Rainbow Coalition may refer different or related political concepts or movements in various parts of the world. In countries with parliamentary systems, it can refer to any

coalition government A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government. The usual reason for such an arrangement is that no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election, an atypical outcome in ...

composed of a coalition of several ideologically unrelated political parties united by opposition to one or more dominant parties. In the US, the "rainbow" concept has mainly referred to a diversity ethnicities and other demographic categories within a political organization or movement.

North America

United States

In the United States, the first rainbow coalition sought to bring together disadvantaged people from a broad spectrum of races and creeds, and voter mobilization was a primary goal in that effort. * 1969: Fred Hampton's Rainbow Coalition was a multiracial, working class alliance formed in Chicago. It was composed of various US political organizations including primarily African Americans and former Latino Gangs-

Jose Cha Cha Jimenez José Cha Cha Jiménez (born August 8, 1948) is a political activist and the founder of the Young Lords Organization, a Chicago-based street gang that became a civil and human rights organization. Started in September 23, 1968, it was most act ...

and the Young Lords. * 1984: Jesse Jackson's Rainbow/PUSH Coalition called for Arab Americans, Native Americans,

Asian American Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry (including naturalized Americans who are immigrants from specific regions in Asia and descendants of such immigrants). Although this term had historically been used for all the indigenous people ...

s, youth, disabled veterans, small

farmers A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock. A farmer mi ...

lesbian A lesbian is a Homosexuality, homosexual woman.Zimmerman, p. 453. The word is also used for women in relation to their sexual identity or sexual behavior, regardless of sexual orientation, or as an adjective to characterize or associate n ...

s and gays to join with African Americans and

Jewish American American Jews or Jewish Americans are American citizens who are Jewish, whether by religion, ethnicity, culture, or nationality. Today the Jewish community in the United States consists primarily of Ashkenazi Jews, who descend from diaspora Je ...

s for political purpose around his presidential candidacy. * 1996: The

Green-Rainbow Party The Green-Rainbow Party (GRP) is the Massachusetts affiliate of the Green Party of the United States and a political designation in Massachusetts officially recognized by the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Up until 2020, it was a ...

is an affiliate of the Green Party of the United States in Massachusetts.

Canada

* The informal name of a group of independent MPs in May/June 1990 before they started calling themselves

Bloc Québécois The Bloc Québécois (BQ; , "Québécois people, Quebecer Voting bloc, Bloc") is a list of federal political parties in Canada, federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty movement, Que ...

Africa

National Rainbow Coalition The National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) is a political party in Kenya. As an alliance, it was in power from 2002 and 2005 when it collapsed due to disagreements between members over a constitutional referendum. Formation In preparation of the 2002 ...

, a former Kenyan political alliance

Europe

* The

24th government of Ireland The 24th Government of Ireland (15 December 1994 – 26 June 1997) was the government formed after the Labour Party had left its previous coalition with Fianna Fáil two years into the 27th Dáil. It was a coalition of Fine Gael, with leader J ...

, formed by Fine Gael, Labour and Democratic Left parties * Lipponen I Cabinet and Lipponen II Cabinet (1995–2003) in Finland, with parties from all parts of the left-right spectrum, were the original "rainbow coalitions" (''sateenkaarihallitus''). Katainen Cabinet and its successor Stubb Cabinet were also characterized as rainbow coalitions. * A group of political parties in Belgium, formed in 1999 under the premiership of Guy Verhofstadt (see Belgium#Politics) * Rainbow (Netherlands), an alliance of Dutch left-wing political parties from 1989 to 1990. *

The Left - The Rainbow ''The'' () is a grammatical Article (grammar), article in English language, English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite ...

, an alliance of Italian left-wing political parties from 2007 to 2008.

Middle East