Pseudocardinals, quasi-cardinals or anticardinals were the uncanonical
Cardinal
Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to:
Animals
* Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds
**''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae
**''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...
s created by six of the
Antipope
An antipope ( la, antipapa) is a person who makes a significant and substantial attempt to occupy the position of Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church in opposition to the legitimately elected pope. At times between the 3rd and mid- ...
s, in or rival to Rome, including two of
Avignon Papacy
The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon – at the time within the Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles, Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire; now part of France – rather than i ...
and one of
Pisa
Pisa ( , or ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower, the cit ...
, as princes of their schismatic government of the
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
.
Status
Their state, like the state of the antipopes and the anti-bishops these appointed/created, is disputed. Many pseudocardinals were created during the controversy between the
Holy See
The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome ...
and the
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution i ...
during the
Western Schism
The Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, the Vatican Standoff, the Great Occidental Schism, or the Schism of 1378 (), was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which bishops residing in Rome and Avignon bo ...
, and some of the cardinals switched their obedience. The legitimacy of the Popes of the different obediences during the Western Schism was not a clear matter for their contemporaries. The terms ''antipope'', ''pseudocardinal'' and ''anticardinal'' were not used at that time, but they are now used by some modern Roman Catholic historians.
Creations by Antipopes
The following Antipopes created pseudo-cardinals (''with status and age at time of creation in parenthesis when available'') :
In Rome
;'' Antipope Anacletus II (1130–1138) - 3 consistories, 8 pseudocardinals''
# Consistory of 1130.03.29 (3)
## Mr. Germano, Cardinal-Deacon
## Mr. Gregorio Otone, Cardinal-Deacon
## Father Pietro, O.S.B. Cas., Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1131
## Mr. Donato, Cardinal-Priest
## Mr. Anselmo, Cardinal-Priest
## Mr. Rainaldo, Cardinal-Deacon
## Mr. Matteo, Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1135.03.31 : only Fr. Benedetto, O.S.B. Cas., Cardinal-Priest
;'' Antipope Nicholas V (1328–1330) - 4 consistories, 9 pseudocardinals''
# Consistory of 1328.05.15
## Giacomo Alberti, Bishop emeritus of Castello, Cardinal-Bishop
## Bishop Franz Hermann, Cardinal-Bishop
## Bonifazio Donoratico, O.P., Bishop of Chersonissos, Cardinal-Bishop
## Bishop Nicola Fabriani, O.E.S.A., Cardinal-Priest
## Father Pietro Oringa, Cardinal-Priest
## Fr. Giovanni Arlotti, Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1328.09 : only Fr. Paolo da Viterbo, O.F.M., Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1329.01.19 : only Fr. Giovanni Visconti (38), Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1329 : only Pandolfo Capocci, Cardinal-Deacon
;'' Antipope Felix V (1439–1449) - 4 consistories, 23 pseudocardinals''
In Avignon
;'' Antipope Clement VII (1378–1394) - 12 consistories, 33 pseudocardinals''
# Consistory of 1378.12.18 (6)
## Giacomo d’Itri, Patriarch of Constantinople and Metropolitan Archbishop of Otranto (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
##
Niccolò Brancaccio
Niccolò Brancaccio (Brancas, in French) (c. 1335/1340 – 29 June 1412) was born in the Kingdom of Naples, perhaps in Naples itself. He was Archbishop of Bari and then Archbishop of Cosenza, while serving in the Roman Curia in Avignon. He became ...
(38), Metropolitan Archbishop of Cosenza (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
## Pierre Amiel de Sarcenas, O.S.B. Clun. (69), Metropolitan Archbishop of Embrun (France), Cardinal-Priest
## Pierre-Raymond de Barrière, C.R.S.A., Bishop of Autun (France), Cardinal-Priest
## Fr. Nicolas de Saint Saturnin, O.P., Master of the Sacred Palace of Prefecture of the Holy Apostolic Palaces, Cardinal-Priest
## Fr. Leonardo Rossi da Giffoni, O.F.M.,
Minister General
Minister General is the term used for the leader or Superior General of the different branches of the Order of Friars Minor. It is a term exclusive to them, and comes directly from its founder, St. Francis of Assisi. He chose this word over "Super ...
emeritus of Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans), Cardinal-Priest
# Consistory of 1381.03.19 : only Gautier Gómez de Luna, Bishop of Palencia (Spain)
# Consistory of 1382.05.30 : only Fr. Tommaso Clausse, O.P., Cardinal-Priest
# Consistory of 1383.12.23 :
## Pierre de Cros, O.S.B. Clun., Metropolitan Archbishop of Arles (France) and Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church of Reverend Apostolic Camera, Cardinal-Priest
## Faydit d’Aigrefeuille, O.S.B. Clun., Bishop of Avignon (France), Cardinal-Priest
## Aymery de Magnac, Bishop of Paris (France), Cardinal-Priest
## Fr. Jacques de Menthonay, Cardinal-Priest
## Fr.
Amedeo di Saluzzo Amedeo di Saluzzo (1361 – 28 June 1419) was a cardinal during the Western Schism. He was born as the second son of Frederick II, Marquess of Saluzzo and Beatrice of Geneva. He was nephew of Avignon Pope Clement VII on his mother's side.Mirand ...
(22), Bishop of Valence (France), Cardinal-Deacon
## Pierre Aycelin de Montaigut, O.S.B. Clun. (63), Bishop of Laon (France), Cardinal-Priest
##
Walter Wardlaw
Walter Wardlaw (died ) was a 14th-century bishop of Glasgow in Scotland.
Biography
Wardlaw was the son of a Sir Henry Wardlaw of Torry, a middling knight of Fife. Before becoming bishop, Walter was a canon of Glasgow, a Master of Theology and ...
(66), Bishop of Glasgow (Scotland), Cardinal-Priest
## Jean de Neufchatel (43), Bishop of Toul (France), Cardinal-Priest
## Fr. Pierre de Fetigny, Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1384.04.15 : only Fr.
Pierre de Luxembourg
Pierre de Luxembourg (20 July 1369 – 2 July 1387) was a French Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Metz, and as a cardinal of the Avignon Obedience from 1384 until his death.
Pierre was descended from nobles who secured his entrance i ...
(14), Bishop of Metz (France), Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1385.07.12 :
## Bertrand de Chanac, Patriarch of Jerusalem and Apostolic Administrator of Le Puy-en-Velay (France), Cardinal-Priest
## Fr. Tommaso Ammannati, Metropolitan Archbishop of Napoli (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
## Giovanni Piacentini, Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Patrasso and Apostolic Administrator emeritus of Castello, Cardinal-Priest
## Amaury de Lautrec, Bishop of Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges (France), Cardinal-Priest
## Jean de Murol (45), Bishop of Genève (Switzerland), Cardinal-Priest
## Jean Rolland, Bishop of Amiens (France), Cardinal-Priest
##
Jean Allarmet de Brogny
Jean-Allarmet de Brogny (1342 – 16 February 1426) was a French Cardinal.
Biography
He was born in the hamlet of Brogny, now part of Annecy-le-Vieux in Savoy.
Biographers are not agreed as to his parentage and real name. According to some, ...
(43), Bishop of Viviers (France), Cardinal-Priest
##
Pierre de Thury
Pierre de Thury (died 9 December 1410) was a French bishop and cardinal of the Avignon Obedience, who served as a royal secretary and Master of Requests, and then as papal Nuncio and Apostolic Legate on several occasions. He participated in two ...
, Bishop of Maillezais, Cardinal-Priest
# Consistory of 1387.01 : only Jerónimo de Aragón (45), Bishop of Valencia (Spain), Cardinal-Priest
# Consistory of 1389.11.03 : only Jean de Talaru, Metropolitan Archbishop of Lyon (France), Cardinal-Priest
# Consistory of 1390.07.21 : only Martin de Zalba (53), Bishop of Pamplona (Spain), Cardinal-Priest
# Consistory of 1390.10.17 (2)
## Jean Flandrin (89), Metropolitan Archbishop of Auch (France), Cardinal-Priest
## Pierre Girard, Bishop of Le Puy-en-Velay (France), Cardinal-Priest
# Consistory of 1391.04.17 : only Guillaume de Vergy (41), Metropolitan Archbishop of Besançon (France), Cardinal-Priest
# Consistory of 1394.01.23 : only
Pedro Fernández de Frías
Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ''Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter.
The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning ...
, Bishop of Osma (Spain), Cardinal-Priest
;'' Antipope Benedict XIII (1394–1423) - 7 consistories, 19 pseudocardinals''
# Consistory of 1395.12.24 : only Mr. Pierre Blain, Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1397.09.22
## Fernando Pérez Calvillo, Bishop of Tarazona (Spain), Cardinal-Priest
## Mr. Jofré de Boil, Cardinal-Deacon
## Pedro Serra, Bishop of Catania (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
# Consistory of 1397.12.21
## Berenguer de Anglesola, Bishop of Gerona (Spain), Cardinal-Priest
## Mr. Bonifacio Ammannati, Cardinal-Deacon
## Louis de Bar (27), Bishop-elect of Langres (France), Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1404.05.09
## Mr. Miguel de Zalba (30), Cardinal-Deacon
## Mr. Antonio de Challant (54), Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1408.09.22
## Pierre Ravat,
Canons Regular of Saint Augustine
Canons regular are priests who live in community under a rule ( and canon in greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by ...
(C.R.S.A.), Bishop of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières (France), Cardinal-Priest
## Jean d’Armagnac (58), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Auch (France), Cardinal-Priest
## Friar Juan Martínez de Murillo,
Cistercian Order
The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint B ...
(O. Cist.), Cardinal-Priest
## Fr. Carlos Jordán de Urriés y Pérez Salanova, Cardinal-Deacon
## Mr. Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz, Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1412.12.14 : only Mr. Pedro Fonseca, Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1423.05.22
## Fr.
Julián Lobera y Valtierra Julián is the Spanish equivalent of the name Julian. Notable people with the name include:
* Julián, Julián Cuesta, Spanish footballer
* Julián Orbón (1925–1991) Cuban composer
* Julián Carrón (1950) Spanish Catholic theologian
* Julián ...
, Cardinal-Priest
## Mr. Ximeno Dahe, Cardinal-Priest
## Fr. Domingo de Bonnefoi,
Carthusians
The Carthusians, also known as the Order of Carthusians ( la, Ordo Cartusiensis), are a Latin enclosed religious order of the Catholic Church. The order was founded by Bruno of Cologne in 1084 and includes both monks and nuns. The order has its ...
(O. Cart.), Cardinal-Priest
## Bishop
Jean Carrier
Benedict XIV was the name used by two closely related minor antipopes of the 15th century. The first, Bernard Garnier became antipope in 1424 and died c. 1429. The second, Jean Carrier, became antipope c. 1430 and apparently left office, whether ...
, Cardinal-Priest
In Pisa
;'' Antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) - 4 consistories, 18 pseudocardinals''
# Consistory of 1411.06.06
## Francesco Lando, Latin Patriarch of Constantinople and Latin Patriarch emeritus of Grado (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
## Antonio Panciera (61), Latin Patriarch of Aquileia (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
## Alamanno Adimari (49), Metropolitan Archbishop of Pisa (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
## João Afonso Esteves da Azambuja (71), Metropolitan Archbishop of Lisboa (Portugal), Cardinal-Priest
## Pierre d’Ailly (61), Bishop of Cambrai (France), Cardinal-Priest
## '' Georg von Liechtenstein-Nicolsburg (51), Bishop of Trento (Italy), declined is uncanonical promotion''
##
Tommaso Brancaccio
Tommaso Brancaccio (1621 – 29 April 1677) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Nardò (1669–1677) and Bishop of Avellino e Frigento (1656–1669). ''(in Latin)'' ''(in Latin)''Branda Castiglione (61), Bishop emeritus of Piacenza (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
## Archbishop Thomas Langley (48), Bishop of Durham (England), Cardinal-Priest
## Archbishop Robert Hallam, Bishop of Salisbury (England), Cardinal-Priest
## Gilles Deschamps (61), Bishop of Coutances (France), Cardinal-Priest
## Guglielmo Carbone, Bishop of Chieti (Italy), Cardinal-Priest
## Father Guillaume Fillastre (63), Cardinal-Priest
## Msgr. Lucido Conti, Cardinal-Deacon
## Francesco Zabarella (50), Bishop of Firenze (Italy), Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1413.04.13 : only Simon de Cramaud (68), Latin Patriarch of Alexandria, Metropolitan Archbishop of Reims (France) and Apostolic Administrator of Avignon (France), Cardinal-Priest
# Consistory of 1413.11.18 : only Fr. Giacomo Isolani (53), Cardinal-Deacon
# Consistory of 1414.09 : only Pierre de Foix, O.F.M. (28), Bishop of Lescar (France), Cardinal-Priest
{{Antipopes