Queluz () is a city within the
Sintra Municipality
Sintra (, ) is a town and municipality in the Greater Lisbon region of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The population of the municipality in 2011 was 377,835, in an area of . Sintra is one of the most urbanized and densely populated ...
, on the
Portuguese Riviera
The Portuguese Riviera (Portuguese: '' Riviera Portuguesa'') is a term used in the tourist industry for the affluent coastal region to the west of Lisbon, Portugal, centered on the coastal municipalities of Cascais (including Estoril), Oeiras ...
, in the
Lisbon metropolitan area
The Lisbon Metropolitan Area ( pt, Área Metropolitana de Lisboa; abbreviated as AML) is a metropolitan area in Portugal centered on Lisbon, the capital and largest city of the country. The metropolitan area, covering 18 municipalities is the l ...
of
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
. It is famed as the home of
Queluz National Palace
The Palace of Queluz ( pt, Palácio de Queluz, ) is an 18th-century palace located at Queluz, a city of the Sintra Municipality, in the Lisbon District, on the Portuguese Riviera. One of the last great Rococo buildings to be designed in Europ ...
, the 18th century pleasure palace of the
Portuguese Royal Family
The Most Serene House of Braganza ( pt, Sereníssima Casa de Bragança), also known as the Brigantine Dynasty (''Dinastia Brigantina''), is a dynasty of emperors, kings, princes, and dukes of Portuguese people, Portuguese origin which reigned in ...
, as well as notable institutions like the
Portuguese School of Equestrian Art. Queluz had a population 78,273 inhabitants in 2001.
History
![The Portuguese King Peter III as infante c,1745](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/The_Portuguese_King_Peter_III_as_infante_c%2C1745.jpg)
The origin of the name ''Queluz'' has been disputed over time. The prevailing thesis, by David Lim and José Pedro Machado, suggests that the name had its origin in the Arabic terms ''câ'' (for ''tight valley'') and ''Llûs'' (meaning ''almond''), affirming the suggestion that it was in ''The Valley of the Almond Tree''. However, another suggestion, has it as forming from the ''Mountain of Light'', Monte Abraão (the ''Mount of Abraham''), where worship of the sun was common.
Human occupation of theis area dates back to the
Late Neolithic
In the archaeology of Southwest Asia, the Late Neolithic, also known as the Ceramic Neolithic or Pottery Neolithic, is the final part of the Neolithic period, following on from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic and preceding the Chalcolithic. It is some ...
or early
Chalcolithic
The Copper Age, also called the Chalcolithic (; from grc-gre, χαλκός ''khalkós'', "copper" and ''líthos'', "stone") or (A)eneolithic (from Latin '' aeneus'' "of copper"), is an archaeological period characterized by regular ...
(between the third and fourth millennium B.C.), owing to the number of Neolithic monuments and vestiges from abandoned settlements unearthed by archeologists.
These earliest date established to this settlement was 4200 B.C., followed by comparable settlements in 2000 B.C. (in what today is the civil parish of
Massamá).
In the year 1147, when
Afonso I of Portugal
Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' ( Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French in ...
forces
conquered the city of Lisbon, a similar campaign within the Sintra mountains effectively captures the heath of Queluz, bringing the lands under Christian control.
From the first century until the 18th century, the region was primarily agrarian, occupied by homes, farms and few estates established by the clergy and/or nobility.
In the 18th century,
Infante
''Infante'' (, ; f. ''infanta''), also anglicised as Infant or translated as Prince, is the title and rank given in the Iberian kingdoms of Spain (including the predecessor kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, Navarre, and León) and Portugal to th ...
Pedro of
Braganza (future King
Pedro III of Portugal), in his capacity as Lord of the
House of the Infantado
The House of the Infantado ( Portuguese: ''Casa do Infantado'') was an appanage for the second eldest son of the Portuguese monarch.
History
The House of the Infantado was created in 1654 by King John IV of Portugal from properties and riches ...
, acquired an estate in Queluz, previously belonging to the
Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo
Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo ( pt, Marquês de Castelo Rodrigo) was a title of Portuguese nobility created by Philip II of Portugal on January 29, 1600 for Dom Cristóvão de Moura, 1st Count of Castelo Rodrigo. The Moura family claimed its origin f ...
, and subsequently built a humble hunting lodge. Following his marriage to Queen
Maria I of Portugal
Dom (title), Dona Maria I (17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816) was Queen of Portugal from 24 February 1777 until her death in 1816. Known as Maria the Pious in Portugal and Maria the Mad in Brazil, she was the first undisputed queen regnant of Por ...
, the estate was radically expanded into the
Rococo
Rococo (, also ), less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, ...
pleasure palace, today known as the
Queluz National Palace
The Palace of Queluz ( pt, Palácio de Queluz, ) is an 18th-century palace located at Queluz, a city of the Sintra Municipality, in the Lisbon District, on the Portuguese Riviera. One of the last great Rococo buildings to be designed in Europ ...
.
Following the transfer of the
Portuguese Royal Court to Queluz, during the reign of Queen Maria I and King Pedro III, numerous members of the
Portuguese nobility
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods
** Portuguese language, a Romance language
*** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language
** Portu ...
established estates and palaces in the area, Sintra being the longtime retreat of the Portuguese aristocracy.
Culture
![Queluz_Palace_Robillon_Pavilion](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Queluz_Palace_Robillon_Pavilion.JPG)
Between July and August is a free fair outside the
D. Maria Pousada that recreates the golden age of the
Queluz National Palace
The Palace of Queluz ( pt, Palácio de Queluz, ) is an 18th-century palace located at Queluz, a city of the Sintra Municipality, in the Lisbon District, on the Portuguese Riviera. One of the last great Rococo buildings to be designed in Europ ...
. The ''Feira Setecentista'' ("Eighteenth-Century Fair") recreates the reign of Queen
Mary I of Portugal, and transports visitors back into a period where artisans and merchants produced arts and crafts. Choral concerts are also common to Sunday afternoons at Queluz National Palace, owing to the three choirs in the city.
Similarly, the Monte Abraão Fair (held every Saturday in the ''Rua Cidade Desportiva'') is the biggest in Queluz, allowing the sale of clothes, handicrafts, fruits and vegetables, flowers and implements.
Sport
The biggest and most known teams in Queluz are
Real Sport Clube
Real Sport Clube is a Portuguese football club situated in Queluz that competes in the Liga 3. They were founded in 1951.
Current squad
Honours
* Campeonato de Portugal: 1
** 2016–17
References
External links
...
,
CA Queluz
Queluz Sintra Património Mundial is a professional basketball team based in Queluz, Portugal. The team plays in the Proliga Portugal. The team was active in the Portuguese LCB until 2007. That year, the team withdrew from the highest level. I ...
and JOMA (Juventude Operária do Monte Abraão).
Real Sport Clube is Queluz local football team, CA Queluz the basketball one and JOMA main sport is athletics.
Real Sport Clube plays on the Segunda Liga (the 2nd biggest league competition in Portugal).
CA Queluz has already been Portuguese basketball champions in 1984 and 2005. They also won the Portuguese Cup in 1983 and 2005, completing the double.
JOMA as already been Portuguese champions on both individual and collective athletics competitions.
Geography
Crossed by Jamor river, the city is interspersed by various parks, with three in the district: two in the civil parish of Queluz and the other in Massamá:
* Forest of Queluz ( pt, Matinha de Queluz), a small enclosed, isolated wooded area, it covers 21 hectares, and sustained due to its public use, ecological wealth and as a relic of vegetation climate;
* Salgueiro Maia Park ( pt, Parque de Salgueiro Maia), a small one-hectare park, opened from 9:30 in the morning to early evening, 8:00 p-m, with manicured lawns, an amphitheatre and a playground, that is also used for sport.
* Felício Loureiro Park ( pt, Parque de Felício Loureiro), another emblematic park, fairly wooded and equipped for recreation, leisure and exercise. It is divided into two zones: the first extends along the river Jamor and includes the a sculpture of José Pedro Croft; while the second zone includes an exercise circuit, as well as manicured grassy areas used for recreation and leisure.
Climate
![Palais Royal de Queluz - Canal](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Palais_Royal_de_Queluz_-_Canal.jpg)
Queluz has a micro-climate that is classified as an ''Upper Thermo-Mediterranean'' sub-humid type, with average annual precipitation of .
Transport
With three train stations (Monte Abrão, Barcarena-Massamá and Queluz-Belas), Queluz falls within the Sintra-Lisbon corridor, with connections to Amadora and Sintra.
Vimeca buslines connect Queluz to Oeiras, Lisbon, Amadora and Carcavelos.
Vimeca
/ref>
Taxi services within Queluz, handled from the centralized "taxi squares" and services achieved from telephone services.
Notable citizens
* Peter IV of Portugal
Don (honorific), Dom Pedro I (English: Peter I; 12 October 1798 – 24 September 1834), nicknamed "the Liberator", was the founder and List of monarchs of Brazil, first ruler of the Empire of Brazil. As King Dom Pedro IV, he List of ...
(12 October 1798, Queluz – 24 September 1834, Queluz), son of John VI of Portugal and Carlota Joaquina of Spain
Doña Carlota Joaquina Teresa Cayetana of Spain (25 April 1775 – 7 January 1830) was Queen of Portugal and Brazil as the wife of King Dom John VI. She was the daughter of King Don Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma.
...
, he became King Peter IV of Portugal, before abdicating in favour of his daughter Maria da Gloria; he became the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil
The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom ...
, before abdicating this title in favour of his son, returning to Portugal to reclaim the throne for his daughter in the Liberal Wars
The Liberal Wars (), also known as the Portuguese Civil War (), the War of the Two Brothers () or Miguelite War (), was a war between liberal constitutionalists and conservative absolutists in Portugal over royal succession that lasted from 18 ...
;
* Miguel I of Portugal (26 October 1802, Queluz – 14 November 1866, Bronnbach
Wertheim (East Franconian: ''Wärde'') is a town in southwestern Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg with a population of around 23,400. It is located on the confluence of the rivers Tauber and Main. Wertheim is best known for its land ...
, Grand Duchy of Baden), was the King of Portugal between 1828 and 1834, the seventh child and second son of King John VI and his queen, Charlotte of Spain, he was a rebellious youth, who eventually seized the throne from his niece, Maria II of Portugal
, image = Queen Maria II by John Simpson.jpg
, caption = Portrait by John Simpson, 1835
, succession = Queen of Portugal
, reign =
, predecessor = Pedro IV
, successor = Miguel I
, reg-type = Regents
, regent ...
, inspiring the Liberal Wars
The Liberal Wars (), also known as the Portuguese Civil War (), the War of the Two Brothers () or Miguelite War (), was a war between liberal constitutionalists and conservative absolutists in Portugal over royal succession that lasted from 18 ...
with his brother Peter IV of Portugal;
* António José Enes (15 August 1848, Lisbon – 6 August 1901, Queluz), journalist, dramatist, librarian, government minister, colonial administrator and diplomat, who worked for several newspapers/magazines, eventually writing the controversial, anti-clerical drama "Os Lazaristas", and defended the concept of a "United States of Europe
The United States of Europe (USE), the European State, the European Federation and Federal Europe, is the hypothetical scenario of the European integration leading to formation of a sovereign superstate (similar to the United States of Ameri ...
", fearing that Portugal would be absorbed by Spain;
References
External links
Junta de Freguesia de Massamá
Junta de Freguesia de Monte Abraão
Junta de Freguesia de Queluz
Cidadania Queluz
Queluz City Guide
Queluz National Palace
{{DEFAULTSORT:Queluz
Cities in Portugal
Late Neolithic