Raden Patah, also known as Jin Bun ( jv, ꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦦꦠꦃ; zh, t=靳文, s=, p=Jìn wén)(1455 in
Jepara
Jepara is a town in the province of Central Java, Indonesia.
Jepara is on the north coast of Java, north-east of Semarang, not far from Mount Muria, with a population of 92,967 in mid 2019. It is also the main town of Jepara Regency, which has a p ...
– 1518 in
Demak
Demak is on the north coast of Central Java province, on the island of Java, Indonesia.
* Demak, Demak, modern-day large town
* Demak Sultanate, sixteenth century sultanate
* Demak Regency
Demak ( jv, ꦢꦼꦩꦏ꧀) is a regency located in t ...
) is the first sultan of
Demak Sultanate
The Demak Sultanate (کسلطانن دمق) was a Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present-day city of Demak. A port fief to the Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit kingdom thought to have been founded in ...
. He became sultan in 1475, but the sultanate remained a vassal of
Majapahit Empire
Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was based on the island of Java (in modern-day Indonesia ...
until 1478. Raden Patah took the title
Panembahan Jimbun after legitimizing the Sultanate of Demak as the successor of Majapahit Empire and his appointment as the sultan of Demak by
Wali Sanga
The Wali Songo (also transcribed as Wali Sanga) are revered saints of Islam in Indonesia, especially on the island of Java, because of their historic role in the spread of Islam in Indonesia. The word ''wali'' is Arabic for "trusted one" ("gua ...
.
The historian Merle Calvin Ricklefs distinguishes Raden Patah from a Muslim named Cek-ko-po. He said that Cek-ko-po was an outsider, most likely from
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
, who apparently founded the Sultanate of Demak and had a son who might be named "Rodim", who the
Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire ( pt, Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (''Ultramar Português'') or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (''Império Colonial Português''), was composed of the overseas colonies, factories, and the l ...
call that. Meanwhile,
Tomé Pires
Tomé Pires (1465?–1524 or 1540)Madureira, 150–151. was a Portuguese apothecary from Lisbon who spent 1512 to 1515 in Malacca immediately after the Portuguese conquest, at a time when Europeans were only first arriving in Southeast As ...
, in his book
Suma Oriental
Suma may refer to:
Places
* Suma, Azerbaijan, a village
* Suma, East Azerbaijan, a village in Iran
* Sowmaeh, Ardabil, also known as Şūmā, a village in Iran
* Suma-ku, Kobe, one of nine wards of Kobe City in Japan
** Suma Station, a rai ...
, said that "Pate Rodim" was the ruler of Demak who owned the
Palembang
Palembang () is the capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sumatra. The city proper covers on both banks of the Musi River on the eastern lowland of southern Sumatra. It had a population of 1,668,848 at the 2020 Census. Palembang ...
area. Then, one source said that it is widely believed that the Demak Sultanate was founded in 1500 by a Chinese Muslim named Cek-ko-po or his son, Raden Patah.
He had two sons, and , who succeeded him in turn.
Origin
Raden Patah has many names, including Praba or Raden Bagus Kasan (Hasan), who has the Chinese name Jin Bun ( zh, t=靳文, s=, p=Jìn wén). He is also called
Senapati
Senapati (Sanskrit: सेनापति; ''sena-'' meaning "army", ''-pati'' meaning "lord") is a title in ancient India denoting the rank of military commander or general of the army.
It was a hereditary title of nobility used in the Marath ...
Jimbun or Panembahan Jimbun, has the title Sultan Syah Alam Akbar al-Fatah. According to Chinese chronicles from the
Sam Poo Kong
Sam Poo Kong (), also known as Gedung Batu Temple, is the oldest Chinese temple in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Originally established by the Chinese Muslim explorer Zheng He (also known as Sanbao), it is now shared by Indonesians of multip ...
Temple in
Semarang
Semarang ( jv, ꦏꦸꦛꦯꦼꦩꦫꦁ , Pegon: سماراڠ) is the capital and largest city of Central Java province in Indonesia. It was a major port during the Dutch colonial era, and is still an important regional center and port today. ...
, he has a Chinese name, namely Jin Bun, without a surname in front of him, because only his mother is Chinese. Jin Bun means strong person.
[ ISBN 978-979-8451-16-4] The name is synonymous with the Arabic name "Fatah" which means victory.
Early life
There are various versions about the origin of the founder of Kerajan Demak.
According to
Babad Tanah Jawi
''Babad Tanah Jawi'' ( jv, ꦧꦧꦢ꧀ꦠꦤꦃꦗꦮꦶ, "History of the land of Java"), is a generic title for many manuscripts written in the Javanese language. Their arrangements and details vary, and no copies of any of the manuscripts are o ...
, Raden Patah is thought to have been the son of , the last king of the
Majapahit Empire
Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was based on the island of Java (in modern-day Indonesia ...
of a
Chinese concubine
Concubinage is an interpersonal relationship, interpersonal and Intimate relationship, sexual relationship between a man and a woman in which the couple does not want, or cannot enter into a full marriage. Concubinage and marriage are often reg ...
. This Chinese concubine was the daughter of Kyai Batong (aka Tan Go Hwat). After giving birth to Raden Patah, the Chinese daughter married , giving birth to .
According to ''Purwaka Caruban Nagari'', the real name of the Chinese concubine is Siu Ban Ci, daughter of Tan Go Hwat and Siu Te Yo from
Gresik
Gresik Regency ( older spelling: Grissee, ) is a regency within East Java Province of Indonesia. As well as a large part of the Surabaya northern and western suburbs, it includes the offshore Bawean Island, some 125 km to the north of Java an ...
. Tan Go Hwat is a trader and scholar with the title Shaykh Bantong (aka Kyai Batong).
According to the Chinese chronicle of the
Sam Poo Kong
Sam Poo Kong (), also known as Gedung Batu Temple, is the oldest Chinese temple in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Originally established by the Chinese Muslim explorer Zheng He (also known as Sanbao), it is now shared by Indonesians of multip ...
temple, the nickname when Raden Patah was young was Jin Bun, son of Kung-ta-bu-mi (aka or ) king of Majapahit of a Chinese concubine. Then the Chinese concubine was given to a half Chinese named Swan Liong in Palembang. Swan Liong is the son of ) from a Chinese concubine. From this second marriage, Kin San (aka Raden Kusen) was born. This Chinese chronicle reports the birth year of Jin Bun as 1455. Therefore, Raden Patah was born before Bhre Kertabhumi was governing the Majapahit Empire (reigned 1474-1478).
According to Slamet Muljana (2005), Babad Tanah Jawi was careless in identifying Brawijaya V as Raden Patah's father as well as Arya Damar's father, more precisely the content of Sam Po Kong's Chinese chronicle script seems more plausible that Swan Liong's father (aka Arya Damar) is
Yang-wi-si-sa, in contrast to Jin Bun's (aka Raden Patah) father, namely Kung-ta-bu-mi or Kertabhumi aka Brawijaya V.
According to
Sejarah Banten ''Sejarah Banten'' ("History of Banten") is a Javanese chronicle containing stories of conversion to Islam in Indonesia. The manuscripts of the chronicle date from the late nineteenth century, although two are known to be copies written from the or ...
, the founder of the
Demak Sultanate
The Demak Sultanate (کسلطانن دمق) was a Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present-day city of Demak. A port fief to the Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit kingdom thought to have been founded in ...
was named Cu Cu (Gan Eng Wan?), The son (or subordinate) of the former
prime minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...
of
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
(Haji Gan Eng Cu?) who moved to
East Java
East Java ( id, Jawa Timur) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost hemisphere of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean bord ...
. Cu Cu served Majapahit and contributed to suppressing the Arya Dilah rebellion, the
regent
A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...
of Palembang. This doesn't add up, as written in
Babad Tanah Jawi
''Babad Tanah Jawi'' ( jv, ꦧꦧꦢ꧀ꦠꦤꦃꦗꦮꦶ, "History of the land of Java"), is a generic title for many manuscripts written in the Javanese language. Their arrangements and details vary, and no copies of any of the manuscripts are o ...
. Because, Arya Dilah is another name for , Raden Patah's own adoptive father. Furthermore, for his services, Cu Cu became the son-in-law of the king of
Majapahit
Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was ba ...
and was made the regent of Demak with the title Arya Sumangsang (Aria Suganda?).
Although there are various versions, it is said that the founder of Demak had ties to
Majapahit
Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was ba ...
,
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
,
Gresik
Gresik Regency ( older spelling: Grissee, ) is a regency within East Java Province of Indonesia. As well as a large part of the Surabaya northern and western suburbs, it includes the offshore Bawean Island, some 125 km to the north of Java an ...
, and
Palembang
Palembang () is the capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sumatra. The city proper covers on both banks of the Musi River on the eastern lowland of southern Sumatra. It had a population of 1,668,848 at the 2020 Census. Palembang ...
.
Foundations of the Demak Sultanate
According to
Babad Tanah Jawi
''Babad Tanah Jawi'' ( jv, ꦧꦧꦢ꧀ꦠꦤꦃꦗꦮꦶ, "History of the land of Java"), is a generic title for many manuscripts written in the Javanese language. Their arrangements and details vary, and no copies of any of the manuscripts are o ...
, Raden Patah refused to replace as Duke of
Palembang
Palembang () is the capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sumatra. The city proper covers on both banks of the Musi River on the eastern lowland of southern Sumatra. It had a population of 1,668,848 at the 2020 Census. Palembang ...
. He fled to
Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...
, accompanied by . Arriving in
Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...
, both of them studied at
Sunan Ampel
Sunan Ampel (born Raden Ahmad Rahmatullah; 1401–1481) was one of the Javanese nine revered saints Wali Songo, credited for the spread Islam in Java. According to local history around Demak the mosque of Demak Masjid Agung Demak was built by ...
in
Surabaya
Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Java and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. L ...
. Raden Kusen then served Majapahit, while Raden Patah moved to
Central Java
Central Java ( id, Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogyakarta in t ...
to open the Glagahwangi forest into a
pesantren
''Pesantren'', or ''pondok pesantren'', are Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. They consist of pondok, mosque, santri, teaching of classical Islamic texts and Kyai.Zamakhsyari Dhofie''The Pesantren Tradition: A Study of the Role of the Kyai ...
.
The longer the Glagahwangi pesantren was progressing. (aka ) in Majapahit was worried that Raden Patah intended to rebel. Raden Kusen, who at that time had been appointed Adipati of , was ordered to summon Raden Patah.
Raden Kusen confronts Raden Patah to
Majapahit
Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was ba ...
. Brawijaya (identified as ) was impressed and finally agreed to admit Raden Patah as his son. Raden Patah was appointed regent, while Glagahwangi was renamed
Demak
Demak is on the north coast of Central Java province, on the island of Java, Indonesia.
* Demak, Demak, modern-day large town
* Demak Sultanate, sixteenth century sultanate
* Demak Regency
Demak ( jv, ꦢꦼꦩꦏ꧀) is a regency located in t ...
, with the capital being named
Bintara.
According to Chinese chronicle of the
Sam Poo Kong
Sam Poo Kong (), also known as Gedung Batu Temple, is the oldest Chinese temple in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Originally established by the Chinese Muslim explorer Zheng He (also known as Sanbao), it is now shared by Indonesians of multip ...
temple, Jin Bun moved from
Surabaya
Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Java and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. L ...
to
Demak
Demak is on the north coast of Central Java province, on the island of Java, Indonesia.
* Demak, Demak, modern-day large town
* Demak Sultanate, sixteenth century sultanate
* Demak Regency
Demak ( jv, ꦢꦼꦩꦏ꧀) is a regency located in t ...
in 1475. Then he conquered
Semarang
Semarang ( jv, ꦏꦸꦛꦯꦼꦩꦫꦁ , Pegon: سماراڠ) is the capital and largest city of Central Java province in Indonesia. It was a major port during the Dutch colonial era, and is still an important regional center and port today. ...
in 1477 as a subordinate of Demak. This made Kung-ta-bu-mi (aka Bhre Kertabhumi) in Majapahit uneasy. However, thanks to the persuasion of Bong Swi Hoo (aka
Sunan Ampel
Sunan Ampel (born Raden Ahmad Rahmatullah; 1401–1481) was one of the Javanese nine revered saints Wali Songo, credited for the spread Islam in Java. According to local history around Demak the mosque of Demak Masjid Agung Demak was built by ...
), Kung-ta-bu-mi was willing to acknowledge Jin Bun as a son, and formalized his position as regent at Bing-to-lo (Chinese spelling for Bintoro).
Demak and Majapahit conflicts during the Raden Patah period
The version of the War between
Demak
Demak is on the north coast of Central Java province, on the island of Java, Indonesia.
* Demak, Demak, modern-day large town
* Demak Sultanate, sixteenth century sultanate
* Demak Regency
Demak ( jv, ꦢꦼꦩꦏ꧀) is a regency located in t ...
and
Majapahit
Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was ba ...
is reported in the ''babad and serat'' manuscripts, especially
Babad Tanah Jawi
''Babad Tanah Jawi'' ( jv, ꦧꦧꦢ꧀ꦠꦤꦃꦗꦮꦶ, "History of the land of Java"), is a generic title for many manuscripts written in the Javanese language. Their arrangements and details vary, and no copies of any of the manuscripts are o ...
and Serat Kanda. It is said that
Sunan Ampel
Sunan Ampel (born Raden Ahmad Rahmatullah; 1401–1481) was one of the Javanese nine revered saints Wali Songo, credited for the spread Islam in Java. According to local history around Demak the mosque of Demak Masjid Agung Demak was built by ...
forbid Raden Patah to rebel against
Majapahit
Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was ba ...
because despite his different religions, was still Raden Patah's father. However, after the death of Sunan Ampel, Raden Patah continued to attack Majapahit. Brawijaya
moksa
''Moksha'' (; sa, मोक्ष, '), also called ''vimoksha'', ''vimukti'' and ''mukti'', is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, enlightenment, liberation, and release. In its soteriologica ...
in the attack. In order to neutralize the influence of the old religion,
Sunan Giri
Sunan Giri (also called Raden Paku or Joko Samudro), Muhammad Ainul Yakin (born 1442 CE in Blambangan (now Banyuwangi) is considered one of the Wali Sanga (revered saints of Islam) of Indonesia.
History
He was the son of Dewi Sekardadu and ...
occupied the Majapahit throne for 40 days.
The Chinese chronicle of the
Sam Poo Kong
Sam Poo Kong (), also known as Gedung Batu Temple, is the oldest Chinese temple in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Originally established by the Chinese Muslim explorer Zheng He (also known as Sanbao), it is now shared by Indonesians of multip ...
temple also reports the war between Jin Bun and Kung-ta-bu-mi in 1478. The war took place after the death of Bong Swi Hoo (aka
Sunan Ampel
Sunan Ampel (born Raden Ahmad Rahmatullah; 1401–1481) was one of the Javanese nine revered saints Wali Songo, credited for the spread Islam in Java. According to local history around Demak the mosque of Demak Masjid Agung Demak was built by ...
). Jin Bun stormed the capital of
Majapahit
Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was ba ...
. was arrested and honorably transferred to
Demak
Demak is on the north coast of Central Java province, on the island of Java, Indonesia.
* Demak, Demak, modern-day large town
* Demak Sultanate, sixteenth century sultanate
* Demak Regency
Demak ( jv, ꦢꦼꦩꦏ꧀) is a regency located in t ...
. Since then, Majapahit has been subordinate to Demak, led by a
Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...
Muslim
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
named Nyoo Lay Wa as the
regent
A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...
.
Prof.'s Dr. N. J. Krom in the book "Javaansche Geschiedenis" and
Prof. Moh. Yamin in the book "Gajah Mada" said that it was not Demak who attacked Majapahit during the time of King Brawijaya V, but was King
Girindrawardhana
Prabhu Natha Girindrawardhana Dyah Ranawijaya (born Ranawijaya) was the ruler of the Majapahit Empire between 1474 and 1498. He is referred in a Jiyu inscription as , which means ruler of Majapahit, Janggala and Kediri, and as Pa Bu Ta La in ...
. Then after Girindrawardhana's attack on Majapahit in 1478 AD, Girindrawardhana then appointed himself king of Majapahit with the title of King Brawijaya VI, Girindrawardhana's power was not that long, because his
Patih
Vicegerent is the official administrative deputy of a ruler or head of state: ''vice'' (Latin for "in place of") and ''gerere'' (Latin for "to carry on, conduct").
In Oxford colleges, a vicegerent is often someone appointed by the Master of a c ...
staged a coup and appointed himself as King . The war between Demak and Majapahit occurred during the reign of King Brawijaya VII, not during the time of Raden Fatah and Prabu Brawijaya V.
In 1485 Nyoo Lay Wa died because of an indigenous rebellion. So, Jin Bun appointed a native as the new regent named Pa-bu-ta-la, who is also Kung-ta-bu-mi's son-in-law.
This Pa-bu-ta-la figure is identical to Prabu aka Dyah Ranawijaya who published the Jiyu inscription in 1486 and claimed to be the ruler of
Majapahit
Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was ba ...
,
Janggala
The Kingdom of Janggala is one of the two Javanese kingdoms that was formed when Airlangga abdicated his throne in favour of his two sons in 1045. The other Kingdom was Kediri. The Kingdom of Janggala comprised the northeastern part of the King ...
and
Kadiri
Kadiri is a major city in Sri Sathya Sai District the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a ''Special Grade'' Municipal City Council and headquarters of Kadiri Mandal and Kadiri Revenue Division. Kadiri Taluka ('Tehsil') was the largest taluk ...
.
In addition, also issued a Petak inscription which tells the story of the war against Majapahit. This inscription gave birth to an opinion that Majapahit collapsed in 1478 not because of the attack from the
Demak Sultanate
The Demak Sultanate (کسلطانن دمق) was a Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present-day city of Demak. A port fief to the Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit kingdom thought to have been founded in ...
, but because of the attack by the
Girindrawardhana
Prabhu Natha Girindrawardhana Dyah Ranawijaya (born Ranawijaya) was the ruler of the Majapahit Empire between 1474 and 1498. He is referred in a Jiyu inscription as , which means ruler of Majapahit, Janggala and Kediri, and as Pa Bu Ta La in ...
family.
Administration
Whether Raden Patah ever attacked
Majapahit
Majapahit ( jv, ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀; ), also known as Wilwatikta ( jv, ꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦮꦠꦶꦏ꧀ꦠ; ), was a Javanese people, Javanese Hinduism, Hindu-Buddhism, Buddhist thalassocracy, thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia that was ba ...
or not, he is said to be the first king of the
Sultanate of Demak
The Demak Sultanate (کسلطانن دمق) was a Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present-day city of Demak. A port fief to the Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit kingdom thought to have been founded ...
. According to
Babad Tanah Jawi
''Babad Tanah Jawi'' ( jv, ꦧꦧꦢ꧀ꦠꦤꦃꦗꦮꦶ, "History of the land of Java"), is a generic title for many manuscripts written in the Javanese language. Their arrangements and details vary, and no copies of any of the manuscripts are o ...
, he has the title
Senapati
Senapati (Sanskrit: सेनापति; ''sena-'' meaning "army", ''-pati'' meaning "lord") is a title in ancient India denoting the rank of military commander or general of the army.
It was a hereditary title of nobility used in the Marath ...
Jimbun Ningrat Ngabdurahman Panembahan
Palembang
Palembang () is the capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sumatra. The city proper covers on both banks of the Musi River on the eastern lowland of southern Sumatra. It had a population of 1,668,848 at the 2020 Census. Palembang ...
Sayidin Panatagama, while according to ''Serat Pranitiradya'', he has the title Sultan Syah Alam Akbar, and in
Hikayat Banjar
The Hikayat Banjar (حكاية بنجر) is the chronicle of Banjarmasin, Indonesia. This text, also called the History of Lambung Mangkurat, contains the history of the kings of Banjar and of Kotawaringin in southeast and south Borneo respectivel ...
it is called Sultan Surya Alam.
The name Patah itself comes from the word al-Fatah, which means "The Opening", because he was indeed the opening of the first
sultanate
This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continui ...
on the
island of Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's most ...
.
In 1479, Raden Patah inaugurated the
Great Mosque of Demak as the center of government. He also introduced the use of the ''Salokantara'' as a royal statute book. Raden Patah was very tolerant of other faiths. The
Sam Poo Kong
Sam Poo Kong (), also known as Gedung Batu Temple, is the oldest Chinese temple in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Originally established by the Chinese Muslim explorer Zheng He (also known as Sanbao), it is now shared by Indonesians of multip ...
Temple in
Semarang
Semarang ( jv, ꦏꦸꦛꦯꦼꦩꦫꦁ , Pegon: سماراڠ) is the capital and largest city of Central Java province in Indonesia. It was a major port during the Dutch colonial era, and is still an important regional center and port today. ...
was not forced back into a mosque, as it was when it was founded by the
Muslim
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
Admiral
Cheng Ho
Zheng He (; 1371–1433 or 1435) was a Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, fleet admiral, and court eunuch during China's early Ming dynasty. He was originally born as Ma He in a Muslim family and later adopted the surname Zheng conferred ...
.
Tome Pires
A tome or codex is a large book, especially one volume of a multi-volume scholarly work.
Tome may also refer to:
Places
* Tome, Miyagi, city in Japan (formerly Tome District)
*Tome, New Mexico, an unincorporated community and census-designated ...
in
Suma Oriental
Suma may refer to:
Places
* Suma, Azerbaijan, a village
* Suma, East Azerbaijan, a village in Iran
* Sowmaeh, Ardabil, also known as Şūmā, a village in Iran
* Suma-ku, Kobe, one of nine wards of Kobe City in Japan
** Suma Station, a rai ...
reported that in 1507 Pate Rodin alias Raden Patah inaugurated the newly renovated Demak Grand Mosque. Then in 1512 his son-in-law, , the
regent
A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...
of
Jepara
Jepara is a town in the province of Central Java, Indonesia.
Jepara is on the north coast of Java, north-east of Semarang, not far from Mount Muria, with a population of 92,967 in mid 2019. It is also the main town of Jepara Regency, which has a p ...
, attacked the
Portuguese
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods
** Portuguese language, a Romance language
*** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language
** Portu ...
in
Malacca
Malacca ( ms, Melaka) is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca. Its capital is Malacca City, dubbed the Historic City, which has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site si ...
.
The character is synonymous with Yat Sun in the Chinese chronicle which is reported to have attacked foreigners in Moa-lok-sa in 1512. The difference is, Pate Unus is Pate Rodin's son-in-law, while Yat Sun is the son of Jin Bun. Both reports, both from Portuguese and Chinese sources, both mention that the fleet that
Demak
Demak is on the north coast of Central Java province, on the island of Java, Indonesia.
* Demak, Demak, modern-day large town
* Demak Sultanate, sixteenth century sultanate
* Demak Regency
Demak ( jv, ꦢꦼꦩꦏ꧀) is a regency located in t ...
commanded was destroyed in this battle.
According to Chinese chronicles, Jin Bun aka Raden Patah died in 1518 at the age of 63. He was replaced by Yat Sun as the next king, who in
Babad Tanah Jawi
''Babad Tanah Jawi'' ( jv, ꦧꦧꦢ꧀ꦠꦤꦃꦗꦮꦶ, "History of the land of Java"), is a generic title for many manuscripts written in the Javanese language. Their arrangements and details vary, and no copies of any of the manuscripts are o ...
had the title .
References
*
Andjar Any. 1989. ''Rahasia Ramalan Jayabaya, Ranggawarsita & Sabdopalon''. Semarang: Aneka Ilmu
* ''Babad Majapahit dan Para Wali (Jilid 3)''. 1989. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Proyek Penerbitan Buku Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah
* ''
Babad Tanah Jawi
''Babad Tanah Jawi'' ( jv, ꦧꦧꦢ꧀ꦠꦤꦃꦗꦮꦶ, "History of the land of Java"), is a generic title for many manuscripts written in the Javanese language. Their arrangements and details vary, and no copies of any of the manuscripts are o ...
''. 2007. (terj.). Yogyakarta: Narasi
*
de Graaf, H. J. dan T. H.
Pigeaud. 2001. ''Kerajaan Islam Pertama di Jawa''. Terj. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Graffiti
Manaqib Singkat Sultan Abdul Fatah Al Akbar Sayyidin Pranotogomo* Moedjianto. 1987. ''Konsep Kekuasaan Jawa: Penerapannya oleh Raja-raja Mataram''. Yogyakarta: Kanisius
* Poesponegoro & Notosusanto (ed.). 1990. ''Sejarah Nasional Indonesia Jilid II''. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
*
Slamet Muljana Slamet is an Indonesian name that may refer to
;Given name
*Slamet Abdul Sjukur (1935–2015), Indonesian composer
* Slamet Gundono (1966–2014), Indonesian puppeteer and artist
* Slamet Nurcahyono (born 1983), Indonesian footballer
* Slamet Rahard ...
. 2005. ''Runtuhnya Kerajaan Hindu-Jawa dan Timbulnya Negara-Negara Islam di Nusantara'' (terbitan ulang 1968). Yogyakarta: LKIS
*
Ricklefs, M. C., ''A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1200'', Palgrave MacMillan, New York, 2008 (terbitan ke-4),
* Yuliadi Soekardi. 2002. ''Nalusur Sejarahe Sunan Gunungjati''. Dalam Majalah
Panjebar Semangat Edisi 23-27. Surabaya.
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Patah, Raden
Sultans
Javanese monarchs
Indonesian people of Chinese descent
1455 births
1518 deaths
15th-century Indonesian people
16th-century Indonesian people