Radulphus Brito (c. 1270 – 1320) was an influential grammarian and

philosopher A philosopher is a person who practices or investigates philosophy. The term ''philosopher'' comes from the grc, φιλόσοφος, , translit=philosophos, meaning 'lover of wisdom'. The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek th ...

, based in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

. He is usually identified as Raoul le Breton, though this is disputed by some.Confusion is possible since the contemporary (1316–1382) is also sometimes known as Raoul le Breton. Besides works of grammatical speculation he wrote on

Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...

Boethius Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly known as Boethius (; Latin: ''Boetius''; 480 – 524 AD), was a Roman senator, consul, ''magister officiorum'', historian, and philosopher of the Early Middle Ages. He was a central figure in the tr ...

and

Priscian Priscianus Caesariensis (), commonly known as Priscian ( or ), was a Latin grammarian and the author of the ''Institutes of Grammar'', which was the standard textbook for the study of Latin during the Middle Ages. It also provided the raw materia ...

. Radulphus was Master of arts in the

University of Paris , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...

in 1296, and joined the theology faculty in 1311. Very few of his works are edited, although he was a prolific and influential writer. He was one of a group of grammarians called the

Modistae The Modistae (Latin for Modists), also known as the speculative grammarians, were the members of a school of grammarian philosophy known as Modism or speculative grammar, active in northern France, Germany, England, and Denmark in the 13th and 14t ...

or modists who flourished around Paris from about 1260 to 1310, so-called because they wrote on the mode of signifying.

Works

* "Quaestiones in Aristotelis librum tertium De anima", edited by W. Fauser, in: ''Der Kommentar des Radulphus Brito zu Buch III De anima'', Münster, Aschendorf 1974. * Sophisma “Aliquis homo est species”, edited by Jan Pinborg in: “Radulphus Brito’s sophism on second intentions”, ''Vivarium'', 13, 1975, pp. 119–152. * Sophisma “Rationale est animal”, edited by Sten Ebbesen in: “The sophism Rationale est animal”, ''Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Age Grec et Latin'' 24, 1978, pp. 85–120. * Sophisma “Omnis homo est omnis homo”, edited by Niels J. Green-Pedersen and Jan Pinborg, in: “Radulphus Brito: Commentary on Boethius’ De differentiis topicis and the sophism Omnis homo est omnis homo”, ''Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Age Grec et Latin'', 26, 1978, pp. 1–92. * “Quaestiones super De differentiis topicis Boethii”, edited by Niels J. Green-Pedersen and Jan Pinborg, in: “Radulphus Brito: commentary on Boethius’ De differentiis topicis and the sophism Omnis homo est omnis homo”, ''Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Age Grec et Latin'', 26, 1980 pp. 1–92. * “Quaestiones in Aristotelis libros De anima, q. 1.6” edited by Jan Pinborg, in: “Radulphus Brito on Universals”, ''Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Age Grec et Latin'', 35, 1980, pp. 56–142. * “Quaestiones super librum Porphyrii, qq. 5–8”, edited by Jan Pinborg, in: “ Radulphus Brito on Universals”, ''Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Age Grec et Latin'', 35, 1980, pp. 56–142. * “Quaestiones super Priscianum minorem”, edited by H.W. Enders and Jan Pinborg, ‘’Grammatica speculativa’’, vol. 3/1-2. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt:Frommann Holzboog, 1980. * “Quaestiones super Sophisticos elenchos, qq. I.10-19” edited by Sten Ebbesen, in: “Texts on equivocation. Part II. Ca. 1250-1310”, ''Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Age Grec et Latin'' 68, 1998, pp. 99–307. * “Quaestiones in Aristotelis libros ethicorum”, edited by Iacopo Costa, in: “Le questiones di Radulfo Brito sull’Etica Nicomachea” Introduction (in Italian) and critical text. Studia artistarum 16, Turnhout: Brepols, 2008. * ''Quaestiones super Priora Analytica Aristotelis'', edited by Gordon Wilson, Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2016.

Notes

References

* John Marenbon, ''Later Medieval Philosophy (1150–1350)'', New York: Routledge 1991, c. 8.

Bibliography

* William J. Courtenay, ''Radulphus Brito, master of arts and theology''. Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Age Grec et Latin, 76, 2005, pp. 131–158. * Jean-Luc Deuffic, "Un logicien renommé, proviseur de Sorbonne au XIVe siècle: Raoul le Breton de Ploudiry. Notes bio-bibliographiques", ''Pecia. Ressources en médiévistique'', 1,2002, pp. 145–154. * Sten Ebbesen, "Radulphus Brito. The last of the great arts masters. Or: Philosophy and freedom", in: Jan A. Aertsen, Andreas Speer (eds.), ''Geistesleben im 13. Jahrhundert''. Miscellanea mediaevalia 27. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1999, pp. 231–251. * A. M. Mora-Márquez, "Boethius of Dacia (1270s) and Radulphus Brito (1290s) on the Universal Sign ‘Every’", in ''

Logica Universalis ''Logica Universalis'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal which covers research related to universal logic Originally the expression ''Universal logic'' was coined by analogy with the expression ''Universal algebra''. The first idea was to dev ...

'', 9, 2015, pp. 193-211. * Benoît Patar, ''Dictionnaire des philosophes médiévaux'', Québec: Fides, 2006, s.v. « Raoul le Breton ».

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Brito, Radulphus 1320 deaths Grammarians of Latin Scholastic philosophers University of Paris alumni University of Paris faculty Medieval linguists 13th-century births 14th-century Latin writers 14th-century philosophers Commentators on Aristotle