The Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria was celebrated on 20 and 21 June 1887 to mark the 50th anniversary of Queen

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...

's accession on 20 June 1837. It was celebrated with a Thanksgiving Service at

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the Unite ...

, and a banquet to which 50 European kings and princes were invited.

Background

The Chair (looking west), Westminster Abbey

As the fiftieth anniversary of Victoria's accession approached, public anticipation of national celebrations began to grow, encouraged by the

Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...

politician,

Lord Granville Earl Granville is a title that has been created twice, once in the Peerage of Great Britain and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It is now held by members of the Leveson-Gower family. First creation The first creation came in the Pee ...

. At the previous royal jubilee, the Golden Jubilee of George III, the king had been ill at

Windsor Castle Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. It is strongly associated with the English and succeeding British royal family, and embodies almost a millennium of architectural history. The original c ...

, so there was little precedent to follow. In 1872, the recovery of Edward, Prince of Wales from a bout of

typhoid fever Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella'' serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several ...

was marked by Victoria processing through London to a thanksgiving service at St Paul's Cathedral; despite the queen's reluctance, this had proved to be a resounding success which had silenced the many critics of the monarchy. For the Golden Jubilee, Victoria had informed the

Conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...

prime minister,

Lord Salisbury Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (; 3 February 183022 August 1903) was a British statesman and Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times for a total of over thirteen y ...

, that she intended to have a thanksgiving service at

, and ignoring the Biblical tradition that the start of the fiftieth year should be celebrated, the jubilee should mark the completion of fifty years. The service should reference Victoria's coronation, although the queen would not wear a crown or robes of state. This entailed considerable alterations inside the Abbey, which Lord Salisbury reluctantly agreed to finance, but he insisted that the queen should underwrite the rest of the costs.

The Queen's Jubilee message

On the occasion of her Golden Jubilee, Queen Victoria wrote a message of thanks to her people, which was then published in the London Gazette and national newspapers:

Celebrations

India

The first official Golden Jubilee celebrations were in the

Indian Empire The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...

, and began in February to avoid the summer heat. Events took place across India on Jubilee Day, 16 February, orchestrated by the

Viceroy A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix ''vice-'', meaning "in the place of" and the French word ''roy'', meaning " ...

, Lord Lytton, although his attempts to link the event with the perceived success of the British administration were mostly ignored by local rulers. A

durbar Durbar can refer to: * Conference of Rulers, a council of Malay monarchs * Durbar festival, a yearly festival in several towns of Nigeria * Durbar floor plate, a hot-rolled structural steel that has been designed to give excellent slip resistance ...

in Bombay (now

Mumbai Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' fin ...

) was attended by

Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (Arthur William Patrick Albert; 1 May 185016 January 1942), was the seventh child and third son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He served as Go ...

. Additionally, Victoria had a contingent of cavalry from the British Indian Army brought to London to be her personal escort, and engaged two Indian Muslims as waiters, one of whom was Abdul Karim. Invitations to the jubilee celebrations were extended to the rulers of the Indian

Princely States A princely state (also called native state or Indian state) was a nominally sovereign entity of the British Indian Empire that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule, subject to ...

, several of whom were willing to make the lengthy journey.

20 June

On 20 June 1887, the Queen had breakfast outdoors under the trees at

Frogmore Frogmore is an estate within the Home Park, adjoining Windsor Castle, in Berkshire, England. It comprises , of primarily private gardens managed by the Crown Estate. It is the location of Frogmore House, a royal retreat, and Frogmore Cottage. ...

, where Prince Albert had been buried. She wrote in her diary: She then travelled by train from Windsor station to

Paddington Paddington is an area within the City of Westminster, in Central London. First a medieval parish then a metropolitan borough, it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965. Three important landmarks of the district are Padd ...

then to Buckingham Palace for a lunch. In the evening, there was a banquet, which fifty foreign kings and princes, along with the governing heads of Britain's overseas colonies and dominions, attended. She wrote in her diary:

21 June

Queen Victoria leaving Buckingham Palace for Westminster Abbey

The next day, the Queen participated in a procession in an open

landau Landau ( pfl, Landach), officially Landau in der Pfalz, is an autonomous (''kreisfrei'') town surrounded by the Südliche Weinstraße ("Southern Wine Route") district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a university town (since 1990) ...

, drawn by six cream-coloured horses, through

London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

escorted by Colonial Indian cavalry. She refused to wear a crown, wearing instead a bonnet and a long dress. The procession through London, according to Mark Twain, "stretched to the limit of sight in both directions". The spectators were accommodated on terraced benches along 10 miles of scaffolding erected for the purpose. At Westminster Abbey, there was a Service of Thanksgiving held for the Queen's reign. During the Service, a beam of sunlight fell upon her bowed head, which the future

Queen Liliuokalani Queen or QUEEN may refer to: Monarchy * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a Kingdom ** List of queens regnant * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Queen mother, a queen dowager who is the mothe ...

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state ...

observing noted as a mark of divine favor. On her return to the Palace, she went to her balcony and was cheered by the crowd. In the ballroom she distributed brooches made for the Jubilee to her family. In the evening, she put on a gown embroidered with silver roses, thistles and shamrocks and attended a banquet. Afterwards she received a procession of diplomats and Indian princes. She was then wheeled in her chair to sit and watch fireworks in the palace garden. The Queen reflected on the day in her diary:

22 June

The next morning, Victoria went to St James's Palace to visit her elderly great-aunt, the dowager Duchess of Cambridge. In the afternoon, the Queen attended a party in Hyde Park for 26,000 schoolchildren, who were all given a glass of milk, a bun and a Jubilee mug. Returning to Windsor by train, the Queen then unveiled a bronze statue of herself in Castle Hill by Sir Edgar Boehm, before viewing a torchlight procession by the schoolboys of

Eton College Eton College () is a public school in Eton, Berkshire, England. It was founded in 1440 by Henry VI under the name ''Kynge's College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore'',Nevill, p. 3 ff. intended as a sister institution to King's College, ...

.Chapman & Raben 1977, p. 8-9

Aldershot review

On 9 July, Victoria and other members of the royal family attended a Jubilee Field State Review of the

British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...

Aldershot Aldershot () is a town in Hampshire, England. It lies on heathland in the extreme northeast corner of the county, southwest of London. The area is administered by Rushmoor Borough Council. The town has a population of 37,131, while the Alder ...

. The total number of troops participating was over 58,000; including 21,200 regular soldiers, 4,500

Militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

, 270

Yeomanry Yeomanry is a designation used by a number of units or sub-units of the British Army Reserve, descended from volunteer cavalry regiments. Today, Yeomanry units serve in a variety of different military roles. History Origins In the 1790s, f ...

and 33,000

Volunteer Volunteering is a voluntary act of an individual or group freely giving time and labor for community service. Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others serve ...

s. The Queen, with an escort of the 10th Royal Hussars in which Prince Albert Victor was serving, received an address by the

Commander-in-Chief of the Forces The Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, later Commander-in-Chief, British Army, or just the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), was (intermittently) the professional head of the English Army from 1660 to 1707 (the English Army, founded in 1645, was succ ...

, Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, and then watched the entire force march past in review. Although the ground had been watered that morning by two

traction engine A traction engine is a steam engine, steam-powered tractor used to move heavy loads on roads, plough ground or to provide power at a chosen location. The name derives from the Latin ''tractus'', meaning 'drawn', since the prime function of any t ...

s, the passing of so many boots and hooves threw up great clouds of dust, to the annoyance of the huge crowd of spectators. Following lunch in a specially erected

pavilion In architecture, ''pavilion'' has several meanings: * It may be a subsidiary building that is either positioned separately or as an attachment to a main building. Often it is associated with pleasure. In palaces and traditional mansions of Asia ...

, the Queen returned to Windsor by train.

Spithead review

On 23 July, Victoria and the royal family attended a Jubilee

Fleet Review A fleet review or naval review is an event where a gathering of ships from a particular navy is paraded and reviewed by an incumbent head of state and/or other official civilian and military dignitaries. A number of national navies continue to ...

Spithead Spithead is an area of the Solent and a roadstead off Gilkicker Point in Hampshire, England. It is protected from all winds except those from the southeast. It receives its name from the Spit, a sandbank stretching south from the Hampshire ...

offshore from

Portsmouth Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council. Portsmouth is the most dens ...

. Present were more than one hundred

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...

warships and dozens of other vessels. The British fleet included 26 ironclads, 14 cruisers, 31

gunboat A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets, as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare, or for ferrying troops or supplies. History Pre-ste ...

s and 38

torpedo boat A torpedo boat is a relatively small and fast naval ship designed to carry torpedoes into battle. The first designs were steam-powered craft dedicated to ramming enemy ships with explosive spar torpedoes. Later evolutions launched variants of ...

s; between them these ships carried 442 guns and were manned by 16,136 officers and

rating A rating is an evaluation or assessment of something, in terms of quality, quantity, or some combination of both. Rating or ratings may also refer to: Business and economics * Credit rating, estimating the credit worthiness of an individual, c ...

s. Also present were several foreign warships, as well as

troopship A troopship (also troop ship or troop transport or trooper) is a ship used to carry soldiers, either in peacetime or wartime. Troopships were often drafted from commercial shipping fleets, and were unable land troops directly on shore, typicall ...

s, large merchant ships, yachts and numerous small craft filled with spectators. The Queen and other important guests passed along the lines of anchored ships in a flotilla led by the royal yacht, . That night, the ships were illuminated by their searchlights. A report for the

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...

described the review as "the most imposing ever seen afloat".

Other events

At the Jubilee, the Queen engaged two Indian Muslims as waiters, one of whom was Abdul Karim. A commemorative bust of Victoria was commissioned from the sculptor

Francis John Williamson Francis John Williamson (17 July 1833 – 12 March 1920) was a British portrait sculptor, reputed to have been Queen Victoria's favourite. Career After studying under John Bell he was an articled pupil of John Henry Foley for seven years, ...

. Many copies were made, and distributed throughout the

British Empire The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts e ...

. A special

Golden Jubilee Medal The Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (french: link=no, Médaille du jubilé d'or de la Reine Elizabeth II) or the Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal was a commemorative medal created in 2002 to mark the 50th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II's ...

was instituted and awarded to participants of the jubilee celebrations. Writer and geographer

John Francon Williams John Francon Williams (1854 – 4 September 1911) was a Welsh writer, geographer, historian, journalist, cartographer, and inventor, born in Llanllechid, Caernarvonshire. His seminal work was ''The Geography of the Oceans''. Family John Franc ...

published ''The Jubilee Atlas of the British Empire'' especially to commemorate Victoria's Jubilee and her Jubilee year. Many British towns and cities commissioned new monuments, public clocks or buildings to mark the event, including Queen's Arcade in

Leeds Leeds () is a city and the administrative centre of the City of Leeds district in West Yorkshire, England. It is built around the River Aire and is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines. It is also the third-largest settlement (by popula ...

, the Jubilee Memorial, Harrogate, the

Jubilee Clock Tower, Weymouth The Jubilee Clock Tower is a free-standing clock tower on The Esplanade, Weymouth, the Esplanade of Weymouth, Dorset, Weymouth, Dorset, England. It was built and erected in 1888 to commemorate the 1887 Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria and became ...

, the Jubilee Clock Tower, Brighton and the

Clock Tower, Crewe The Clock Tower stands near the north entrance to Queen's Park, Crewe, in Cheshire, England. The park was given to the residents of the town by the London and North Western Railway Company, and the clock tower was paid for by its employees. ...

Gallery

Queen Victoria Jubilee.jpg, A card for the Queen's Golden Jubilee, 1887 Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee procession.jpg, Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee procession in Lower Regent Street, 1887 File:John Charlton (1849-1917) - Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee, 21 June 1887, The Royal Procession Passing Trafalgar Square - RCIN 405285 - Royal Collection.jpg, ''Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee, 21 June 1887; The Royal Procession Passing Trafalgar Square'' by John Charlton Jubilee dates, Tower of Victoria Building, Liverpool.jpg, The Tower of the

Victoria Building, University of Liverpool The Victoria Building of the University of Liverpool, is on the corner of Brownlow Hill and Ashton Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, England (). It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building ...

commemorates the Golden Jubilee, with terracotta dates Great Malvern Priory Window n10 (41997962820).jpg,

Great Malvern Priory Great Malvern Priory in Malvern, Worcestershire, England, was a Benedictine monastery (c. 1075 – 1540) and is now an Anglican parish church. In 1949 it was designated a Grade I listed building. It is a dominant building in the Great Malvern ...

window, commemorating the Jubilee, designed by

Thomas Camm Thomas William Camm (1839 – 1912) was an English stained glass designer and manufacturer. Born in Spon Lane, West Bromwich, he worked for the ornamental department of Chance Brothers in Smethwick until it closed down in 1865, when he set u ...

and made under the auspices of R. W. Winfield & Co The Jubilee Atlas of the British Empire by J. Francon Williams.jpg, The Jubilee Atlas of the British Empire by

Ten years Empress and fifty years a Queen (BM 1902,1011.8718).jpg, ''Ten years Empress and fifty years a Queen'' published to mark the Queen's Golden Jubilee, 1887 Blue plaque, Queen's Arcade, Leeds (1st June 2018).jpg, Queen's Arcade was named in honour of Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee Jubilee bust of Queen Victoria. Francis John Williamson, 1887. Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Glasgow, UK.jpg, Jubilee bust of Queen Victoria by Francis John Williamson, 1887 Harlesden High Street - geograph.org.uk - 1160179.jpg, The Golden Jubilee Clock in

Harlesden Harlesden is a district in the London Borough of Brent, North West London. Located north of the Grand Union Canal and Wormwood Scrubs, the Harrow Road flows through the centre of the area which goes eastwards to Central London and west toward ...

, Greater London Summit of Creagan a' Chaise (722metres) - geograph.org.uk - 976704.jpg, Jubilee cairn on the summit of Creagan a' Chaise, Moray, Scotland O'Hea Rejoice oh greatly.jpg, A political cartoon by Irish cartoonist John Fergus O'Hea criticising Victoria for celebrating the Jubilee while failing to address issues such as

eviction Eviction is the removal of a tenant from rental property by the landlord. In some jurisdictions it may also involve the removal of persons from premises that were foreclosed by a mortgagee (often, the prior owners who defaulted on a mortgag ...

s and general poverty in

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

Royal guests at the Jubilee celebrations

British royal family

* The Queen of the United Kingdom ** The German Crown Princess and

Crown Prince A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title is crown princess, which may refer either to an heiress apparent or, especially in earlier times, to the wi ...

, ''the Queen's daughter and son-in-law'' (representing the

German Emperor The German Emperor (german: Deutscher Kaiser, ) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the German Empire. A specifically chosen term, it was introduced with the 1 January 1871 constitution and lasted until the offi ...

) ***

Prince A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. T ...

and Princess Wilhelm of Prussia, ''the Queen's grandson and granddaughter-in-law'' *** The Hereditary Princess and Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Meiningen, ''the Queen's granddaughter and grandson-in-law'' (representing the

Duke of Saxe-Meiningen Saxe-Meiningen (; german: Sachsen-Meiningen ) was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine line of the Wettin dynasty, located in the southwest of the present-day German state of Thuringia. Established in 1681, by partition of the Ernest ...

) ****

Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen , spouse = , house = Wettin , father = Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen , mother = Princess Charlotte of Prussia , birth_date = , birth_place = Potsdam, German Empire , death_date = , death_place = Hirschberg, Silesia, Provisional Gover ...

, ''the Queen's great-granddaughter'' *** Prince Henry of Prussia, ''the Queen's grandson'' ***

Princess Viktoria of Prussia Princess Friederike Amalia Wilhelmine Viktoria of Prussia (12 April 1866 – 13 November 1929) was the second daughter of Frederick III, German Emperor and his wife Victoria, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of Queen Victoria. Born a member of th ...

, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' ***

Princess Sophia of Prussia Sophia of Prussia (Sophie Dorothea Ulrike Alice, el, Σοφία; 14 June 1870 – 13 January 1932) was Queen consort of the Hellenes from 1913–1917, and also from 1920–1922. A member of the House of Hohenzollern and child of Frederick III, ...

, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' ***

Princess Margaret of Prussia English: Margaret Beatrice Feodora , house = Hohenzollern , father = Frederick III, German Emperor , mother = Victoria, Princess Royal , birth_date = , birth_place = New Palace, Potsdam, Prussia, German Empire , d ...

, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' **

The Prince ''The Prince'' ( it, Il Principe ; la, De Principatibus) is a 16th-century political treatise written by Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli as an instruction guide for new princes and royals. The general theme of ''The ...

and Princess of Wales, ''the Queen's son and daughter-in-law'' *** Prince Albert Victor of Wales, ''the Queen's grandson'' ***

Prince George of Wales Prince George of Wales (George Alexander Louis; born 22 July 2013) is a member of the British royal family. He is the eldest child of William, Prince of Wales, and Catherine, Princess of Wales. George is the eldest grandchild of King Charl ...

, ''the Queen's grandson'' *** Princess Louise of Wales, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' *** Princess Victoria of Wales, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' ***

Princess Maud of Wales Maud of Wales (Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria; 26 November 1869 – 20 November 1938) was the Queen of Norway as the wife of King Haakon VII. The youngest daughter of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom, she was known as Pri ...

, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' ** The Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, ''the Queen's son-in-law'' ***

Princess Princess is a regal rank and the feminine equivalent of prince (from Latin '' princeps'', meaning principal citizen). Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or for the daughter of a king or prince. Princess as a subs ...

and

Prince Louis of Battenberg Admiral of the Fleet Louis Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, (24 May 185411 September 1921), formerly Prince Louis Alexander of Battenberg, was a British naval officer and German prince related by marriage to the British ...

, ''the Queen's granddaughter and grandson-in-law'' ***

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna Grand may refer to: People with the name * Grand (surname) * Grand L. Bush (born 1955), American actor * Grand Mixer DXT, American turntablist * Grand Puba (born 1966), American rapper Places * Grand, Oklahoma * Grand, Vosges, village and co ...

and

Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia (''Сергей Александрович''; 11 May 1857 – 17 February 1905) was the fifth son and seventh child of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. He was an influential figure during the reigns of hi ...

, ''the Queen's granddaughter and grandson-in-law'' (representing the Emperor of Russia) ***

Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine Princess Irene Luise Marie Anne of Hesse and by Rhine (11 July 1866 – 11 November 1953) was the third child and third daughter of Princess Alice of the United Kingdom and Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. Her maternal grandparents wer ...

, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' *** The Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, ''the Queen's grandson'' ***

Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine german: Alix Viktoria Helene Luise Beatrixrussian: Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova , house = Hesse-Darmstadt , father = Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine , mother = Princess Alice of the United Kingdom , birth_name ...

, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' ** The Duke and

Duchess of Edinburgh Duchess of Edinburgh was the principal courtesy title held by the wife of the Duke of Edinburgh. There have been four Duchesses of Edinburgh since the title's creation. Following the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Dukedom of Edinburgh ...

, ''the Queen's son and daughter-in-law'' *** Prince Alfred of Edinburgh, ''the Queen's grandson'' *** Princess Marie of Edinburgh, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' *** Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' *** Princess Alexandra of Edinburgh, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' **

and

Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (Frederick Christian Charles Augustus; 22 January 1831 – 28 October 1917) was a minor Danish-born German prince who became a member of the British royal family through his marriage to Princess Helena ...

, ''the Queen's daughter and son-in-law'' ***

Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein Prince Christian Victor Albert Louis Ernst Anton of Schleswig-Holstein (14 April 1867 – 29 October 1900) was a member of the British royal family. He was the eldest son of Princess Helena, third daughter of Queen Victoria. Early life Pri ...

, ''the Queen's grandson'' *** Prince Albert of Schleswig-Holstein, ''the Queen's grandson'' ***

Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (Victoria Louise Sophia Augusta Amelia Helena; 3 May 1870 – 13 March 1948) was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. From 1917 her name was simply Princess Helena Victoria. Ear ...

, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' ***

Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein (Franziska Josepha Louise Augusta Marie Christina Helena; 12 August 1872 – 8 December 1956) was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Early life Princess Marie Louise was born at Cumberland Lodge in ...

, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' ** The Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne and The Marquess of Lorne, ''the Queen's daughter and son-in-law'' ** The Duke and Duchess of Connaught and Strathearn, ''the Queen's son and daughter-in-law'' ***

Princess Margaret of Connaught Princess Margaret of Connaught (Margaret Victoria Charlotte Augusta Norah; 15 January 1882 – 1 May 1920) was Crown Princess of Sweden as the first wife of the future King Gustaf VI Adolf. She was the elder daughter of Prince Arthur, Duke ...

, ''the Queen's granddaughter'' ***

Prince Arthur of Connaught Prince Arthur of Connaught (Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert; 13 January 1883 – 12 September 1938) was a British military officer and a grandson of Queen Victoria. He served as Governor-General of the Union of South Africa from 20 November 1920 ...

, ''the Queen's grandson'' ** The Duchess of Albany, ''the Queen's daughter-in-law'' **

and

Prince Henry of Battenberg Prince Henry of Battenberg (Henry Maurice; 5 October 1858 – 20 January 1896) was a morganatic descendant of the Grand Ducal House of Hesse. He became a member of the British royal family by marriage to Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdo ...

, ''the Queen's daughter and son-in-law'' *** Prince Alexander of Battenberg, ''the Queen's grandson'' ''Other descendants of the Queen's paternal grandfather,

King George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

and their families:'' *

The Duke of Cambridge Duke of Cambridge, one of several current royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom , is a hereditary title of specific rank of nobility in the British royal family. The title (named after the city of Cambridge in England) is heritable by male de ...

, ''the Queen's first cousin'' **

George FitzGeorge Colonel George William Adolphus FitzGeorge (24 August 1843 – 2 September 1907) was a British soldier and a great-grandson of King George III of the United Kingdom. Early life Colonel FitzGeorge was born on 24 August 1843 in London. He was t ...

, ''the Queen's first cousin once removed'' **

Augustus FitzGeorge Colonel Sir Augustus Charles Frederick FitzGeorge, (12 June 184730 October 1933) was a British Army officer and a relative of the British royal family. FitzGeorge was born in 1847 to Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, and his wife ...

, ''the Queen's first cousin once removed'' * The Grand Duchess and

Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a territory in Northern Germany, held by the younger line of the House of Mecklenburg residing in Neustrelitz. Like the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, it was a sovereign member stat ...

, ''the Queen's first cousin and her husband'' ** The Hereditary Grand Duke and Hereditary Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, ''the Queen's first cousin once removed and his wife'' * The Duchess and Duke of Teck, ''the Queen's first cousin and her husband'' **

Princess Victoria Mary of Teck Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 186724 March 1953) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, from 6 May 1910 until 20 January 1936 as the wife of King-Empe ...

, ''the Queen's first cousin once removed'' ** Prince Adolphus of Teck, ''the Queen's first cousin once removed'' **

Prince Francis of Teck Prince Francis of Teck, (Francis Joseph Leopold Frederick; 9 January 1870 – 22 October 1910) was the younger brother of the British queen Mary of Teck, wife of King George V. Family Francis Joseph Leopold Frederick, known as "Frank", was bo ...

, ''the Queen's first cousin once removed'' **

Prince Alexander of Teck Major General Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (Alexander Augustus Frederick William Alfred George; born Prince Alexander of Teck; 14 April 1874 – 16 January 1957), was a British Army commander and major-general who served as Governor- ...

, ''the Queen's first cousin once removed'' *

Princess Frederica of Hanover English: Frederica Sophie Marie Henrietta Amelia Theresa , image = Princess Frederica of Hanover.jpg , caption = Princess Frederica, 1885 , spouse = , issue = Baroness Victoria , house = Hanover , father ...

and Baron Alphons von Pawel-Rammingen, ''the Queen's first cousin once removed and her husband'' * The Hon. Aubrey FitzClarence, ''the Queen's first cousin twice removed (and great-grandson of King

William IV William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded h ...

)''

Foreign royals

and

Princess of Leiningen Princess of Leiningen This is a list of the ladies who have held the rank of princess consort as the wife of a Prince of Leiningen. {, width=95% class="wikitable" !width = "8%" , Picture !width = "10%" , Name !width = "9%" , Father !width ...

, ''the Queen's half-nephew and half-niece-in-law'' ** Princess Alberta of Leiningen, ''the Queen's half-great-niece'' * The Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, ''the Queen's half-nephew'' *

and

Princess Victor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg Princess Victor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (Laura Williamina Seymour; 17 December 1832 – 13 February 1912)Burke's Peerage, 107th edition - "Hertford, Marquess of". was a British-born aristocrat whose marriage to a German prince naturalised in ...

, ''the Queen's half-nephew and half-niece-in-law'' ** Countess Feodora Gleichen, ''the Queen's half-great-niece'' ** Count Edward Gleichen, ''the Queen's half-great-nephew'' ** Countess Victoria Gleichen, ''the Queen's half-great-niece'' * Prince Ernst of Saxe-Meiningen, ''the Queen's half-great-nephew'' * The Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, ''the Queen's brother-in-law and first cousin'' * The King and

Queen of the Belgians The wives of Belgian monarchs have all been titled Queen and styled Majesty, with the exception of Leopold III of Belgium's second wife Mary Lilian Baels, who was titled Princess of Belgium and Princess de Rethy, Princess of Réthy. All Belgian mo ...

, ''the Queen's first cousin and his wife'' **

and

Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Ferdinand Philipp Maria August Raphael of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (28 March 1844 – 3 July 1921) was the second prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and lord of Csábrág and , both in modern-day Slovakia. Life Born in the Tuileries Palace in Paris as ...

, ''the Queen's first cousins once removed'' ** The Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, ''husband of the Queen's

first cousin once removed Most generally, in the lineal kinship system used in the English-speaking world, a cousin is a type of familial relationship in which two relatives are two or more familial generations away from their most recent common ancestor. Commonly, ...

'' (representing the

Emperor of Austria The Emperor of Austria (german: Kaiser von Österreich) was the ruler of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A hereditary imperial title and office proclaimed in 1804 by Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, a member of the Hou ...

) * The Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Portugal, ''the Queen's first cousin twice removed and his wife'' (representing the King of Portugal) * The King of Denmark, ''father of the Princess of Wales'' ** The King of the Hellenes, ''brother of the Princess of Wales'' *** The Duke of Sparta, ''nephew of the Princess of Wales'' ***

Prince George of Greece and Denmark Prince George of Greece and Denmark ( el, Γεώργιος; 24 June 1869 – 25 November 1957) was the second son and child of George I of Greece and Olga Konstantinovna of Russia, and is remembered chiefly for having once saved the life of hi ...

, ''nephew of the Princess of Wales'' * Prince Ludwig of Baden, ''nephew of the German Crown Prince'' (representing the

Grand Duke of Baden The Grand Duchy of Baden (german: Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest German Empire on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918. It came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subse ...

) * The Crown Prince of Sweden and Norway, ''nephew-in-law of the German Crown Prince'' (representing the King of Sweden and Norway) * The King of Saxony * The Duke of Aosta (representing the

King of Italy King of Italy ( it, links=no, Re d'Italia; la, links=no, Rex Italiae) was the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The first to take the title was Odoacer, a barbarian military leader ...

) * Infante Antonio and

Infanta Eulalia of Spain Infanta Eulalia, Duchess of Galliera (María Eulalia Francisca de Asís Margarita Roberta Isabel Francisca de Paula Cristina María de la Piedad; 12 February 1864 – 8 March 1958), was the youngest and last surviving child of Queen Isabella II of ...

(representing the Queen Regent of Spain) * Ke Aliʻi wahine o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina (The Queen of the Hawaiian Islands) * Crown Princess Liliʻuokalani of Hawaii (sister and heir apparent of Ke Aliʻi (king) Kalakaua) * Prince Ludwig of Bavaria (representing the Prince Regent of Bavaria) * The Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (representing the

Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (german: Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) was a historical German state, created as a duchy in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach, which had been in personal union since 1741. It was rais ...

) *

and

Princess Edward of Saxe-Weimar Princess Edward of Saxe-Weimar ( Lady Augusta Katherine Gordon-Lennox; 14 January 1827 – 3 April 1904) was a British aristocrat whose marriage to Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar made her a kinswoman of the British Royal Family and a member of the ...

Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. Th ...

Prince Komatsu Akihito was a Japanese career officer in the Imperial Japanese Army, who was a member of the Fushimi-no-miya, one of the ''shinnōke'' branches of the Imperial Family of Japan, which were eligible to succeed to the Chrysanthemum Throne. Biography Earl ...

(representing the

Emperor of Japan The Emperor of Japan is the monarch and the head of the Imperial Family of Japan. Under the Constitution of Japan, he is defined as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, and his position is derived from "the ...

) * Prince Devawongse Varoprakar of Siam (representing the King of Siam) * Prince Abu 'n Nasr Mirza Hissam us Sultaneh of Persia (representing the Shah of Persia) * The Hereditary Prince of Anhalt (representing the

Duke of Anhalt The Duchy of Anhalt (german: Herzogtum Anhalt) was a historical Germany, German duchy. The duchy was located between the Harz Mountains in the west and the river Elbe and beyond to the Fläming Heath in the east. The territory was once ruled by ...

) * Nawab Sir

Asman Jah Nawab Sir Muhammad Mazharuddin Khan Bahadur (1839 – 18 July 1898), commonly known as Sir Asman Jah or Nawab Sir Asman Jah Bahadur, was an Indian noble who served as Prime Minister of Hyderabad from 1887 to 1894. A member of the powerful Pa ...

representing Asaf Jah VI Mahboob Ali Khan,

Nizam The Nizams were the rulers of Hyderabad from the 18th through the 20th century. Nizam of Hyderabad (Niẓām ul-Mulk, also known as Asaf Jah) was the title of the monarch of the Hyderabad State ( divided between the state of Telangana, Mar ...

Hyderabad and Berar Hyderabad State () was a princely state located in the south-central Deccan Plateau, Deccan region of India with its capital at the city of Hyderabad. It is now divided into the present-day state of Telangana, the Kalyana-Karnataka region of K ...

. * The Maharaja of Gondal * The Thakore Sahib of Liinri * The Thakore Sahib of Morvi * The Maharaja and Maharani of Coochbehar * The Maharajah of Darbhanga * The Maharaja of Kutch * The Maharaja Holkar of Indore * The Count and Countess of Paris ** The Duke of Orléans **

Princess Hélène of Orléans , house = Orléans , father = Prince Philippe, Count of Paris , mother = Infanta Maria Isabel of Spain , birth_date = , birth_place = York House, Twickenham, England , death_date = , death_place = Castellammare di Stabia, It ...

* The Duke of Chartres ** Prince Henri of Orléans ** Princess Marguerite d'Orléans * The Duke of Aumale

Notes

References

Bibliography

* * Hibbert, Christopher (2000) ''Queen Victoria: A Personal History'', London: HarperCollins, * St Aubyn, Giles (1991) ''Queen Victoria: A Portrait'', London: Sinclair-Stevenson, * * Waller, Maureen (2006) ''Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England'', London: John Murray, * {{Authority control 1887 in Canada 1887 in the United Kingdom Monarchy in Canada Queen Victoria Golden jubilees British Royal jubilees June 1887 events Leeds Blue Plaques

Background

The Queen's Jubilee message

Celebrations

India

20 June

21 June

22 June

Aldershot review

Spithead review

Other events

Gallery

Royal guests at the Jubilee celebrations

British royal family

Foreign royals

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography