type T1 used and replaced the old E6 / c6 high-floor suits. Since 24 December 2008 only vehicles type T and T1 on the U6.
The T and T1 cars can be coupled with each other so that trains from T and T1 cars can run mixed.
At the end of 2009, the T-cars began to be equipped with electronic indoor and outdoor displays and to improve the safety of passengers, personnel and against vandalism with a video surveillance of the interiors and thus visually align the T1. Also, the older cloth seats in the T-wagons are gradually being replaced by new, red plastic seats with yellow handles, which can also be found in the T1 car and in the Type V metro car. The vehicles of the Tx type family will also receive successive warning lights for signaling the door closing operation.
So that they can be transferred via the tram network to the main workshop of Wiener Linien, the T and T1 cars are equipped for tram operation.
Former Trains
From the light rail operation, the 2.3 meter wide, six-axle articulated wagons type E6 (railcar) and c6 (sidecar) "type Mannheim" were taken over, which were built in 1979 by Lohner and Rotax in Duewag license. An entire train offered 192 seats and 432 standing places. Until the end of 2008, the trains still operated in conjunction with T-cars, i.e. E6 + c6 + T + c6 + E6. In May 2008, the delivery of the type T1 began, which should completely replace the type E6 / c6. On 23 December 2008 E6 / c6 cars ran for the last time on the U6. Most of the vehicles were sold to Utrecht or Krakow. A train consisting of a railcar and a sidecar is obtained in the Museum of Remise. The E6 and c6 in Utrecht were sold to Krakow in 2014.
Art
![U2 Aspern Nord Kunst Wandbild E 06](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/U2_Aspern_Nord_Kunst_Wandbild_E_06.jpg)
In common with many urban transit systems, the Vienna U-Bahn has art works in stations. These include:
* Aspern Nord: ''Aspern Affairs'', two big artistic maps of Vienna at the end of the platform, one showing the situation in 1809 during the
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...
and one of 1912, where the airport in Aspern (at the time the biggest airport in Europe) can be seen. Also there are colored "lifelines" above the tracks that show the names of famous people, and the dates of their birth and death. The artworks were created by Stephan Huber.
* Erdberg: Mosaics ''Stadteinwärts'' and ''Stadtauswärts'' by Peter Atanasov
* Hütteldorfer Straße: ''U-BauAlphabet'' by Georg Salner
* Johnstraße: ''übertragung'' by Michael Schneider
* Karlsplatz: ''Pi'' by Ken Lum
* Karlsplatz: Spatial installation by Peter Kogler
* Karlsplatz: Frieze ''Unisono di colori'' by Ernst Friedrich und Eleonor Friedrich
* Landstraße: Enamel wall by Oswald Oberhuber
* Landstraße: Installation ''Planet der Pendler mit den drei Zeitmonden'' by Kurt Hofstetter
* Laurenzgasse: Mural by Heimo Zobernig
* Museumsquartier: ''Lauf der Geschöpfe'', ''Der Jubilierende'', ''Wächter'', ''Lebenskeim'' and ''Tor des Verborgenen'' by Rudi Wach
* Ottakring: ''U-Turn'' by Margot Pilz
* Ottakring: Graffiti wall by Wiener Graffiti Union
* Praterstern: ''Einen Traum träumen und ihn mit anderen teilen ...'' by Susanne Zemrosser
* Schottentor: varying installations in glass case
* Schweglerstraße: ''Kunst der Technik'' by
Nam June Paik
Nam June Paik (; July 20, 1932 – January 29, 2006) was a Korean American artist. He worked with a variety of media and is considered to be the founder of video art. He is credited with the first use (1974) of the term "electronic super hi ...
* Stadlau: ''Nepomuk'' by Werner Feiersinger
* Stubentor: ''Bewegungen der Seele'' by Michael Hedwig
* Südtiroler Platz – Hauptbahnhof: ''SUED'' by Franz Graf
* Taborstraße: ''ein Garten (zum Beispiel)'' by Ingeborg Strobl
* Volkstheater: ''Das Werden der Natur'' by Anton Lehmden
* Westbahnhof: ''Cirka 55 Schritte durch Europa'' by Adolf Frohner
* Zippererstraße: ''Kid's Kunst – Mobilität im kommenden Jahrtausend'' (children's art)
* Rochusgasse: Roman archaeological remains
See also
*
Transportation in Vienna
Vienna has an extensive transportation system that includes highways, railroads and public transportation. Public transportation
Vienna has a large public transportation network.
* Vienna S-Bahn
* Vienna U-Bahn
* Local Railways (Lokalbahn W ...
*
Vienna S-Bahn
The Vienna S-Bahn is a suburban commuter rail network in Vienna, Austria. As opposed to the city-run urban metro network, the Vienna U-Bahn, it extends beyond the borders of the city, is operated by the ÖBB (Austrian Federal Railways), and cons ...
*
Trams in Vienna
Trams in Vienna (german: Wiener Straßenbahn, in everyday speech also ''Bim'' or ''Tramway'') are a vital part of the public transport system in Vienna, capital city of Austria. In operation since 1865, with the completion of a 2 km route ...
*
List of metro systems
This list of metro systems includes electrified rapid transit train systems worldwide. In some parts of the world, metro systems are referred to as subways, U-Bahn or undergrounds. , 205 cities in 61 countries have a metro system.
The London ...
*
Wiener Lokalbahnen
The Wiener Lokalbahnen (WLB) is a transportation company in Greater Vienna, Austria. It is one of the two transportation subsidiaries of the city-owned Wiener Stadtwerke holding, the other one being Wiener Linien.
The WLB operate the Badner ...
References
Inline references
Books
;German
*Johann Hödl: ''Das Wiener U-Bahn Netz'', Wiener Linien, 2009
*Johann Walter Hinkel: ''U-Bahnen von 1863 bis 2010'', N.J. Schmid Verlagsgesellschaft, 2004
External links
*
Vienna Metro German/English
{{Authority control
Rapid transit in Austria
Rail transport in Vienna
750 V DC railway electrification
Transport in Vienna
1978 establishments in Austria
Railway lines opened in 1978