Kingston railway station, closed since 1992, as seen in 2007
The Railways of Jamaica, constructed from 1845, were the second
British Colony after Canada's
Champlain and St Lawrence Railroad of 1836 to receive a railway system.
[Jamaica Railway Stations](_blank)
Jamaica National Heritage Trust Construction started only twenty years after the
Stockton & Darlington Railway
The Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&DR) was a railway company that operated in north-east England from 1825 to 1863. The world's first public railway to use steam locomotives, its first line connected coal mining, collieries near Shildo ...
commenced operations in the United Kingdom.
The public passenger railway service in
Jamaica
Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...
, which was closed in October 1992,
had a
brief revival in 2011 only to be closed once again in August 2012.
The
Parliament of Jamaica
The Parliament of Jamaica is the legislative branch of the government of Jamaica. It consists of three elements: The Crown (represented by the Governor-General), the appointed Senate and the directly elected House of Representatives.
The S ...
debate leading towards a revival under a public joint venture corporation proposed with an offshore partner. Private freight transport continues on limited tracks leading to the various
docks around the island, transporting
bauxite
Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) and diaspore (α-AlO ...
and
sugar cane
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, perennial grass (in the genus '' Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalk ...
for export.
History
1845 to World War II
![Opening of the Jamaica Railway - Kingston Terminus](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Opening_of_the_Jamaica_Railway_-_Kingston_Terminus.jpg)
The first railway, the Western Jamaica Connecting Railway, was built in 1845 from Kingston to Angels near
Spanish Town.
The railway was proposed and started by William Smith, originally from
Manchester
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...
who owned land in Jamaica, and his sugar planter brother David.
The system approved by the Assembly of Jamaica in 1843 was for a double track between Kingston and Spanish Town, with branch lines to Angels,
Port Henderson
Port Henderson ( gd, Portaigil) is a fishing village on the south west shore of the Gair Loch near the village of Gairloch, Ross-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland
Highlands or uplands are areas of hi ...
and the
Caymanas sugar estate.
On 21 November 1845 the Governor of Jamaica
James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin
James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin and 12th Earl of Kincardine, (20 July 181120 November 1863) was a British colonial administrator and diplomat. He served as Governor of Jamaica (1842–1846), Governor General of the Province of Canada (1847–1 ...
and ten carriages of passengers, pulled by the companies two locomotives ''Projector'' and ''Patriot'' built by
Sharp Brothers of
Manchester
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...
, travelled from Kingston to
Spanish Town.
[The Jamaica Railway 1845-1945 '']The Railway Magazine
''The Railway Magazine'' is a monthly British railway magazine, aimed at the railway enthusiast market, that has been published in London since July 1897. it was, for three years running, the railway magazine with the largest circulation in ...
'' issue 560 November 1945 pages 313-317 The first train came after the British Government had enacted the
Sugar Duties Act 1846 and just after the emancipation of slaves, meaning the sugar industry needed the efficiency that the railway would bring to the island.
The construction of the first single-track section was budgeted to cost
£150,000, but cost £222,250, or £15,377 per kilometre (£24,747 per mile). As a result of the cost of building and a downturn in the sugar industry, only another were added until 1869 in the form of an extension from Spanish Town to
Old Harbour at a cost of £60,000.
[
]
Spanish Town to Ewarton railway
After a period of decline, the new Governor Sir Anthony Musgrave agreed a deal in 1879 to buy the existing of the system for £93,932.[1866 to 1913 Crown Colony Government](_blank)
discoverjamaica.com After an investment and improvement programme, the expansion of the citrus and banana industries led to two extensions, extending the total system to : westward from Old Harbour to Porus
Porus or Poros ( grc, Πῶρος ; 326–321 BC) was an ancient Indian king whose territory spanned the region between the Jhelum River (Hydaspes) and Chenab River (Acesines), in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. He is only ment ...
();[ northwards from Angel to the interior district of ]Ewarton
Ewarton is a town in the parish of Saint Catherine, Jamaica.
History
The name is most likely a compound of the surname "Ewart" and the suffix -ton, meaning town.
The town's economy prospered particularly from 1957 when ALCAN established a baux ...
().[ Both were completed in 1885 at a total cost of approximately £280,000][
]
Bog Walk to Port Antonio
After debates about extensions, on 1 January 1890 the railway was transferred to an American consortium headed by New York merchant Frederick Wesson Frederick may refer to:
People
* Frederick (given name), the name
Nobility
Anhalt-Harzgerode
*Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (1613–1670)
Austria
* Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg), Duke of Austria from 1195 to 1198
* Frederi ...
, and extensions from Porus to Montego Bay in 1895, and an extension through the banana, cacao, citrus and coconut districts of St Catherine, St Mary and Portland was developed over from Bog Walk
Bog Walk is a town in the parish of Saint Catherine, Jamaica
Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and ...
to Port Antonio
Port Antonio is the capital of the parish of Portland on the northeastern coast of Jamaica, about from Kingston. It had a population of 12,285 in 1982 and 13,246 in 1991. It is the island's third largest port, famous as a shipping point for b ...
in 1896.
The Jamaican system now had a total of of railway lines stretching from the south-eastern to the north-western and north-eastern ends of the island.
Jamaica Railway Corporation
The loans taken out to secure railway ownership by the company, together with its purchase of of prime Crown land in various parts of Jamaica, proved too strenuous. After defaulting in 1897 and 1898, by order of the Jamaican Supreme Court the company fell into receivership. In 1900 the government assumed responsibility for the railway again, and made it a department of government. It appointed a Railway Advisory Board in 1902 to advise, which remained in place until 1960 when the statutory 100% government owned J$6million company the Jamaica Railway Corporation was created.
Between 1900 and 1950, less than of track was added, mainly to support opening of the interior to banana cultivation:
*1911 - May Pen to Frankfield railway: branch off the Montego Bay line, from May Pen to Chapelton, completed in 1913 and extended in 1925 by to Frankfield
Frankfield is a town in the parish of Clarendon in central Jamaica. It is located near the top of Jamaica's central ridge of mountains overlooking the south coast. The Rio Minho river runs through the town in a shallow gorge.UK Directorate of ...
.
*1921 - Linstead to New Works railway: from Linstead
Linstead is a town in the parish of St. Catherine Parish, St. Catherine, Jamaica in the West Indies. In 1991 its population was 14,144. It is located 12 mi/19 km NNW of Spanish Town.
Description
Close to Ewarton and WINDALCO, Windalc ...
to New Works, opened on the Bog Walk to Ewarton extension.
*1942 - in support of military needs for World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
, a branch line from Logan's Junction near May Pen, to the US military base at Fort Simmonds
A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...
in Vernamfield
Vernam Field (locally spelled Vernamfield) is a former World War II United States Army Air Forces airfield located in Clarendon Parish, Jamaica, Clarendon Parish, west-southwest of Kingston, Jamaica. The airfield was renamed Vernam Air Force Base ...
. The British government purchased four USATC S161 Class to provide transport for the military base.[Tr201/Tr203](_blank)
locomotives.com.pl After the line closed in 1956, these were subsumed by JRC.
Bauxite lines
In the 1940s deposits of bauxite were discovered in the interior, and companies developed both interconnected as well as independent lines to extract, process and ship the minerals:
*Alcan
Alcan was a Canadian mining company and aluminum manufacturer. It was founded in 1902 as the Northern Aluminum Company, renamed Aluminum Company of Canada in 1925, and Alcan Aluminum in 1966. It took the name Alcan Incorporated in 2001. During t ...
- used the JRC lines from Bodles to ship its product to Port Esquivel, completing of lines in 1951
* Alcoa - built an railway in 1962 to connect its Woodside mines with the port at Rocky Point Port. It was leased to the JRC; Alcoa provided locomotives, rolling stock and its staff operated and maintained the line under JRC management
*Kaiser Bauxite Company
''Kaiser'' is the German word for "emperor" (female Kaiserin). In general, the German title in principle applies to rulers anywhere in the world above the rank of king (''König''). In English, the (untranslated) word ''Kaiser'' is mainly ap ...
- built of independent track and of sidings running from mines in upper Saint Ann Parish
Saint Ann is the largest parish in Jamaica. It is situated on the north coast of the island, in the county of Middlesex, roughly halfway between the eastern and western ends of the island. It is often called "the Garden Parish of Jamaica" on ac ...
to Discovery Bay
Discovery Bay (DB) is a resort town on Lantau Island, Hong Kong. It consists of mixed, primarily residential, development, in particular upmarket residential development and private and public recreational facilities, including garden houses, ...
. The company tended to run Baldwin locomotives, and purchased eight between 1952 and 1971.
* Alpart - built of independent track in the 1970s to connect its refinery at Nain with Port Kaiser
A port is a maritime law, maritime facility comprising one or more Wharf, wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge Affreightment, cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can a ...
near Alligator Pond
Alligator Pond is a fishing village on the southwestern coast of Jamaica in the parish of Manchester.
Unlike the tourist-oriented coasts in the northern part of the country, Alligator Pond's shoreline is as much about work as play; here fisher ...
*Reynolds - built a short independent railway to link mines, drying plants and ports
*Windalco
United Company RUSAL, international public joint-stock company (russian: МКПАО «ОК РУСАЛ», MKPAO «ОК RUSAL») is the world's second largest aluminium company by primary production output (as of 2016). It was the largest until ov ...
- Bauxite Line
Post World War II
The agricultural driven growth of the railways was created by the harsh interior geography, and developing consumer needs meant that post-World War II, bananas had to be on a ship only two days after cutting. Having shipped 330,000 stems in 1880 to 24 million stems in 1930, a progressive decline in the industry meant that by 1969 the transport of bananas by rail ceased. In 1895 Jamaica had exported 97 million fruits; by 1940 the figure had fallen to 40 million, and following the loss of the monopoly of the British market and the 1951 hurricane, in 1975 it was just 5 million. Passenger figures had also started to fall, as pre-World War II the government had started a bridge building programme. By 1971 Jamaica had of roads, 1,350 of which were paved; alongside motorbuses which were accessing further inland, private cars had increased from 15,000 in 1950 to 142,300 by 1975.
After a post-World War II report by C. E. Rooke recommended closure of the Port Antonio to Spanish Town line, the government only closed the Linstead to Ewarton branch in 1947. The 1951 hurricane brought about a recommendation by the United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
envoy to invest in the railway to keep the bauxite traffic, and hence the passenger rates economically viable.
Jamaica Railway Corporation
1960 to 1975
The government agreed change of the railway after the 1 September 1957 crash, the worst transport accident in Jamaica's history, in which a 12-car wooden body train carrying 1,600 passengers derailed at Kendal, killing 175 passengers and injuring over 800.[The rise and fall of railways in Jamaica, 1845-1975 - Pg12](_blank)
Journal of Transport History - March 2003
The first diesel power had entered Jamaica in 1939 with two D Wickham & Co diesel coaches. After the creation of the Jamaica Railway Corporation in 1960, management increased this transformation significantly from 1963 onwards:
*19 multi-unit Metro-Cammell
Metro-Cammell, formally the Metropolitan Cammell Carriage and Wagon Company (MCCW), was an English manufacturer of railway carriages, locomotives and railway wagons, based in Saltley, and subsequently Washwood Heath, in Birmingham. Purchased ...
railcars, powered by Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce (always hyphenated) may refer to:
* Rolls-Royce Limited, a British manufacturer of cars and later aero engines, founded in 1906, now defunct
Automobiles
* Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, the current car manufacturing company incorporated in ...
C6T Mark IV engines of acquired at for J$621,000. These were all composite in two formations, with 7 cars carrying 20 first-class and 58 second-class passengers; and 30 cars with 83 second-class passengers
*The unique "market car wheel" built by Metro-Cammell, a modified boxcar fitted to carry passengers and their goods to market
*Two Clayton Equipment Company
Clayton Equipment Company Ltd, now known simply as Clayton Equipment Ltd or CEC and CEL, is a locomotive construction company that specialises in rail equipment, design and build, tunnelling, mining, metro, mainline and shunter locomotives.
In ...
shunting locomotives with the same Rolls-Royce driving system as the Metro-Cammell boxcars
*Two English Electric 750 h.p. locomotives to handle bauxite traffic
*Steam traction ended in 1964 but in 1966 class M3 4-8-0 No.54 was restored to working order for use on special excursion trains, the first one of which was named The Banana Boat Steam Train which ran between Kingston and Port Antonio on 17 July 1966. "Engine 54" was celebrated in a song by that title released in 1968 by The Ethiopians
The Ethiopians were one of Jamaica's best-loved harmony groups during the late ska, rocksteady and early reggae periods. Responsible for a significant number of hits between the mid-1960s and early 1970s, the group was also one of the first ...
, one of the leading Jamaican musical groups of the Rocksteady era.
In 1967, two ALCO DL532 1,200 h.p. diesel-electric locomotives were purchased. By 1970 Jamaica's railways had fourteen diesel-electric locomotives and only one steam locomotive was still in operation. Between 1972 and 1976, an additional 18 ALCO RS-8
The American Locomotive Company (often shortened to ALCO, ALCo or Alco) was an American manufacturer of locomotives, diesel generators, steel, and tanks that operated from 1901 to 1969. The company was formed by the merger of seven smaller locomo ...
s, manufactured by Montreal Locomotive Works in Canada, were purchased in three batches of six locomotives.
By 1975 there were:[Carol Mae Morrissey - ''Ol time tram and the Tramway Era, 1876-1948'' - Jamaica Journal, 16, 4 (1983), pp. 12-21.]
* of ( standard gauge) in control of JRC
* of private industrial railways in Jamaica.
*Totalling
*Carrying 1.2 million passengers per annum
*Transporting 900 million tonnes of goods, 95% bauxite and alumina which had driven the shippage from 900,000 tonnes in 1959.
Closure
By 1973 JRC's operational deficit had risen to J$3.4 million, and in 1975 it was nearing J$4 million and carrying a J$11 million loan. The government was paying over J$1.4 million in subsidy to keep the island's trains running. The financial crisis had led to a backlog of deferred maintenance, with stock and buildings also neglected. In 1974 the May Pen-Frankfield line closed, with the Bog Walk-Port Antonio line closing in 1975.
Public pressure forced the government to reopen the Port Antonio line at a cost of J$1.4 million in 1977. The condition of the track resulted in reclosure of the line in 1978. Hurricane Allen
Hurricane Allen was a rare and extremely powerful Cape Verde hurricane that affected the Caribbean, eastern and northern Mexico, and southern Texas in August 1980. The first named storm and second tropical cyclone of the 1980 Atlantic hurricane ...
in 1980 damaged much of the JRC railway system, and totally destroyed a section of the Port Antonio line running along the coast between Buff Bay
Buff Bay is a settlement in Portland, Jamaica
Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). ...
and Orange Bay.
In October 1992 public railway transport services ceased operating on Jamaica, although four of the private industrial lines continue to operate today, in part using JRC lines.[Jamaica Transportation](_blank)
Encyclopædia Britannica Of the total of standard gauge at the time on the island, of common carrier service belonging to JRC are no longer operational, leaving in private hands.[Jamaica Transportation](_blank)
Jamaica National Heritage Trust
Current operations
The Jamaican Railway Corporation still exists today -see below under "Revival". It is responsible for management of the JRC interests and property, and maintaining its locomotives but not the rolling stock.
In November 1990 JRC signed a 30-year Track User Agreement with Alcan Jamaica, which was renegotiated with the successor Windalco
United Company RUSAL, international public joint-stock company (russian: МКПАО «ОК РУСАЛ», MKPAO «ОК RUSAL») is the world's second largest aluminium company by primary production output (as of 2016). It was the largest until ov ...
in December 2001.
The company makes J$40 million per year through track user fees for the hauling of alumina and bauxite, and the residual from the rental of real estate and its three operable locomotives. The company has a staff of 76, who fulfill contractual obligations to users of the company's facilities.[Jamaican trains may never roll again](_blank)
The Jamaica Observer - February 25, 2007
Revival
In 2002 Jamaican Government discussed resumption of national railway services, initially with Canadian National Railway and then Rail India Technical and Economic Service (RITES); and now with the China Railway after a deal was signed by the Prime Minister P J Patterson with Chinese vice-president Zeng Qinghong
Zeng Qinghong (born 30 July 1939) is a retired Chinese politician. He was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, China's highest leadership council, and top-ranked member of the Secretariat of the Central ...
in Jamaica in February 2005. During the 1990s, a plan was considered which would see commuter services between Kingston and Spanish Town, later extended to Linstead
Linstead is a town in the parish of St. Catherine Parish, St. Catherine, Jamaica in the West Indies. In 1991 its population was 14,144. It is located 12 mi/19 km NNW of Spanish Town.
Description
Close to Ewarton and WINDALCO, Windalc ...
. It was proposed to cost US$
The United States dollar (symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official ...
8 million and be running by January 2001, with the government holding 40% of a public-private venture.
Passenger service returned to Jamaica for the first time since February 1992 on 16 April 2011, when an inaugural train operated from May Pen to Linstead
Linstead is a town in the parish of St. Catherine Parish, St. Catherine, Jamaica in the West Indies. In 1991 its population was 14,144. It is located 12 mi/19 km NNW of Spanish Town.
Description
Close to Ewarton and WINDALCO, Windalc ...
. There was also talk of establishing a tourist route
A scenic route, tourist road, tourist route, tourist drive, holiday route, theme route, or scenic byway is a specially designated road or waterway that travels through an area of natural or cultural beauty. It often passes by scenic viewpoint ...
on Jamalco's line between Rocky Point and Breadnut, but all passenger services were stopped again in August 2012.
Mail carriage
Records of the railway being used for mail service exist as far back as 1873 (when the postmaster terminated the railway's mail contract).
[Mail System](_blank)
Jamaica Railway, Keith Moh, 2008-2009.
From 1 September 1913 sorting carriages were added to trains on the main routes: Kingston to Port Antonio and Kingston to Montego Bay.[Railway Station Postmarks](_blank)
, Richard Hart, 2005-12. These carriages were fitted with posting boxes.
The travelling post office service resumed on 28 March 1927. Its last run was on 14 May 1966.Philately and the railway
, Jamaica-Philatelist, Col. Fred E Seifert, 1971. An official note c.1954 stated that "passenger trains between Kingston and Montego Bay (TPO 1) and Kingston and Port Antonio (TPO 2) are each equipped with a post office with a postman in charge. There is a letter-box at each station which the train postman clears en route."
Architecture
The railway architecture, developed and seen through the stations which were built between 1845 and 1896, is a reflection of classical Jamaican Georgian architecture Jamaican Georgian architecture is an architectural style that was popular in Jamaica between c. 1750 and c. 1850. It married the elegance of Georgian styling with functional features designed to weather Jamaica's tropical climate. It was used at ...
. Although under the care and maintenance of the JRC, those that are not used for commercial purposes and rented out to traders are presently in a state of disrepair.
Accidents
The Jamaica Railways have two serious accidents:
*30 July 1938 - a passenger train was heading from Kingston to Montego Bay. The engine jumped the rails at Balaclava and embedded itself into the mountainside, followed by coaches which were forced on from the rear. 32 people died and over 70 were injured.[Tragedy at Kendal - 1957](_blank)
Jamaica Gleaner
*1 September 1957 - a diesel-hauled train of 12 wooden carriages leaves Kingston for Montego Bay. The outbound journey had 900 passengers on board, correlating with the design limit of 80 passengers per carriage. However, the return journey had 1,600 passengers loaded at 130-150 persons per carriage including hundreds of members of the Holy Name Society of St. Anne's Roman Catholic Church, hundreds of pickpockets
Pickpocketing is a form of larceny that involves the stealing of money or other valuables from the person or a victim's pocket without them noticing the theft at the time. It may involve considerable dexterity and a knack for misdirection. A th ...
, and their targets the tourists who made up over 1,000 of the total passenger loading. At 23:30 near Kendal, Manchester
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...
three shrill whistle blasts signalled that the driver had lost control of the train, and it derailed minutes later at speed. 200 people lost their lives, and 700 sustained injuries in the worst transport disaster in Jamaica's history, and the second worst rail disaster in the world at that time. The cause of the accident was determined to be the closure of an angled wheel (brake) cock, with survivors suggesting that the pickpockets had tampered with the brakes while riding on the carriage platforms. Confidence in the rail service was shaken and much looting and robbing of the dead and injured occurred. The ensuing investigation found deficiencies in the Jamaica Railway Corporation, which was resultantly given its independence in 1960.
Natural disasters
*14 January 1907 - Kingston experienced a great earthquake which demolished many railway buildings and killed or injured officials, officers and employees.[The Jamaica Government Railway](_blank)
, F Aguilar, TPO Volume 8 Number 6, 1954-11&12.
*18 May 1909 - Number 2 railway pier in Kingston destroyed by fire.
*1951 - Hurricane Charlie caused extensive damage to railway infrastructure.[Mail System](_blank)
Jamaica Railway, Keith Moh, 2008-2009.
*1988 - Hurricane Gilbert
Hurricane Gilbert was the second most intense tropical cyclone on record in the Atlantic basin in terms of barometric pressure, only behind Hurricane Wilma in 2005. An extremely powerful tropical cyclone that formed during the 1988 Atlantic hurr ...
caused extensive damage to railway infrastructure.
General manager
The Corporation has a General Manager, also known (in the 21st century) as the Chief Executive Officer.
See also
*Lists of rail accidents
This is the list of rail accident lists.
Lists By year
By type
* By country
* By death toll
* Terrorist incidents
See also
* Classification of railway accidents
* Derailment
*Rail Transport
* Train wreck
* Tram accident
A tram accident is ...
*List of railway tunnels in Jamaica A list of railway tunnels in Jamaica.
Kingston to Montego Bay
Spanish Town to Port Antonio
May Pen to Frankfield
Bog Walk to Ewarton
None.
See also
* Kingston to Montego Bay line
* Spanish Town to Ewarton line
* Bog Walk to Port Antonio line ...
*Rail transport by country
This page provides an index of articles on rail transport by country.
International railway organisations
* International Union of Railways (UIC)
* International Union of Public Transport (UITP)
* Association of American Railways (AAR)
Afri ...
*Transportation in Jamaica
Transport in Jamaica consists of roadways, railways, ship and air transport, with roadways forming the backbone of the island's internal transport system.
Roadways
The Jamaican road network consists of almost 21,000 kilometres of roads, of whic ...
References
Notes
Further reading
*
External links
Official webpage of the Jamaica Railway Corporation
Historic Railway stations
from the Jamaica National Heritage Trust
The Jamaica National Heritage Trust is responsible for the promotion, preservation, and development of Jamaica's material cultural heritage (buildings, monuments, bridges, etc.).
The organisation maintains the list of National Heritage Sites in J ...
Jamaica Railway
Keith Moh, 2008-2009.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Railways Of Jamaica