Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''RACGAP1''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Function
Rho GTPases control a variety of cellular processes. There are 3 subtypes of Rho GTPases in the Ras superfamily of small G proteins: RHO (see MIM 165370), RAC (see
RAC1; MIM 602048), and CDC42 (MIM 116952). GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) bind activated forms of Rho GTPases and stimulate GTP hydrolysis. Through this catalytic function, Rho GAPs negatively regulate Rho-mediated signals. GAPs may also serve as effector molecules and play a role in signaling downstream of Rho and other Ras-like GTPases.
upplied by OMIM Over-expression of RACGAP1 is observed in multiple human cancers including breast cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Evidence show that RACGAP1 can modulate mitochondrial quality control by stimulating mitopahy and mitochondrial biogenesis in breast cancer. Knocking out RACGAP1 in vitro using CRISPR/Cas9 leads to cytokinesis failure.
Interactions
RACGAP1 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with ECT2,
Rnd2
Rnd2 is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (to be specific, a GTPase), and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RND2.
Function
It contributes to regulating the organization of the actin cy ...
and
SLC26A8
Testis anion transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC26A8'' gene.
Function
This gene is one member of a family of sulfate/anion transporter genes. Family members are well conserved in their genomic (number and size of ...
.
During cytokinesis, RACGAP1 has been shown to interact with
KIF23
Kinesin-like protein KIF23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''KIF23'' gene.
Function
In cell division
KIF23 (also known as Kinesin-6, CHO1/MKLP1, C. elegans ZEN-4 and Drosophila Pavarotti) is a member of kinesin-like protein f ...
to form the
centralspindlin Centralspindlin is a motor complex implicated in cell division. It contributes to virtually every step in cytokinesis,Glotzer, Michael"Cytokinesis: Centralspindlin Moonlights as a Membrane Anchor" ''Current Biology'', 18 February 2013 It is highly c ...
complex.
This complex is essential for the formation of the central spindle. RACGAP1 also interacts with
PRC1
Protein Regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PRC1'' gene and is involved in cytokinesis.
Function
PRC1 protein is expressed at relatively high levels during S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle before ...
to stabilize and maintain the central spindle as anaphase proceeds. RACGAP1 can also interact with ECT2 during anaphase of cytokinesis, loss of RACGAP1 leads to cytokinesis failure.
References
Further reading
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