''Quercus'' × ''crenata'', commonly known as Spanish oak, is a tree in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Fagaceae The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergre ...

. It is a hybrid between the European trees Turkey oak (''

Quercus cerris ''Quercus cerris'', the Turkey oak or Austrian oak, is an oak native to south-eastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is the type species of ''Quercus'' sect. ''Cerris'', a section of the genus characterised by shoot buds surrounded by soft bristle ...

'') and cork oak (''

Quercus suber ''Quercus suber'', commonly called the cork oak, is a medium-sized, evergreen oak tree in the section ''Quercus'' sect. ''Cerris''. It is the primary source of cork for wine bottle stoppers and other uses, such as cork flooring and as the cores ...

''). This hybrid has in the past often been called ''Quercus'' × ''hispanica'', a name that properly refers to presumed hybrids between Portuguese oak (''Quercus faginea'') and ''

''.

Distribution

Hybridisation occurs naturally in southwestern Europe where both parent species occur. The Lucombe oak

cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...

(''Q.'' × ''crenata'' 'Lucombeana') is frequently found in British collections. To be a true Lucombe oak, cultivars must be clones of the original hybrid arising in

William Lucombe William Lucombe (before 1720 – after 1785) was a horticulturalist and nurseryman, who discovered and gave his name to the natural hybrid Lucombe Oak ('' Quercus × hispanica'' 'Lucombeana'), a semi-deciduous oak tree. The Lucombe nursery William ...

's Exeter nursery. "Lucombeana' has received the

Royal Horticultural Society The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (Nort ...

Award of Garden Merit The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. History The Award of Garden Merit ...

Cultivation

A number of named

s are grown in

garden A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the cultivation, display, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The single feature identifying even the wildest wild garden is ''control''. The garden can incorporate both ...

park A park is an area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. Urban parks are urban green space, green spaces set aside for recreation inside t ...

arboreta An arboretum (plural: arboreta) in a general sense is a botanical collection composed exclusively of trees of a variety of species. Originally mostly created as a section in a larger garden or park for specimens of mostly non-local species, man ...

and botanical gardens.

Cultivars

* ''Quercus'' × ''crenata'' 'Lucombeana' ("Lucombe oak"), originally raised by

at his Exeter, UK nursery in 1762. An early Lucombe Oak is in

Kew Gardens Kew Gardens is a botanical garden, botanic garden in southwest London that houses the "largest and most diverse botany, botanical and mycology, mycological collections in the world". Founded in 1840, from the exotic garden at Kew Park, its li ...

arboretum, and is regarded as one of their 'heritage trees'. The

Tree Register of the British Isles The Tree Register, or more fully, the Tree Register of the British Isles (T.R.O.B.I.), is a registered charity collating and updating a database of notable trees throughout Britain and Ireland. It comprises a computer database which in 2022 conta ...

−TROBI Champion is at Phear Park in

Exmouth Exmouth is a harbor, port town, civil parishes in England, civil parish and seaside resort, sited on the east bank of the mouth of the River Exe and southeast of Exeter. In 2011 it had a population of 34,432, making Exmouth the List of town ...

, measuring in height, with a trunk diameter of in 2008. * ''Quercus'' × ''crenata'' 'Waasland' ("Waasland select oak"), leaves display an unusual slender, lobed shape. * ''Quercus'' × ''crenata'' 'Waginengen' ("Waginengen oak") * ''Quercus'' × ''crenata'' 'Fulhamensis' ("Fulham oak")

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quercus crenata crenata Trees of Europe Trees of Mediterranean climate Plants described in 1785 Plant nothospecies