Radical Party may refer to any of a number of
political parties
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or pol ...
professing the
progressive-liberal ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones." Formerly applied pri ...
known as
Radicalism:
Worldwide
*
Nonviolent Radical Party Transnational and Transparty (1989–present)
Europe
In the western Mediterranean European countries, Radicalism was one of the major political movements between
1848 and
1940. Such parties were often labelled 'Democratic', 'Radical democratic', or 'Radical liberal' parties:
* In
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
:
**Radical Left (1902–1940), parliamentary group of the
Independent Radicals
The Independent Radicals (french: Radicaux indépendants) were a centrist or conservative-liberal political current during the French Third Republic. It was slightly to the right of the more famous Radical-Socialist Party, and shared much of it ...
.
**
Radical-Socialist Party (France)
The Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party (french: Parti républicain, radical et radical-socialiste) is a liberal and formerly social-liberal political party in France. It is also often referred to simply as the Radical Party (frenc ...
(1901–present)
**
Radical Party of the Left
The Radical Party of the Left (french: Parti radical de gauche, PRG) is a social-liberal political party in France. A party in the Radical tradition, since 1972 the PRG was a close ally of the major party of the centre-left in France, the Soc ...
(1971–present)
**
Radical Movement
The Radical Movement (french: Mouvement radical, MR), officially the Radical, Social and Liberal Movement (french: link=no, Mouvement radical, social et libéral), was a Social liberalism, social-liberal list of political parties in France, politi ...
(2017–2021), former merger of the Radical Party and the Radical Party of the Left.
* In
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
:
**
Italian Radical Party
The Italian Radical Party ( it, Partito Radicale Italiano), also known as the Historical Radical Party (''Partito Radicale storico''), was a radical, republican, secularist and social-liberal political party in Italy.
History
Since 1877, t ...
(1877–1925)
**
Radical Party (Italy)
The Radical Party ( it, Partito Radicale, PR) was a liberal and libertarian political party in Italy. For decades, the Radical Party was a bastion of anti-clericalism, civil libertarianism, feminism, liberalism and radicalism in Italy as w ...
(1955–1989)
**
Italian Radicals (2001–present)
**Radical Socialist Movement (2006-present), formed by dissidents members of the Radicals of the Left
**Liberty and Equality (2010-present), formed by dissidents members of the Radicals of the Left
* In
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
, Radicalism took the form of various parties labelled 'democratic', 'progressive', 'radical' and 'republican':
** the
Progressive Party Progressive Party may refer to:
Active parties
* Progressive Party, Brazil
* Progressive Party (Chile)
* Progressive Party of Working People, Cyprus
* Dominica Progressive Party
* Progressive Party (Iceland)
* Progressive Party (Sardinia), Ita ...
(1835–69), formed by former participants in the radical Revolution of 1820;
** the
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to:
*Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to:
Active parties Africa
*Botswana Democratic Party
*Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
*Gabonese Democratic Party
*Demo ...
(1849–69) a Spanish progressive party of
Jacobin
, logo = JacobinVignette03.jpg
, logo_size = 180px
, logo_caption = Seal of the Jacobin Club (1792–1794)
, motto = "Live free or die"(french: Vivre libre ou mourir)
, successor = Pa ...
and
1848er inspiration, active in the 1850s.
** the Federal Democratic Republican Party (1868–1910)
** the Democratic Radical Party (1869–80), successor the Progressive Party. It was refounded in 1880, following splinters, as the Progressive Democratic Party (1880–1912)
** the successor Democratic Party (1876–9) reformed as the Possibilist Democratic Party (1879–90)
** The Radical-Republican Party (1908–40), a splinter of the Progressive Democratic Party;
** Its splinter, the
Radical-Socialist Republican Party (1928–34). This merged with others to form the
Republican Left (1934–59)
** A second splinter of the Radical-Republican Party formed the Republican Democratic Party and
Republican Union (1934–59)
In the
Dutch-speaking
Dutch ( ) is a West Germanic language spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language. It is the third most widely spoken Germanic language, after its close relatives German and English. ''Afrikaans'' i ...
,
German-speaking
German ( ) is a West Germanic language mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol. It is also a ...
and
Nordic countries
The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or ''Norden''; literal translation, lit. 'the North') are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic. It includes the sovereign states of Denmar ...
, the English or French term Radical was represented by terms that literally translated as 'Free-Minded' (or, alternatively, as '
Freethinker
Freethought (sometimes spelled free thought) is an epistemological viewpoint which holds that beliefs should not be formed on the basis of authority, tradition, revelation, or dogma, and that beliefs should instead be reached by other metho ...
' or '
Rationalist'), including:
* In
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
:
** the original Radical Party (1830s–1894), see
Regeneration (Switzerland)
The periods of Restoration and Regeneration in Swiss history lasted from 1814 to 1847. "Restoration" is the period of 1814 to 1830, the restoration of the '' Ancien Régime'' ( federalism), reverting the changes imposed by Napoleon Bonaparte on ...
** the comparatively left-leaning successor party known as the
Radical-Democratic Party (in French) and the ''Free-minded Democratic Party'' (German) (1878 to present)
** the comparatively right-leaning successor party known as the
Radical-Liberal Party (1893 to 2009), and its successor the
FDP, whose name translates to the ''Free-minded and Liberal Party'' in German and the ''Radical and Liberal Party'' in French (2009–present)
* In
Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...
:
** the
Liberal League (1904–28), although predominantly
classical liberal
Classical liberalism is a political tradition and a branch of liberalism that advocates free market and laissez-faire economics; civil liberties under the rule of law with especial emphasis on individual autonomy, limited government, economic ...
rather than Radical, contained a left-wing faction of Radical ideology;
** the
Radical Socialist Party (1925–1932), founded by the splinter of the left-wing of the old Liberal League;
** the
Radical Party (Luxembourg)
The Radical Party was a political party in Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; ger ...
(1928–1932), founded by the splinter of the right-wing of the Radical Socialist Party.
**the
Radical Liberal Party (Luxembourg) The Radical Liberal Party ( lb, Radikal-Liberal Partei, french: Parti Radical Libéral), abbreviated to PRL, was a Luxembourgian political party that existed from 1932 until 1945. It was the main party bridging the gap between the former Liberal L ...
(1932–1945), formed as a merger of the Radical Socialist Party and Radical Party
* In the
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
:
** the
Radical League
The Radical League ( nl, Radicale Bond) was a progressive liberal political party in the Netherlands from its founding in 1892 until it merged with the left wing of the Liberal Union to form the Free-thinking Democratic League in 1901.
History
...
(1892–1901)
** the
Free-minded Democratic League
The Free-thinking Democratic League ( nl, Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond, VDB) was a progressive liberal political party in the Netherlands. Established in 1901, it played a relatively large role in Dutch politics, supplying one Prime Minister, Wi ...
(1901-1946)
**the
Political Party of Radicals
The Political Party of Radicals ( nl, Politieke Partij Radikalen, PPR) was a progressive Christian and green political party in the Netherlands. The PPR played a relatively small role in Dutch politics and merged with other left-wing parties to ...
(1968–1991)
* In
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
, a succession of Radical parties existed:
** The
German Free-minded Party
The German Free-minded Party (german: Deutsche Freisinnige Partei, DFP) or German Radical Party was a short-lived liberal party in the German Empire, founded on 5 March 1884 as a result of the merger of the German Progress Party and the Liberal ...
(1884 to 1893), which split into two successors:
** the left-leaning
Free-minded Union
The Free-minded Union (german: Freisinnige Vereinigung; FVg) or Radical Union was a liberal party in the German Empire that existed from 1893 to 1910.
Emergence
Inside its predecessor, the German Free-minded Party, there had always been tension ...
(1893 to 1910)
** and the centre-leaning the
Free-minded People's Party (1893 to 1910)
** These merged as the
Progressive People's Party (1910 to 1918)
** This was reformed as the
German Democratic Party
The German Democratic Party (, or DDP) was a center-left liberal party in the Weimar Republic. Along with the German People's Party (, or DVP), it represented political liberalism in Germany between 1918 and 1933. It was formed in 1918 from the ...
(1918 to 1930).
* In
Scandinavia
Scandinavia; Sámi languages: /. ( ) is a subregion#Europe, subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. In English usage, ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, ...
:
** In
Denmark
)
, song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast")
, song_type = National and royal anthem
, image_map = EU-Denmark.svg
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark
...
, the current Liberal Party began as a Radical Party, hence its name in Danish (
Venstre, 'Left'). The Radical wing split off from the classical-liberal majority in 1905 to form a new party, known as
Radikale Venstre
The Danish Social Liberal Party ( da, Radikale Venstre, , Radical Left) is a social-liberal political party in Denmark. The party was founded as a split from the Venstre Reform Party in 1905.
Historically, the centrist party has played a cent ...
(Radical Left).
** In
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
, the
Free-minded National Association
The Free-minded National Association () was a political party in Sweden. The party was in government from 1905 to 1906 and from 1911 to 1914 under the leadership of Karl Staaff, from 1917 to 1920 under the leadership of Nils Edén, from 1926 to 19 ...
(1902 to 1934)
** In
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...
, the
Free-minded Liberal Party
The Free-minded Liberal Party ( no, Frisinnede Venstre) was a political party in Norway founded in 1909 by the conservative-liberal faction of the Liberal Party. The party cooperated closely with the Conservative Party and participated in severa ...
(1909 to 1932) and Free-minded People's Party (1932 to 1935)
** In
Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...
, the
Young Finns
Young Finns ( fi, Nuorsuomalaiset) was a liberal political party in Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to t ...
(1905-1918), its successor the
National Progressive Party (1919–51), and its successor the
Free-minded League (1951 to 1965)
In south-eastern Europe, Radicalism was also a historically important political movement:
* In
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...
, the
Radical Democratic Party (1902–present)
* In
Greece
Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...
** the
Party of Radicals (1848-1864) of the
United States of the Ionian Islands
The United States of the Ionian Islands ( el, Ἡνωμένον Κράτος τῶν Ἰονίων Νήσων, Inoménon-Krátos ton Ioníon Níson, United State of the Ionian Islands; it, Stati Uniti delle Isole Ionie) was a Greek state and am ...
** the Venizelist splinter from the Liberal Party () and the Democratic Party ()
* In
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
(see
list of historical political parties in Romania)
** the Free and Independent Fraction (1864-1884)
** the National Liberal Party (1875-1940)
** the
Radical Party (1884–19??), splinter of the former;
* In
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
** the Serbian Progressive Party (1881-1919)
** the
People's Radical Party
The People's Radical Party ( sr, Народна радикална странка, Narodna radikalna stranka, abbr. НРС or NRS) was the dominant ruling party of Kingdom of Serbia and later Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from the l ...
(1881–1926)
** the Independent Radical Party (1903-1919), left-wing splinter of the former
** the
State Party of Serbian, Croatian and Slovene Democrats (1919-1946) and its splinter, the
Republican and Democratic Party (1924-1946)
** the
Serbian Radical Party
The Serbian Radical Party ( sr-cyrl, Српска радикална странка, Srpska radikalna stranka, ''SRS'') is an ultranationalist political party in Serbia. It was founded in 1991, and its founder and current leader is Vojislav Še ...
(1991–present)
* In
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
, the
Republican People's Party
The Republican People's Party ( tr, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, , acronymized as CHP ) is a Kemalist and social-democratic political party in Turkey which currently stands as the main opposition party. It is also the oldest political party ...
(1919-1980)
In Central and Eastern Europe, Radicalism was less potent but nonetheless prominent political force:
* In
Czechoslovakia
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
and its predecessor territories:
** the
Young Czech Party
The Young Czech Party ( cz, Mladočeši, officially National Liberal Party, ''Národní strana svobodomyslná'') was formed in the Bohemian crown land of Austria-Hungary in 1874. It initiated the democratization of Czech political parties and l ...
(1874-1918)
** the
Czech National Social Party
Czech National Social Party (Czech: ''Česká strana národně sociální'', ČSNS) is a civic nationalist political party in the Czech Republic, that once played an important role in Czechoslovakia during the interwar period. It was established ...
(1897–present)
*In
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
and its historical territories:
**
Constitutional Democratic Party
)
, newspaper = ''Rech''
, ideology = ConstitutionalismConstitutional monarchismLiberal democracyParliamentarism Political pluralismSocial liberalism
, position = Centre to centre-left
, international =
, colours ...
**
Trudovik Party
*In
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
and its predecessor territories:
**the
Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party (1890-1926)
**the Radical Socialist Party of Ukraine (1926-1950)
**
Radical Party (Ukraine)
The Radical Party of Oleh Liashko ( uk, Радикальна Партія Олега Ляшка, translit=Radykal'na partiia Oleha Liashka, RPOL) and formerly known as the Ukrainian Radical-Democratic Party ( uk, Українська демокр ...
(2010–present)
United Kingdom
*
Radicals (UK) (17??–1859)
South America
Argentina
*
Radical Civic Union
The Radical Civic Union ( es, Unión Cívica Radical, UCR) is a centrist and social-liberal political party in Argentina. It has been ideologically heterogeneous, ranging from social liberalism to social democracy. The UCR is a member of the So ...
(1891–present)
*
People's Radical Civic Union (1957–1972), led by
Ricardo Balbín
Ricardo Balbín (29 July 1904 – 9 September 1981) was an Argentine lawyer and politician, and one of the most important figures of the centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR), for which he was the presidential nominee four times: in 1951, 1958, an ...
*
Intransigent Radical Civic Union
The Intransigent Radical Civic Union ( es, Unión Cívica Radical Intransigente, UCRI) was a political party of Argentina.
The UCRI developed from the centrist Radical Civic Union in 1956, following a split at the party's convention in Tucumán.
...
(1957–1972)
Bolivia
*
Radical Party (Bolivia) (1913–1943)
Chile
*
Radical Party (Chile)
The Radical Party (Spanish: ''Partido Radical'') was a Chilean political party. It was formed in 1863 in Copiapó by a split in the Liberal Party. Not coincidentally, it was formed shortly after the organization of the Grand Lodge of Chile, and ...
(1863–1994)
*
Social Democrat Radical Party
The Radical Party of Chile ( es, Partido Radical de Chile), is a social-democratic political party in Chile.
The party was founded as the Social Democrat Radical Party (''Partido Radical Socialdemócrata'') on 18 August 1994 out of a union ...
(1994–present)
Ecuador
*
Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party
The Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party ( es, Partido Liberal Radical Ecuatoriano, abbreviated as ''PLRE'') was a liberal party in Ecuador and is one of the oldest existing political parties in Ecuador.
History
The party evolved out of divisions be ...
(182?–present)
*
Alfarista Radical Front
The Alfarista Radical Front (, FRA) was a centrist liberal party in Ecuador, founded in 1972. One of its best known figures was former acting president Fabián Alarcón.
The party was named after the most prominent liberal politician in Ecuadori ...
(1972–present)
Paraguay
*
Authentic Radical Liberal Party
The Authentic Radical Liberal Party ( es, Partido Liberal Radical Auténtico or ''PLRA'') is a centrist liberal political party in Paraguay. The party is a full member of Liberal International. The ''liberales'', as they are known, are the leadi ...
(1978–present)
Asia
India
*
Radical Democratic Party (India) Radical Democratic Party (RDP), was a political party in India which existed at the time of the Second World War. Also known as the Radical Communist Party. RDP evolved out of the League of Radical Congressmen, which had been founded in 1939 by form ...
(1940–1948)
Israel
*
Meri-Israeli Radical Camp (1960s-1970s)
Oceania
New Zealand
*
Radical Party (New Zealand)
The Radical Party was a proposed new political party in New Zealand. It was part of an abortive attempt by members of the Liberal Party to establish a breakaway group. No actual party was ever formed, but the name was frequently applied to the grou ...
(1896–19??)
See also
*
Radicalism (historical)
*
Political radicalism
Radical politics denotes the intent to transform or replace the principles of a society or political system, often through social change, structural change, revolution or radical reform. The process of adopting radical views is termed radica ...
*
National Radical Party (disambiguation)
*
Italian Radicals (disambiguation) The Italian Radicals are a liberal political party in Italy, formed in 2001.
In politics, Italian Radicals may also refer to:
* Italian Radical Party, a far-left/left-liberal party (1877–1922)
* Radical Party, a left-liberal party splintered fro ...
*
Free-minded Party
{{disambiguation, political
*