In
molecular biology
Molecular biology is the branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. The study of chemical and physi ...
, a RING (short for Really Interesting New Gene) finger domain is a protein
structural domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of s ...
of
zinc finger
A zinc finger is a small protein structural motif that is characterized by the coordination of one or more zinc ions (Zn2+) in order to stabilize the fold. It was originally coined to describe the finger-like appearance of a hypothesized struct ...
type which contains a C
3HC
4 amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the alpha-amino acids, which comprise proteins. Only 22 alpha am ...
motif which binds two
zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. Zinc is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a shiny-greyish appearance when oxidation is removed. It is the first element in group 12 (IIB) of the periodi ...
cations (seven
cysteine
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C; ) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula . The thiol side chain in cysteine often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile.
When present as a deprotonated catalytic residue, sometime ...
s and one
histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the de ...
arranged non-consecutively).
This protein domain contains 40 to 60 amino acids. Many proteins containing a RING finger play a key role in the
ubiquitination
Ubiquitin is a small (8.6 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e., it is found ''ubiquitously''. It was discovered in 1975 by Gideon Goldstein and further characterized throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. Fo ...
pathway.
Zinc fingers
Zinc finger (Znf)
domains are relatively small
protein motif
In a chain-like biological molecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, a structural motif is a common three-dimensional structure that appears in a variety of different, evolutionarily unrelated molecules. A structural motif does not have t ...
s that bind one or more zinc atoms, and which usually contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. They bind
DNA,
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...
, protein and/or
lipid
Lipids are a broad group of naturally-occurring molecules which includes fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others. The functions of lipids include ...
substrates.
Their binding properties depend on the amino acid sequence of the finger domains and of the linker between fingers, as well as on the higher-order structures and the number of fingers. Znf domains are often found in clusters, where fingers can have different binding specificities. There are many superfamilies of Znf motifs, varying in both sequence and structure.
They display considerable versatility in binding modes, even between members of the same class (e.g. some bind DNA, others protein), suggesting that Znf motifs are stable scaffolds that have evolved specialised functions. For example, Znf-containing proteins function in
gene transcription
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. The segments of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins are said to produce messenger RNA (mRNA). Other segments of DNA are copied into RNA molecules calle ...
, translation, mRNA trafficking,
cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and archaea. In eukaryotes, it extends from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane and is compos ...
organisation, epithelial development,
cell adhesion
Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface. This process can occur either through direct contact between cell surfaces such as cell junctions or indir ...
,
protein folding
Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein chain is translated to its native three-dimensional structure, typically a "folded" conformation by which the protein becomes biologically functional. Via an expeditious and reproduci ...
, chromatin remodelling and zinc sensing.
Zinc-binding motifs are stable structures, and they rarely undergo conformational changes upon binding their target.
Some Zn finger domains have diverged such that they still maintain their core structure, but have lost their ability to bind zinc, using other means such as salt bridges or binding to other metals to stabilise the finger-like folds.
Function
Many RING finger domains simultaneously bind
ubiquitin
Ubiquitin is a small (8.6 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e., it is found ''ubiquitously''. It was discovered in 1975 by Gideon Goldstein and further characterized throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. Fo ...
ation enzymes and their substrates and hence function as
ligase
In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the larger molecules or the enzym ...
s. Ubiquitination in turn targets the substrate protein for degradation.
Structure
The RING finger domain has the consensus sequence C-X
2-C-X
-39/sub>-C-X -3/sub>-H-X -3/sub>-C-X2-C-X -48/sub>-C-X2-C.
where:
* C is a conserved cysteine
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C; ) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula . The thiol side chain in cysteine often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile.
When present as a deprotonated catalytic residue, sometime ...
residue involved zinc coordination,
* H is a conserved histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the de ...
involved in zinc coordination,
* Zn is zinc atom, and
* X is any amino acid residue.
The following is a schematic representation of the structure of the RING finger domain:
x x x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
C C C C
x \ / x x \ / x
x Zn x x Zn x
C / \ H C / \ C
x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Examples
Examples of human gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
s which encode proteins containing a RING finger domain include:
AMFR, BBAP, BFAR, BIRC2
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (also known as cIAP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BIRC2'' gene.
Function
cIAP1 is a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis family that inhibit apoptosis by interfering with the acti ...
, BIRC3
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein3 (also known as cIAP2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BIRC3'' gene.
cIAP2 is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family that inhibit apoptosis by interfering with the activation of casp ...
, BIRC7
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BIRC7'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) and contains a single copy of a baculo ...
, BIRC8, BMI1
Polycomb complex protein BMI-1 also known as polycomb group RING finger protein 4 (PCGF4) or RING finger protein 51 (RNF51) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BMI1'' gene ( B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration ...
, BRAP, BRCA1
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BRCA1'' () gene. Orthologs are common in other vertebrate species, whereas invertebrate genomes may encode a more distantly related gene. ''BRCA1'' is a h ...
, CBL, CBLB, CBLC
Signal transduction protein CBL-C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CBLC'' gene.
CBL proteins, such as CBLC, are phosphorylated upon activation of a variety of receptors that signal via protein tyrosine kinases. Through interactions ...
, CBLL1, CHFR
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHFR is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CHFR'' gene.
CHFR is recruited to sites of DNA damage and participates in the DNA damage response. CHFR has an important role in the survival of male premeiotic ge ...
, CNOT4
CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNOT4 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CCR4-Not complex, a global transcriptional regulator gene, regulator and deadenyla ...
, COMMD3, DTX1
Protein deltex-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DTX1'' gene.
Function
Studies in Drosophila have identified this gene as encoding a positive regulator of the notch signaling pathway. The human gene encodes a protein of unknown ...
, DTX2
Protein deltex-2 also known as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase DTX2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DTX2'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of h ...
, DTX3, DTX3L
Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 3L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DTX3L gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' o ...
, DTX4, DZIP3, HCGV, HLTF
Helicase-like transcription factor is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HLTF gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the SWI/SNF family. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transc ...
, HOIL-1
RanBP-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RBCK1'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is similar to mouse UIP28/UbcM4 interacting protein. Alternative splicing has been observed ...
, IRF2BP2 IRF may refer to:
General
*Impulse response function
*Information Retrieval Facility
*Initial Reaction Force or Internal Response Force
*Immediate Response Force
*Institute of Space Physics (Sweden), (Institutet för rymdfysik)
*Interferon Regulato ...
, LNX1
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LNX is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''LNX1'' gene.
Interactions
LNX1 has been shown to interact with NAGK, NUMB and PAFAH1B3
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit gamma is an enzym ...
, LNX2
Smolensk North Airport (russian: военный аэродром "Смоленск-Северный", "Smolensk North Military Aerodrome") is a decommissioned military airbase in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located 4 km north of the city of ...
, LONRF1, LONRF2, LONRF3, MARCH1, MARCH10, MARCH2
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCH2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MARCH2'' gene. It is a member of the MARCH family of E3 ligases, and plays an important role in the Protein turnover, turnover of membrane proteins. MARCH2 has been ...
, MARCH3, MARCH4, MARCH5
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCH5, also known as membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 5, is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ''MARCH5'' gene. It is localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane and has four transmembrane domains.
...
, MARCH6
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCH6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MARCH6'' gene.
Gene name error in Excel
Like the other MARCH and septin genes, care must be exercised when analyzing genetic data containing the MARCH6 gene i ...
, MARCH7
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCH7 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MARCH7'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''gener ...
, MARCH8, MARCH9, MDM2, MEX3A, MEX3B
RNA-binding protein MEX3B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MEX3B'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ...
, MEX3C, MEX3D
Mex-3 homolog D (C. elegans), also known as MEX3D, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MEX3D'' gene.
Function
MEX3D is an RNA binding protein that interacts with AU-rich elements of Bcl-2. Upon binding, MEX3D has a negative regulat ...
, MGRN1, MIB1, MID1
MID1 is a protein that belongs to the Tripartite motif family (TRIM) and is also known as TRIM18. The ''MID1'' gene is located on the short arm of the X chromosome and loss-of-function mutations in this gene are causative of the X-linked form of a ...
, MID2
Midline-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MID2'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and ...
, MKRN1, MKRN2, MKRN3
Makorin ring finger protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MKRN3 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING (C3HC4) zinc finger motif and several C3H zinc finger motifs. This gene is intronless and imprint ...
, MKRN4, MNAT1
CDK-activating kinase assembly factor MAT1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MNAT1'' gene.
Function
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in cell cycle control of eukaryotic cells, are phosphorylated and ...
, MYLIP
Myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein, also known as MYLIP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MYLIP'' gene.
MYLIP is also known as IDOL "Inducible Degrader of the LDL receptor" based on its involvement in cholesterol reg ...
, NFX1
Transcriptional repressor NF-X1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NFX1'' gene.
MHC class II gene expression is controlled primarily at the transcriptional level by transcription factors that bind to the X and Y boxes, two highly con ...
, NFX2, PCGF1
Polycomb group RING finger protein 1, PCGF1, also known as NSPC1 or RNF68 is a RING finger domain protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PCGF1'' gene.
PCGF1 is a component defining the non-canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1, polycomb repr ...
, PCGF2
Polycomb group RING finger protein 2, PCGF2, also known as MEL18 or RNF110, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PCGF2'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif. PCGF2 is a component of the canon ...
, PCGF3, PCGF4
Polycomb complex protein BMI-1 also known as polycomb group RING finger protein 4 (PCGF4) or RING finger protein 51 (RNF51) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BMI1'' gene (B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration si ...
, PCGF5
Polycomb group RING finger protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PCGF5'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''gene ...
, PCGF6
Polycomb group RING finger protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PCGF6'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif, which is most closely related to those of polycomb group (PcG) proteins RNF110/MEL- ...
, PDZRN3
PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PDZRN3'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meanin ...
, PDZRN4, PEX10
Peroxisome biogenesis factor 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PEX10'' gene. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Function
Peroxisome biogenesis factor 10 is involved in import o ...
, PHRF1, PJA1
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Praja1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PJA1'' gene.
Interactions
PJA1 has been shown to interact with UBE2D2
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UBE2D ...
, PJA2
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Praja2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PJA2'' gene.
Interactions
PJA2 has been shown to interact with UBE2D2
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UBE2D2 ...
, PML, PML-RAR, PXMP3
Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PEX2'' gene.
This gene encodes an integral peroxisomal membrane protein required for peroxisome biogenesis. The protein is thought to be involved in peroxisomal matri ...
, RAD18
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RAD18 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RAD18'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to S. cerevisiae DNA damage repair protein Rad18. Yeast Rad18 functions through interact ...
, RAG1
Recombination activating gene 1 also known as RAG-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAG1'' gene.
The RAG1 and RAG2 genes are largely conserved in humans. 55.99% and 55.98% of the encoded amino acids contain no reported variants, re ...
, RAPSN
43 kDa receptor-associated protein of the synapse (rapsyn) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAPSN'' gene.
Function
This protein belongs to a family of proteins that are receptor associated proteins of the synapse. It contains a ...
, RBCK1, RBX1
RING-box protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RBX1'' gene.
Function
This gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein that interacts with cullins. The protein plays a unique role in the ubiquitination reaction by hetero ...
, RC3H1, RC3H2, RCHY1, RFP2, RFPL1, RFPL2
The Russian Premier League (RPL; russian: Российская премьер-лига; РПЛ), also written as Russian Premier Liga, is the top division professional association football league in Russia. It was established at the end of 2001 ...
, RFPL3, RFPL4B
Ret finger protein like 4B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFPL4B gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ...
, RFWD2
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RFWD2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RFWD2'' gene.
Interactions
RFWD2 has been shown to interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501 ...
, RFWD3, RING1, RNF2
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF2'' gene.
Polycomb group (PcG) of proteins form the multiprotein complexes that are important for the transcription repression of various genes involved in deve ...
, RNF4
RING finger protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF4'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger domain and acts as a transcription factor. This protein has been shown to interact with, and inhibit the ac ...
, RNF5
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF5'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, which is a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. This protein ...
, RNF6, RNF7
RING-box protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF7'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a highly conserved ring finger protein. It is an essential subunit of SKP1-cullin/CDC53-F box protein ubiquitin ligases, which are ...
, RNF8
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF8'' gene. RNF8 has activity both in immune system functions and in DNA repair.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif and an ...
, RNF10
RING finger protein 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF10'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene contains a ring finger motif
In molecular biology, a RING (short for Really Interesting New Gene) finger domain i ...
, RNF11
RING finger protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF11'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING-H2 finger motif, which is known to be important for protein-protein interactions. The expression of ...
, RNF12
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RLIM is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RLIM'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a RING-H2 zinc finger protein. It has been shown to be a ubiquitin protein ligase that targets LIM domai ...
, RNF13, RNF14
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF14'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING zinc finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. This protein i ...
, RNF19A
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF19A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF19A'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene contains two RING-finger motifs and an IBR (in between RING fingers) motif. This protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase ...
, RNF20
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF20'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with BRE1 of S. cerevisiae. Yeast BRE1 is a ubiquitin ligase required for the ubiquitination of his ...
, RNF24
Ring finger protein 24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF24'' gene.
RNF24 binds TRPC6 (603652) and other transient receptor potential cation channel (TRPC) family members and is involved in regulation of intracellular traffickin ...
, RNF25
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF25 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF25'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif. The mouse counterpart of this protein has been shown to interact with Rela, ...
, RNF26
Ring finger protein 26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF26 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this intronless gene contains a C3HC5 type of RING finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-DNA and protein-protein i ...
, RNF32
RING finger protein 32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF32'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene contains two RING ring finger motifs. RING finger motifs are present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and are know ...
, RNF38
RING finger protein 38 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF38'' gene.
This gene encodes a protein with a coiled-coil motif and a RING-H2 motif (C3H2C2) at its carboxy-terminus. The RING motif is a zinc-binding domain found in a lar ...
, RNF39
RING finger protein 39 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF39'' gene.
This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6. Studies of a similar rat protein suggest that this gene encodes a pro ...
, RNF40
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF40'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Thi ...
, RNF41
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NRDP1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF41'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be inv ...
, RNF43
Ring finger protein 43 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF43 gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''bir ...
, RNF44, RNF55, RNF71, RNF103, RNF111, RNF113A Ring Finger Protein 113A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF113A gene. It is found in humans on the X Chromosome. RNF113A contains two highly conserved domains, the RING (Really Interesting New Gene) finger domain and Zinc finger doma ...
, RNF113B, RNF121, RNF122
RING finger protein 122 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF122 gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''bi ...
, RNF123
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF123 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF123'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in ...
, RNF125
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF125 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF125'' gene.
This gene encodes a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase that contains an N-terminal RING finger domain. The encoded protein may function as a positive regula ...
, RNF126, RNF128, RNF130
RING finger protein 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF13'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or '' ...
, RNF133, RNF135
RING finger protein 135 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF135'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger domain, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in prot ...
, RNF138, RNF139
RING finger protein 139, also known as TRC8, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF139'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a multi-membrane spanning protein containing a RING-H2 finger. This protein is located in the endoplas ...
, RNF141, RNF144A
RNF144A is an E3 ubiquitin ligase belonging to the RING-between RING (RBR) family of ubiquitin ligases, whose specific members have been shown to function as RING-HECT hybrid E3 ligases. RNF144A is most closely related to RNF144B at the protein le ...
, RNF145, RNF146
RING finger protein 146 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF146'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ...
, RNF148, RNF149, RNF150, RNF151, RNF152, RNF157, RNF165, RNF166, RNF167, RNF168, RNF169, RNF170, RNF175, RNF180, RNF181, RNF182, RNF185, RNF207, RNF213
Ring finger protein 213 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF213'' gene. RNF213 is a 591kDa cytosolic E3 Ubiquitin-ligase with RING finger and AAA+ ATPase domains.
Clinical relevance
Chromosome-wide linkage analysis found that moya ...
, RNF215, RNFT1, SH3MD4, SH3RF1
Putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SH3RF1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SH3RF1'' gene.
Function
This gene encodes a protein containing an N-terminus RING-finger, four SH3 domains, and a region implicated in binding of the Rh ...
, SH3RF2, SYVN1
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase synoviolin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SYVN1'' gene.
Function
This gene encodes a protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation. The encoded protein removes unfolded protei ...
, TIF1, TMEM118, TOPORS, TRAF2
TNF receptor-associated factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRAF2'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins associate with, an ...
, TRAF3
TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRAF3 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins associate with, ...
, TRAF4
TNF receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) also known as RING finger protein 83 (RNF83) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRAF4'' gene.
TRAF4 is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) family, a family of scaffold protein ...
, TRAF5
TNF receptor-associated factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRAF5'' gene.
Function
The scaffold protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) protein family and con ...
, TRAF6
TRAF6 is a TRAF human protein.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins are associated with, and mediate signal transduction from members of the TNF recept ...
, TRAF7, TRAIP
TRAF-interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRAIP'' gene.
This gene encodes a protein that contains an N-terminal RING finger motif and a putative coiled-coil domain. A similar murine protein interacts with TNFR-associ ...
, TRIM2
Trim or TRIM may refer to:
Cutting
* Cutting or trimming small pieces off something to remove them
** Book trimming, a stage of the publishing process
** Pruning, trimming as a form of pruning often used on trees
Decoration
* Trim (sewing), or ...
, TRIM3
Tripartite motif-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM3'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, also called the 'RING-B-box-coiled-coil' (RBCC) subgroup of RIN ...
, TRIM4, TRIM5
Tripartite motif-containing protein 5 also known as RING finger protein 88 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM5'' gene. The alpha isoform of this protein, TRIM5α, is a retrovirus restriction factor, which mediates a species-specif ...
, TRIM6
Tripartite motif-containing protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM6'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, ...
, TRIM7, TRIM8, TRIM9
Tripartite motif-containing protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM9'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a ...
, TRIM10
Midline-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MID2'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and ...
, TRIM11
Tripartite motif-containing protein 11 is a protein found in humans that is encoded by the ''TRIM11'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a ...
, TRIM13, TRIM15
Tripartite motif-containing protein 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM15'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''g ...
, TRIM17, TRIM21
Tripartite motif-containing protein 21, also known as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM21'' gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been described but the full-length ...
, TRIM22
Tripartite motif-containing 22, also known as TRIM22, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM22'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three z ...
, TRIM23, TRIM24
Tripartite motif-containing 24 (TRIM24) also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1α (TIF1α) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ''TRIM24'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene mediates transcriptional control b ...
, TRIM25
Tripartite motif-containing protein 25 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM25'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family grouping more than 70 TRIMs. TRIM proteins primari ...
, TRIM26
Trim or TRIM may refer to:
Cutting
* Cutting or trimming small pieces off something to remove them
** Book trimming, a stage of the publishing process
** Pruning, trimming as a form of pruning often used on trees
Decoration
* Trim (sewing), or ...
, TRIM27
Zinc finger protein RFP is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM27'' gene.
This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2 ...
, TRIM28
Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28), also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1β (TIF1β) and KAP1 (KRAB-associated protein-1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM28'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this ge ...
, TRIM31
Tripartite motif-containing protein 31 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM31'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, ...
, TRIM32
Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM32'' gene. Since its discovery in 1995, TRIM32 has been shown to be implicated in a number of diverse biological pathways.
Structure
The protein encoded ...
, TRIM33
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33, also known as (ectodermin homolog and tripartite motif-containing 33) is a protein encoded in the human by the gene ''TRIM33'', a member of the tripartite motif family.
TRIM33 is thought to be a transcriptiona ...
, TRIM34, TRIM35, TRIM36, TRIM38
Tripartite motif containing 38 is a protein that in Human, humans is encoded by the TRIM38 gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the Tripartite motif family, tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The encoded protein contains a RING-type zinc ...
, TRIM39, TRIM40, TRIM41
Tripartite motif-containing protein 41 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM41'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''g ...
, TRIM42, TRIM43, TRIM45
tripartite motif containing 45, also known as TRIM45, is a human gene.
This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif family The tripartite motif family (TRIM) is a protein family.
Function
Many TRIM proteins are induced by interferons, whi ...
, TRIM46, TRIM47, TRIM48, TRIM49, TRIM50
Tripartite motif-containing 50, also known as TRIM50, is a human gene. TRIM50 encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, also called the 'RING-B-box-coiled-coil' (RBCC) subg ...
, TRIM52 TRIM52, also known as RNF102, is a protein in the tripartite motif family. In humans, it is encoded by the gene of the same name. Knockdown of this gene induces apoptosis. This gene's overexpression has been implicated in multiple types of cancer i ...
, TRIM54, TRIM55
Tripartite motif-containing protein 55 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM55'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING zinc finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. This protein associ ...
, TRIM56, TRIM58, TRIM59, TRIM60
Tripartite motif-containing protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM6'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, ...
, TRIM61, TRIM62
TRIM62, also called DEAR1 (for ductal epithelium–associated RING chromosome 1), is a protein in the tripartite motif family. In human it is encoded by the gene ''TRIM62''. ''TRIM62'' is involved in the morphogenesis of the mammary gland, and loss ...
, TRIM63
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM63, also known as "MuRF1" (Muscle Ring-Finger Protein-1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIM63'' gene.
This gene encodes a member of the RING zinc finger protein family found in striated muscle a ...
, TRIM65, TRIM67, TRIM68, TRIM69
Tripartite motif containing 69 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM69 gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation' ...
, TRIM71, TRIM72, TRIM73, TRIM74, TRIML1, TTC3
Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TTC3'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''genera ...
, UHRF1
Ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains, 1, also known as UHRF1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''UHRF1'' gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of RING finger domain, RING-finger type E3 ubiqui ...
, UHRF2, VPS11
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VPS11'' gene.
Function
Vesicle mediated protein sorting plays an important role in segregation of intracellular molecules into distinct orga ...
, VPS8, ZNF179, ZNF294, ZNF313, ZNF364
RING finger protein 115 is a protein, that in humans, is encoded by the ''RNF115'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' ...
, ZNF451
Zinc finger protein 451 is a novel nuclear protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ZNF451'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''g ...
, ZNF650, ZNFB7, ZNRF1
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ZNRF1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ZNRF1'' gene.
In a study identifying genes in rat that are upregulated in response to nerve damage, a gene which is highly expressed in ganglia and in the central ...
, ZNRF2, ZNRF3, ZNRF4, and ZSWIM2.
References
External links
*
{{InterPro content, IPR001841
Protein structural motifs
RING finger proteins