Rana dynasty ( ne, राणा वंश, IAST=Rāṇā vaṃśa , ) is a
Chhetri
Chhetri (Kshetri, Kshettri, Kshetry or Chhettri), ( ne, क्षेत्री ; IAST: ''Kṣetrī'') historically called Kshettriya or Kshetriya or Khas are Nepali speakers of Khas community, some of whom trace their origin to migration fr ...
dynasty that
imposed
totalitarianism
Totalitarianism is a form of government and a political system that prohibits all opposition parties, outlaws individual and group opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high if not complete degree of control and reg ...
in the
Kingdom of Nepal
The Kingdom of Nepal ( ne, नेपाल अधिराज्य), also known as the Gorkha Empire ( ne, गोरखा अधिराज्य) or Asal Hindustan ( ne, असल हिन्दुस्तान)(), was a Hindu kin ...
from 1846 until 1951, reducing the
Shah monarch to a figurehead and making
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...
and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. They claimed
Kshatriya
Kshatriya ( hi, क्षत्रिय) (from Sanskrit ''kṣatra'', "rule, authority") is one of the four varna (social orders) of Hindu society, associated with warrior aristocracy. The Sanskrit term ''kṣatriyaḥ'' is used in the co ...
status themselves. Rana dynasty is historically known for the ''
iron-fisted rule''. This changed after the
Revolution of 1951
The revolution of 1951 () in Nepal, also referred to as Sat Salko Kranti, was a political movement against the direct rule by the Rana dynasty of Nepal which had lasted for 104 years. It marks the beginning of the political awakening and democra ...
with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of
King Tribhuvan
Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah ( ne, श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह देव ) (30 June 1906 – 13 March 1955) was King of Nepal from 11 December 1911 until his ...
.
The Rana dynasty descended from the
Kunwar family
The Kunwar family ( ne, कुँवर परिवार) was a noble Khas-Chhetri family in the Gorkha Kingdom and the Kingdom of Nepal. Kunwars were linked to the Thapa dynasty and family of Amar Singh Thapa by marital lineages and, thus ...
, a nobility of the
Gorkha Kingdom
Gorkha Kingdom ( ne, गोरखा राज्य) was a member of the Chaubisi rajya, a confederation of 24 states on the Indian subcontinent ruled by Khas people. In 1743 CE, the kingdom began a campaign of military expansion, annexing s ...
. Due to the marital lineages with the politically reigning
Thapa dynasty
Thapa dynasty or Thapa noble family ( ne, थापा वंश/थापा काजी खलक ) was a Kshatriya political family that handled Nepali administration affairs between 1806 and 1837 A.D. and 1843 to 1845 A.D. as Muk ...
(of ''
Mukhtiyar
Mukhtiyar ( ne, मुख्तियार) was the position of head of executive of Kingdom of Nepal between 1806 and 1843. It was equivalent to Prime Minister of Nepal. There were 7 Mukhtiyars appointed between 1806 and 1843.
Meaning
''Mukhti ...
''
Bhimsen Thapa) from early 19th century, Ranas gained entry to central
Darbar politics.
Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the
Pande dynasty of Gorkha through the Thapa dynasty.
Origins
Chronicler Daniel Wright has published the genealogy of
Jang Bahadur Kunwar Rana
Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji, (born Bir Narsingh Kunwar ( ne, वीर नरसिंह कुँवर), 18 June 1817; popularly known as Jung Bahadur Rana (JBR, ne, जङ्गबहादुर राणा)) () belonging to the ...
. The genealogy begins with Tattā Rāṇā as
Raja
''Raja'' (; from , IAST ') is a royal title used for South Asian monarchs. The title is equivalent to king or princely ruler in South Asia and Southeast Asia.
The title has a long history in history of South Asia, South Asia and History of ...
(King) of
Chittaurgarh
Chittorgarh (also Chittor or Chittaurgarh) is a major city in Rajasthan state of western India. It lies on the Berach River, a tributary of the Banas, and is the administrative headquarters of Chittorgarh District. It was a major stronghold ...
. His nephew Fakht Siṃha Rāṇā had a son named Rāma Siṃha Rāṇā, who came to hills after the siege of Chittaur. He was employed by a hill Raja for ten or twelve months who wanted to retain Rāma Siṃha in his country. The hill Raja asked for the daughter of
Raja
''Raja'' (; from , IAST ') is a royal title used for South Asian monarchs. The title is equivalent to king or princely ruler in South Asia and Southeast Asia.
The title has a long history in history of South Asia, South Asia and History of ...
of Bīnātī, a Bagāle
Kṣetrī and married her to Rāma Siṃha. They had six sons over 10–12 years, one of whom was recognized by the title of ''
Kum̐vara Khaḍkā'' for bravery displayed in the battle against Raja of Satān Koṭ. The title was used by his descendants. Rāma Siṃha was suddenly met by his younger brother who requested him to return Chittaur for once and Rāma Siṃha died reaching there. The hill Raja made Rāma Siṃha's son Rāut Kunwar a nobleman (Sardār) and commandant of the army. Ahirāma Kunwar, a son of Rāut Kunwar, was invited by King of Kaski and was made nobleman with a birta or jagir of Dhuage Saghu village. King of Kaski asked the hand of Ahirāma's daughter, who was a great beauty through only Kalas Puja to which Ahirāma replied to give his daughter only through lawful marriage. King brought his troops and tried to take on the village by force. Ahirāma was supported by the villagers belonging to Parājulī Thāpā caste and a war was initiated. On the same day, Ahirāma took his immediate family including two sons namely;
Ram Krishna Kunwar
Ram Krishna Kunwar or Ramakrishna Kunwar ( ne, रामकृष्ण कुँवर; IAST: ''Rāmakr̥ṣṇa kum̐vara'') was military commander (Sardar) of Gorkha Kingdom during the Unification of Nepal at the reign of King Prithvi Naraya ...
and Jaya Krishna Kunwar, to King of Gorkha,
Prithvi Narayan Shah
Maharajadhiraj Prithvi Narayan Shah (1723–1775) ( ne, श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह देव) was the last ruler of the Gorkha Kingdom and first monarch of the ...
where lands of Kunwar-Khola was given to them as ''birta''.
John Whelpton opines that Kunwar origin legend which states that first of their ancestors to enter hill married a daughter of Bagale Kshetri might have directed their family links to
Bagale Thapa
Bagale Thapa ( ne, बगाले थापा pronunciation:) anciently known as Bagalya Thapa ( ne, बगाल्या थापा) is a prominent clan within Thapa of Khas community. They claim Atreya Gotra. The name of the clan is als ...
, the clan of Mukhtiyar
Bhimsen Thapa.
Rana dynasts; Prabhakar, Gautam and
Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana claim the descent of Ranas of Nepal from ''Kunwar'' Kumbhakaran Singh, younger brother of
Guhila King of
Mewar
Mewar or Mewad is a region in the south-central part of Rajasthan state of India. It includes the present-day districts of Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Rajsamand, Udaipur, Pirawa Tehsil of Jhalawar District of Rajasthan, Neemuch an ...
, Rawal
Ratnasimha. During the
first siege of Chittorgarh in 1303 A.D., Kumbhakaran Singh's descendants left
Mewar
Mewar or Mewad is a region in the south-central part of Rajasthan state of India. It includes the present-day districts of Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Rajsamand, Udaipur, Pirawa Tehsil of Jhalawar District of Rajasthan, Neemuch an ...
to north towards Himalayan foothills according to the book " Rana's Of Nepal" where the preface is written by
Arvind Singh Mewar. The Rana dynasty claimed to be Rajputs of western Indian origin, rather than the native Khas Kshatriyas despite they spoke
Khas language and attempted to disassociate from their
Khas past. Also, many historians are of the opinion that ruling families in Nepal often claim
Indian Rajput descent for the political purposes.
The Ranas claimed the
Vatsa gotra
In Hindu culture, the term gotra (Sanskrit: गोत्र) is considered to be equivalent to lineage. It broadly refers to people who are descendants in an unbroken male line from a common male ancestor or patriline. Generally, the gotra ...
.
Historical background
The founder of this dynasty was
Jang Bahadur Kunwar Rana
Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji, (born Bir Narsingh Kunwar ( ne, वीर नरसिंह कुँवर), 18 June 1817; popularly known as Jung Bahadur Rana (JBR, ne, जङ्गबहादुर राणा)) () belonging to the ...
, who belonged to the
Kunwar family
The Kunwar family ( ne, कुँवर परिवार) was a noble Khas-Chhetri family in the Gorkha Kingdom and the Kingdom of Nepal. Kunwars were linked to the Thapa dynasty and family of Amar Singh Thapa by marital lineages and, thus ...
, which was then considered a noble family of
Kshatriya
Kshatriya ( hi, क्षत्रिय) (from Sanskrit ''kṣatra'', "rule, authority") is one of the four varna (social orders) of Hindu society, associated with warrior aristocracy. The Sanskrit term ''kṣatriyaḥ'' is used in the co ...
status. Jang Bahadur was a son of Gorkhali governor
Bal Narsingh Kunwar and nephew of
Mathabarsingh Thapa, the reigning
Prime Minister of Nepal
The Prime Minister of Nepal ( ne, नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री) is the head of government of Nepal. The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers of Nepal and the chief adviser to the President of N ...
(1843–1845) from the
Thapa dynasty
Thapa dynasty or Thapa noble family ( ne, थापा वंश/थापा काजी खलक ) was a Kshatriya political family that handled Nepali administration affairs between 1806 and 1837 A.D. and 1843 to 1845 A.D. as Muk ...
. Bal Narsingh Kunwar was the son of Kaji
Ranajit Kunwar and grandson of ''
Sardar
Sardar, also spelled as Sardaar/Sirdar ( fa, سردار, , 'commander', literally 'headmaster'), is a title of royalty and nobility that was originally used to denote princes, noblemen, chiefs, kings and other aristocrats. It has also been u ...
''
Ram Krishna Kunwar
Ram Krishna Kunwar or Ramakrishna Kunwar ( ne, रामकृष्ण कुँवर; IAST: ''Rāmakr̥ṣṇa kum̐vara'') was military commander (Sardar) of Gorkha Kingdom during the Unification of Nepal at the reign of King Prithvi Naraya ...
, who was prominent military general of King
Prithvi Narayan Shah
Maharajadhiraj Prithvi Narayan Shah (1723–1775) ( ne, श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह देव) was the last ruler of the Gorkha Kingdom and first monarch of the ...
. Ram Krishna Kunwar was born to Ahiram Kunwar. There were ample of rewards and recognitions received by ''Sardar'' Ram Krishna Kunwar from the Gorkhali monarch Prithvi Narayan. His grandson Bal Narsingh was initially a follower of the renounced King
Rana Bahadur Shah and Kaji
Bhimsen Thapa, and followed the King in his exile to
Banaras on 1 May 1800. On the night of 25 April 1806, King Rana Bahadur was killed by step-brother Sher Bahadur in desperation after which Bal Narsingh immediately killed the King's assassin. He was a close ally of the influential minister Bhimsen Thapa, who initiated a great massacre at Bhandarkhal garden following the chaos from the King's murder. Following closeness to Mukhtiyar Bhimsen, he became the son-in-law of Bhimsen's brother ''Kaji ''
Nain Singh Thapa of
Thapa dynasty
Thapa dynasty or Thapa noble family ( ne, थापा वंश/थापा काजी खलक ) was a Kshatriya political family that handled Nepali administration affairs between 1806 and 1837 A.D. and 1843 to 1845 A.D. as Muk ...
.
The close relatives and supporters of Thapa faction replaced the old courtiers and administrators. The Kunwar family came to power being relatives of powerful Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa. Similarly, Kunwars were related to
Pande dynasty by their maternal grandmother Rana Kumari Pande who was daughter of ''
Mulkaji''
Ranajit Pande.
Rise of Jung Bahadur
Bal Narsingh's son ''Kaji''
Jung Bahadur Kunwar became a significant person in the central politics of Nepal during the prime ministership of his uncle
Mathabar Singh Thapa. On 17 May 1845 around 11 pm, Mathabar Singh was summoned to the royal palace and was assassinated in a cold blood by Jung Bahadur on the royal orders. He was considered to have been merciless, ruthless and fatal due to his association with Mathabar Singh. Jung Bahadur was made a
Kaji (equivalent to minister) after following the order of assassination of Mathabar. On the night of 14 September 1846, Queen
Rajya Lakshmi Devi summoned the courtiers on the mysterious murderer of her aide ''General Kaji''
Gagan Singh, to which courtiers hurried to the Kot quickly. Many of the courtiers were unarmed except for a sword, as they had responded immediately to the royal summons. The armies allocated by
Jung Bahadur Rana
Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji, (born Bir Narsingh Kunwar ( ne, वीर नरसिंह कुँवर), 18 June 1817; popularly known as Jung Bahadur Rana (JBR, ne, जङ्गबहादुर राणा)) () belonging to the ...
also had taken most of the arms of courtiers who had managed to bring them. Queen Rajya Lakshmi Devi and King
Rajendra Bikram Shah were also present in the Kot. Queen Rajya Lakshmi demanded the execution of Kaji Bir Keshar (Kishor) Pande on alleged suspicion to which General
Abhiman Singh Rana Magar looked towards King for confirmation. Jang misinformed Queen that Abhiman Singh's troops were arriving for overpowering the Queen's faction and demanded an immediate arrest. Abhiman tried to force his way out and was killed by Jung's soldier. In the chaos followed, Jung and his brothers began bloodshed and many rival nobles and courtiers were eliminated by them. The letter to British Resident
Henry Montgomery Lawrence stated that there were 32 Bharadars (courtiers) killed in the massacre.
Kot massacre episode
When Jang Bahadur refused the Junior Queen's request to place Prince Ranendra in the place of Crown Prince
Surendra of Nepal, the Queen secretly contacted the victims of Kot and conspired to assassinate Jung Bahadur in the royal Bhandarkhal garden. After receiving a command from the Queen to come to Bhandarkhal, Jang Bahadur took his fully armed troops and headed towards the garden. The troops killed the chief conspirator, Birdhwaj Basnyat on the way, and marched towards Bhandarkhal where seeing Jang Bahadur approach fully armed with his troops, the other conspirators started to flee. 23 people were killed in the massacre while 15 escaped. In the 23rd of September 1846, all officers of military and bureaucracy were called upon to their respective offices within 10 days. Then, Jung Bahadur appointed his brothers and nephews to the highest ranks of the government.
He consolidated the position of premiership after conducting
Kot massacre (Kot Parva) and Bhandarkhal Parva
on the basic templates provided by his maternal
grand-uncle ''Mukhtiyar''
Bhimsen Thapa.
Rana Regime; Rule of Jang
After the massacres of Kot and Bhandarkhal, the
Thapas,
Pandes,
Basnyats and other citizens had settled in
Banaras. Similarly, some citizens had gone to settle in
Nautanwa
Nautanwa is a town and Nagar Palika in Maharajganj district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is about 87 km from Gorakhpur, NH24 and 68km NH730 from Maharajganj and 7 km from Sonauli Indo-Nepal Border.
Geography
Nautanw ...
and
Bettiah. ''Chautariya'' Guru Prasad Shah too had gone to live with the King of Bettiah. After knowing about the presence of the King and the Queen in Benaras, Guru Prasad went there and started to congregate an army and a plan to execute Jung Bahadur started to be formed.
Battle of Alau
On 12 May 1847, Jung Bahadur gave a speech in
Tundikhel
Tudikhel or Tundikhel (Nepali: टुँडिखेल; Nepal Bhasa: 'Tinikhya', तिनिख्यः) is a large grass-covered ground in the center of Nepal's capital Kathmandu and one of its most important landmarks. The field is rectangul ...
. There he accused the King of the attempted assassination of the Prince and the Prime Minister. The Council then decided to dethrone King Rajendra deeming him mentally ill, and on the same day
Surendra was crowned as the new king of Nepal. Hearing the news of the coronation of Surendra, Rajendra decided to take the responsibility of removing Jung Bahadur upon himself and declaring himself as the leader of the army, he left Benaras. Rajendra then appointed Guru Prasad Shah as the Chief of the Army for the operation of removal of Jung Bahadur Rana from Nepal and started to accumulate weapons and training the troops. Antagonism from the
British-India Company forced Rajendra and his troops to enter Nepal. On 23 July, the troops reached a village called
Alau in Bara and set a camp there. One spy group of the Government of Nepal was keeping close eyes on the event of the rebel groups at
Bettiah. They sent the news to Jung Bahadur, immediately after which he sent a troop in the leadership of Sanak Singh Tandon to Alau. They were told to suppress the rebellions, arrest Rajendra and bring him to Kathmandu. On 27 July, the ''Gorakhnath Paltan'' (Gorakhnath Battalion) reached and rested in a village called
Simraungadh
Simraungadh, Simraongarh or Simroungarh (, Devanagari: सिम्रौनगढ) was a fortified city and the main capital of the Tirhut Kingdom founded by Karnat King Nanyadeva in 1097. At present time, it is a municipality of Nepal, located ...
, not too far from Alau. The battle of Alau was a decisive one between the forces of King Rajendra and Jang Bahadur. The King lost significantly in the battle. If the massacre of Kot had established Jung Bahadur as a dictator, the battle of Alau had helped him strengthen his dictatorship. Rajendra was imprisoned in an old palace in Bhaktapur.
Rise to royalty
On 15 May 1848, a Lal Mohar (Red sealed document) was issued claiming descent from
Ranas of Mewar and authorizing the Kunwar family of Jang Bahadur to style themselves as Kunwar Ranaji. On 6 August 1856, Jang Bahadur Kunwar (now Ranaji) was conferred the title of
Maharaja
Mahārāja (; also spelled Maharajah, Maharaj) is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", "great Monarch, king" or "high king".
A few ruled states informally called empires, including ruler raja Sri Gupta, founder of the ancient Indian Gupta Em ...
(Great King) of Kaski and Lamjung, two former hill principalities, by King of Nepal,
Surendra Bikram Shah.
Rana Regime; Rule of the Shamshers
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
In 1885, the Shumsher family, the nephews of
Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, murdered many of the sons of
Jung Bahadur and took over Nepal in a military
coup d'état
A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, ...
thus bringing in the rule of the Shumsher Rana family also known as the Satra Bhai (17 brothers) Rana family. They murdered
Ranodip Singh Kunwar
Ranaudip Singh Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji (alternatively spelled Rana Uddip, Renaudip or Ranoddip), KCSI (3 April 1825 – 22 November 1885), commonly known as Ranodip Singh Kunwar ( ne, रणोद्दिप सिंह कुँवर) was th ...
and occupied the hereditary throne of Prime Minister. After this they added
Jang Bahadur to their name, although they were descended from Jang's younger brother Dhir Shumsher.
Kunwar family tree
Rana Prime Ministers
Nine Rana rulers took the hereditary office(s) of Prime Minister, Supreme Commander-in-Chief and Grand Master of the Royal Orders. All were crowned as the Maharaja of
Lamjung and
Kaski.
*
Ranajit Kunwar Rana (1723–1815)
**
Bal Narsingh Kunwar Rana (1783–1841)
***
I. Shrī Tīn
Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana GCB,
GCSI
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:
# Knight Grand Commander ( GCSI)
# Knight Commander ( KCSI)
# Companion ( CSI)
No appointment ...
(18 June 1816 – 25 February 1877). Prime Minister and C-in-C 15 September 1846 to 1 August 1856 and from 28 June 1857 until his death. Granted the hereditary title of ''Rana'' on 5 May 1848, as a suffix to the male members of his family. Granted the hereditary title of ''Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski'' (to be enjoyed ‘offspring to offspring’, and the hereditary offices of Prime Minister and C-in-C (to be enjoyed in succession by his surviving brothers, his sons, then his nephews), 6 August 1856. Received a
salute
A salute is usually a formal hand gesture or other action used to display respect in military situations. Salutes are primarily associated with the military and law enforcement, but many civilian organizations, such as Girl Guides, Boy Sco ...
of 19 guns from the
British.
***
Bam Bahadur Kunwar Rana (1818 – 25 May 1857; Prime Minister: 1 August 1856 – 25 May 1857)
***
II. Shrī Tīn
Ranodip Singh Kunwar
Ranaudip Singh Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji (alternatively spelled Rana Uddip, Renaudip or Ranoddip), KCSI (3 April 1825 – 22 November 1885), commonly known as Ranodip Singh Kunwar ( ne, रणोद्दिप सिंह कुँवर) was th ...
(aka Ranodip Singh Rana)
KCSI (3 April 1825 – assassinated 22 November 1885). Ruled 25 February 1877 to 22 November 1885.
*** General Sri
Dhir Shumsher Kunwar Rana (1828–1884)
****
III. Shrī Tīn
Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
Commanding General Shree 3 Maharaja Sir Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (10 December 1852 – 5 March 1901) was the 11th Prime Minister of Nepal. He is remembered as a statesman who made reforms and infrastructure improvements. Bir Shamsher Jung ...
GCSI
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:
# Knight Grand Commander ( GCSI)
# Knight Commander ( KCSI)
# Companion ( CSI)
No appointment ...
(10 December 1852 – 5 March 1901). Ruled 22 November 1885 to 5 March 1901.
****
IV. Shrī Tīn
Dev Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (17 July 1862 – 20 February 1914). Ruled 5 March to 27 June 1901, when as a result of his progressive nature, he was deposed by his relatives and
exiled to India.
****
V. Shrī Tīn
Chandra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
Field-Marshal Maharaja Sri Teen Chandra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (8 July 1863 – 26 November 1929) was the Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty. He served in this capacity from 27 June 1901 to his death in 1929, after he successfully ...
GCB,
GCSI
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:
# Knight Grand Commander ( GCSI)
# Knight Commander ( KCSI)
# Companion ( CSI)
No appointment ...
,
GCMG
The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George IV, Prince of Wales, while he was acting as prince regent for his father, King George III.
It is named in honour ...
,
GCVO
The Royal Victorian Order (french: Ordre royal de Victoria) is a dynastic order of knighthood established in 1896 by Queen Victoria. It recognises distinguished personal service to the British monarch, Canadian monarch, Australian monarch, ...
(8 July 1863 – 26 November 1929). Ruled 27 June 1901 to 26 November 1929.
*****
IX. Shrī Tīn
Mohan Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana GCB,
GCIE
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:
#Knight Grand Commander ( GCIE)
#Knight Commander ( KCIE)
#Companion ( CIE)
No appo ...
,
GBE (23 December 1885 – 6 January 1967). Ruled 30 April 1948 to 18 February 1951, at which date he was divested of his titles and later went to
India
India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...
.
****
VI. Shrī Tīn
Bhim Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana GCSI
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:
# Knight Grand Commander ( GCSI)
# Knight Commander ( KCSI)
# Companion ( CSI)
No appointment ...
,
GCMG
The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George IV, Prince of Wales, while he was acting as prince regent for his father, King George III.
It is named in honour ...
,
KCVO (16 April 1865 – 1 September 1932). Ruled 26 November 1929 to 1 September 1932.
*****
VIII. Shrī Tīn
Padma Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana GCSI
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:
# Knight Grand Commander ( GCSI)
# Knight Commander ( KCSI)
# Companion ( CSI)
No appointment ...
,
GCIE
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:
#Knight Grand Commander ( GCIE)
#Knight Commander ( KCIE)
#Companion ( CIE)
No appo ...
,
GBE, (5 December 1882 – 11 April 1961). Ruled 29 November 1945 to 30 April 1948, whereupon he
abdicated in favor of his cousin.
****
VII. Shrī Tīn
Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana GCB,
GCSI
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:
# Knight Grand Commander ( GCSI)
# Knight Commander ( KCSI)
# Companion ( CSI)
No appointment ...
,
GCIE
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:
#Knight Grand Commander ( GCIE)
#Knight Commander ( KCIE)
#Companion ( CIE)
No appo ...
(19 April 1875 – 20 November 1952). Ruled 1 September 1932 to 29 November 1945, whereupon he
abdicated in favour of his nephew.
Succession
Succession to the role of the Prime Ministers and the title of ''Shree Teen Maharaja of Nepal and Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski'' was by
agnatic seniority
Agnatic seniority is a patrilineal principle of inheritance where the order of succession to the throne prefers the monarch's younger brother over the monarch's own sons. A monarch's children (the next generation) succeed only after the males o ...
, by which the oldest male heir among the sons of equal (a-class) marriages in a generation would succeed. The order of succession was determined by seniority, with each eligible male heir holding a military command, as follows:
# Prime Minister and Commander-in-Chief (Mukhtiyar the Heir Apparent, with the rank of Field Marshal).
# Western Commanding-General.
# Eastern Commanding-General.
# Southern Commanding-General.
# Northern Commanding-General.
Notable Rana members
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Jang Bahadur Kunwar Rana
Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji, (born Bir Narsingh Kunwar ( ne, वीर नरसिंह कुँवर), 18 June 1817; popularly known as Jung Bahadur Rana (JBR, ne, जङ्गबहादुर राणा)) () belonging to the ...
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Bam Bahadur Kunwar
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Ranodip Singh Kunwar
Ranaudip Singh Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji (alternatively spelled Rana Uddip, Renaudip or Ranoddip), KCSI (3 April 1825 – 22 November 1885), commonly known as Ranodip Singh Kunwar ( ne, रणोद्दिप सिंह कुँवर) was th ...
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Bir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Commanding General Shree 3 Maharaja Sir Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (10 December 1852 – 5 March 1901) was the 11th Prime Minister of Nepal. He is remembered as a statesman who made reforms and infrastructure improvements. Bir Shamsher Jung ...
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Dev Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
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Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
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Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
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Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
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Rudra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana Rudra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana was an erstwhile field-marshal and the Western Commander-in-Chief of Nepal. He was in line to be the Prime Minister of Nepal, when he was exiled to the Palpa District
Palpa District ( ne, पाल्पा ज ...
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Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Field Marshal His Highness Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Padma Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana ( ne, पद्म शम्शेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा) (5 December 1882 – Calcutta, India, 11 April 1961) was the here ...
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Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Field-Marshal Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Mohan Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana ( ne, मोहन शम्शेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा), GCB, GCIE, GBE (23 December 1885 – 6 January 1967) was the prime minister ...
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Baber Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Sir Baber Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, GCVO, GBE, KCSI, KCIE (27 January 1888 – 12 May 1960) was a member of the Rana dynasty who served as the Minister of Defence of Nepal in 1951. A prominent member of the Rana oligarchy, he fought valian ...
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Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
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Kiran Shamsher Rana
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Nir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
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Toran Shumsher J.B.R.
Toran Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana was the first police chief of Nepal Police after its establishment in the year 2007 B.S. (1951 A.D.) However, he only remained chief for a short duration of three days. He was succeeded by Nara Shumsher J.B.R. as ...
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Nara Shumsher J.B.R.
Nara Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, , was the second police chief of Nepal Police after its establishment in the year 2007 B.S. (1951 C.E.). He remained chief for a tenure of two years before being succeeded by Gyan Bahadur Yakthumba as the police ...
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Ratna Shumsher J.B.R.
Ratna Shumsher J.B.R. was the Inspector General of Police of Nepal Police from 1990 to 1993. He had also been the first Additional Inspector General of Nepal Police (AIGP). He was preceded by Hem Bahadur Singh was succeeded by Moti Lal Bohora
M ...
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Pradip Shumsher J.B.R.
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Satchit Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana
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Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
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Madhukar Shamsher Rana
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Om Bikram Rana
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Gaurav Shumsher JB Rana
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,
Other notable connected members
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Ranajit Pande, maternal grandfather of Ganesh Kumari, mother of
Jung Bahadur Rana
Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji, (born Bir Narsingh Kunwar ( ne, वीर नरसिंह कुँवर), 18 June 1817; popularly known as Jung Bahadur Rana (JBR, ne, जङ्गबहादुर राणा)) () belonging to the ...
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George Jivaji Rao Scindia, father-in-law of
Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana.
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Prithvi Bahadur Pande
Prithvi Bahadur Pandé ( ne, पृथ्वीबहादुर पाँडे) is the chairman of Nepal Investment Bank Limited (NIBL). He is one of the most renowned bankers of Nepal, a pioneer in the commercial banking sector, who took over ...
, son-in-law of Himalaya Shamsher JBR
Gallery
File:Rana couple.jpg, Major-General Vishnu Shamsher Rana and wife
File:Rana family 1915.jpg, Commanding General Babar Shumsher Rana and family
File:Dhir Shamsher Rana and sons bw.jpg, Dhir Shamsher Rana and sons make up Shamsher Rana dynasty
File:Chandra Shamsher and sons.jpg, Chandra Shamsher and sons
See also
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Daudaha system
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Pajani System
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rajputs of Nepal
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Rolls of Succession in Rana (Nepal)
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History of Nepal
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Rana palaces of Nepal
The Rana palaces of Nepal were built by the Rana dynasty rulers of Nepal as both private and government buildings. The Rana rule lasted for 104 years, and during that time a number of grand royal residences were built, especially by the Prime ...
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Thapa dynasty
Thapa dynasty or Thapa noble family ( ne, थापा वंश/थापा काजी खलक ) was a Kshatriya political family that handled Nepali administration affairs between 1806 and 1837 A.D. and 1843 to 1845 A.D. as Muk ...
References
Footnotes
Notes
Bibliography
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External links
* Friend in need:1857, Friendship forgotten:1887 William Digby
Old pictures of Nepal from Rana Dynasty
{{Chhetri communities
Nepalese monarchy
Rana regime
Rajput rulers
Dynasties of Nepal
19th-century establishments in Nepal
1951 disestablishments in Nepal