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Quail is a collective name for several
genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...
of mid-sized
bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...
s generally placed in the order
Galliformes Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkeys, chickens, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems as seed dispersers and predators, and are often ...
. The
collective noun In linguistics, a collective noun is a word referring to a collection of things taken as a whole. Most collective nouns in everyday speech are not specific to one kind of thing. For example, the collective noun "group" can be applied to people (" ...
for a group of quail is a flock, covey, or bevy.
Old World quail Old World quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds in the tribe Coturnicini of the pheasant family Phasianidae. Although all species commonly referred to as "Old World quail" are in the same tribe, they are paraphyletic ...
are placed in the family
Phasianidae The Phasianidae are a family (biology), family of heavy, ground-living birds, which includes pheasants, partridges, junglefowl, chickens, Turkey bird, turkeys, Old World quail, and peafowl. The family includes many of the most popular Game (hunti ...
, and
New World quail The New World quail are small birds only distantly related to the Old World quail, but named for their similar appearance and habits. The American species are in their own family, the Odontophoridae, whereas Old World quail are in the pheasant f ...
are placed in the family
Odontophoridae The New World quail are small birds only distantly related to the Old World quail, but named for their similar appearance and habits. The American species are in their own family, the Odontophoridae, whereas Old World quail are in the pheasant f ...
. The species of
buttonquail Buttonquail or hemipodes are members of a small family of birds, Turnicidae, which resemble, but are unrelated to, the quails of Phasianidae. They inhabit warm grasslands in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia. There are 18 species in two genera ...
are named for their superficial resemblance to quail, and form the
family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Turnicidae in the
order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...
Charadriiformes Charadriiformes (, from ''Charadrius'', the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 390 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water an ...
. The
king quail The king quail (''Synoicus chinensis''), also known as the blue-breasted quail, Asian blue quail, Chinese painted quail, or Chung-Chi, is a species of Old World quail in the family Phasianidae. This species is the smallest "true quail", rangin ...
, an Old World quail, often is sold in the pet trade, and within this trade is commonly, though mistakenly, referred to as a "button quail". Many of the common larger species are farm-raised for table food or egg consumption, and are hunted on game farms or in the wild, where they may be released to supplement the wild population, or extend into areas outside their natural range. In 2007, 40 million quail were produced in the U.S.


New World

*Genus ''
Callipepla ''Callipepla'' is a genus of birds in the New World quail The New World quail are small birds only distantly related to the Old World quail, but named for their similar appearance and habits. The American species are in their own family, th ...
'' **
Scaled quail The scaled quail (''Callipepla squamata''), also commonly called blue quail or cottontop, is a species of the New World quail family. It is a bluish gray bird found in the arid regions of the Southwestern United States to Central Mexico. This spe ...
, (commonly called blue quail) ''Callipepla squamata'' **
Elegant quail The elegant quail (''Callipepla douglasii'') is a species of New World quail endemic to Pacific-slope thorn forest of north-western Mexico, from southern Sonora to Nayarit. These are common, mainly ground-dwelling birds, and the IUCN has rated th ...
, ''Callipepla douglasii'' **
California quail The California quail (''Callipepla californica''), also known as the California valley quail or Valley quail, is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. These birds have a curving crest or '' plume'', made of six feathers, tha ...
, ''Callipepla californica'' **
Gambel's quail Gambel's quail (''Callipepla gambelii'') is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. It inhabits the desert regions of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Texas, and Sonora; also New Mexico-border Chihua ...
, ''Callipepla gambelii'' *Genus ''
Cyrtonyx ''Cyrtonyx'' is a bird genus in the New World quail family Odontophoridae. The genus ''Cyrtonyx'' was introduced in 1844 by the English ornithologist and bird artist John Gould. The name combines the Ancient Greek ''kurtos'' meaning "curved" and ...
'' **
Montezuma quail The Montezuma quail (''Cyrtonyx montezumae'') is a stubby, secretive New World quail of Mexico and some nearby parts of the United States. It is also known as Mearns's quail, the harlequin quail (for the male's striking pattern), and the fool qu ...
, ''Cyrtonyx montezumae'' **
Ocellated quail The ocellated quail (''Cyrtonyx ocellatus'') is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae, the New World quail. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua. Taxonomy and systematics The ocellated quail share ...
, ''Cyrtonyx ocellatus'' *Genus ''Dactylortyx'' **
Singing quail The singing quail (''Dactylortyx thoracicus'') is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae, the New World quail. It is found in Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. Taxonomy and systematics The singing quail is the only ...
, ''Dactylortyx thoracicus'' *Genus ''Philortyx'' **
Banded quail The banded quail (''Philortyx fasciatus'') is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae. It is found only in Mexico where its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tr ...
, ''Philortyx fasciatus'' *Genus ''
Colinus ''Colinus'' is a genus of birds in the New World quail family, Odontophoridae. Members of the genus are commonly known as bobwhites. Species Extant species Fossil species * †''Colinus eatoni'' * †''Colinus suilium'' Brodkorb 1959 * †'' ...
'' **
Northern bobwhite The northern bobwhite (''Colinus virginianus''), also known as the Virginia quail or (in its home range) bobwhite quail, is a ground-dwelling bird native to Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Cuba, with introduced populations elsewhere in th ...
, ''Colinus virginianus'' **
Black-throated bobwhite The Yucatan bobwhite or black-throated bobwhite (''Colinus nigrogularis'') is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical ...
, ''Colinus nigrogularis'' **
Spot-bellied bobwhite The spot-bellied bobwhite (''Colinus leucopogon'') is a ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. It is sometimes considered to be conspecific with the crested bobwhite, ''Colinus cristatus''. As the latter species expands north into ...
, ''Colinus leucopogon'' **
Crested bobwhite The crested bobwhite (''Colinus cristatus'') is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae. It is found in northern South America, extending through Panama to just reach Costa Rica. It also occurs on Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles. Its na ...
, ''Colinus cristatus'' *Genus '' Odontophorus'' **
Marbled wood quail The marbled wood quail (''Odontophorus gujanensis''), also known as the Amazonian wood quail, is a species of bird in the New World quail family. It has an extensive distribution in Central America and the northern part of South America. Its natu ...
, ''Odontophorus gujanensis'' **
Spot-winged wood quail The spot-winged wood quail (''Odontophorus capueira'') is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae. It is found in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, and formerly in Uruguay. In Portuguese and Spanish the bird is called uru (Corcovado Urú).
, ''Odontophorus capueira'' **
Black-eared wood quail The black-eared wood quail (''Odontophorus melanotis'') is a bird species in the order Galliformes. Until recently, the species was thought to be part of the family Phasianidae (Old World quail) however DNA- DNA hybridization results determine ...
, ''Odontophorus melanotis'' **
Rufous-fronted wood quail The rufous-fronted wood quail (''Odontophorus erythrops'') is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae, the New World quail. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Taxonomy and systematics The rufous-fronted wood quail has at various time ...
, ''Odontophorus erythrops'' **
Black-fronted wood quail The black-fronted wood quail (''Odontophorus atrifrons'') is a bird species in the family Odontophoridae, the New World quail. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela. Taxonomy and systematics Some authors have suggested that the black-fronted w ...
, ''Odontophorus atrifrons'' **
Chestnut wood quail The chestnut wood quail (''Odontophorus hyperythrus'') is a bird species in the family Odontophoridae, the New World quail. It is found only in Colombia. Taxonomy and systematics The chestnut wood quail has at various times been proposed or ...
, ''Odontophorus hyperythrus'' **
Dark-backed wood quail The dark-backed wood quail (''Odontophorus melanonotus'') is a bird species in the family Odontophoridae, the New World quail. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Taxonomy and systematics The dark-backed wood quail is one of 15 species in the ...
, ''Odontophorus melanonotus'' **
Rufous-breasted wood quail The rufous-breasted wood quail (''Odontophorus speciosus'') is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae. It is found in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru primarily on the east side of the Andes between 800 and 2000m in elevation (higher in Peru). ...
, ''Odontophorus speciosus'' **
Tacarcuna wood quail The Tacarcuna wood quail (''Odontophorus dialeucos'') is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae, the New World quail. It is found in Colombia and Panama. Taxonomy and systematics Some authors have suggested that the Tarcarcuna wood ...
, ''Odontophorus dialeucos'' **
Gorgeted wood quail The rare gorgeted wood quail (''Odontophorus strophium'') is a small ground-dwelling bird. This tiny member of the New World quail family has been found in the larger oak forest remnants in the eastern Cordillera ( Serrania de Yariguies and NorA ...
, ''Odontophorus strophium'' ** Venezuelan wood quail, ''Odontophorus columbianus'' **
Black-breasted wood quail The black-breasted wood quail (''Odontophorus leucolaemus'') is a bird species in the family Odontophoridae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. Taxonomy The black-breaste ...
, ''Odontophorus leucolaemus'' **
Stripe-faced wood quail The stripe-faced wood quail (''Odontophorus balliviani'') is a species of New World quail. It is found in Bolivia and Peru. Taxonomy and systematics The specific epithet of the stripe-faced wood quail commemorates José Ballivián, President ...
, ''Odontophorus balliviani'' **
Starred wood quail The starred wood quail (''Odontophorus stellatus'') is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae (New World quail). It is found in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests of Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru. Description The starred ...
, ''Odontophorus stellatus'' **
Spotted wood quail The spotted wood quail (''Odontophorus guttatus'') is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. It is a resident breeder in the mountains of Central America from southern Mexico to western Panama. It occurs in highlands from 10 ...
, ''Odontophorus guttatus'' *Genus ''Oreortyx'' **
Mountain quail The mountain quail (''Oreortyx pictus'') is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. This species is the only one in the genus ''Oreortyx'', which is sometimes included in ''Callipepla''. This is not appropriate, however, as t ...
, ''Oreortyx pictus'' *Genus ''Rhynchortyx'' ** Tawny-faced quail, ''Rhynchortyx cinctus''


Old World

*Genus ''
Coturnix ''Coturnix'' is a genus of five extant species and five to eight known extinct species of Old World quail. These species are distributed throughout Africa, Eurasia, Australia, and formerly New Zealand. An extinct radiation of flightless, insula ...
'' ** Common quail (also called Pharaoh, Bible, European or Nile quail), ''Coturnix coturnix'' **
Japanese quail The Japanese quail (''Coturnix japonica''), also known as the coturnix quail, is a species of Old World quail found in East Asia. First considered a subspecies of the common quail, it is now considered as a separate species. The Japanese quail ...
, ''Coturnix japonica'' **
Stubble quail The stubble quail (''Coturnix pectoralis'') is a native Australian species which is the most common quail species in Australia. The species is not under any threat of extinction (IUCN Least Concern). Stubble quail are widespread and found throug ...
, ''Coturnix pectoralis'' **†
New Zealand quail The New Zealand quail (''Coturnix novaezelandiae''), or ''koreke'' in Māori, is an extinct quail species endemic to New Zealand. The male and female were similar, except the female was lighter. The first scientist to describe it was Sir Joseph ...
, ''Coturnix novaezelandiae'' (extinct) ** Rain quail, ''Coturnix coromandelica'' **
Harlequin quail The harlequin quail (''Coturnix delegorguei'') is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It occurs in sub-Saharan Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula.Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sull ...
, ''Coturnix delegorguei'' **†
Canary Islands quail The Canary Islands quail (''Coturnix gomerae'') is an extinct quail species that once occurred on the islands of El Hierro, La Palma, Tenerife and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain). Extinction This quail was most likely still present in th ...
, ''Coturnix gomerae'' (fossil) *Genus ''
Synoicus ''Synoicus'' is a genus of 4 species of Old World quail. The species in the genus are distributed throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, tropical Asia, and Australasia. Two of the four species in the genus were originally classified in ''Excalfactoria'' ...
'' **
Brown quail The brown quail (''Synoicus ypsilophorus''), also known as the swamp quail, silver quail and Tasmanian quail, is an Australasian true quail of the family Phasianidae. It is a small, ground-dwelling bird and is native to mainland Australia, Tasman ...
, ''Synoicus ypsilophorus'' ** Blue quail, ''Synoicus adansonii'' **
King quail The king quail (''Synoicus chinensis''), also known as the blue-breasted quail, Asian blue quail, Chinese painted quail, or Chung-Chi, is a species of Old World quail in the family Phasianidae. This species is the smallest "true quail", rangin ...
, ''Synoicus chinensis'' **
Snow Mountain quail The Snow Mountain quail (''Synoicus monorthonyx''), is a large, approximately 28 cm (11 in) long, dark brown quail of alpine grasslands. It was formerly considered the only member of the genus ''Anurophasis'', but phylogenetic analysis ...
, ''Synoicus monorthonyx'' *Genus ''
Perdicula ''Perdicula'' is a small genus of quail in the family Phasianidae, containing four species that are collectively known as the bush quails. Taxonomy The generic name ''Perdicula'' is a Modern Latin diminutive of the genus ''Perdix'', and means ...
'' **
Jungle bush quail The jungle bush quail (''Perdicula asiatica'') is a species of quail in the family Phasianidae. It is native to the Indian subcontinent, where it is found in peninsular India and Sri Lanka. It has also been reported from Nepal but has not been se ...
, ''Perdicula asiatica'' **
Rock bush quail The rock bush quail (''Perdicula argoondah'') is a species of quail found in parts of peninsular India. It is a common species with a wide range and the IUCN has rated it as being of "least concern". Taxonomy and systematics There are three r ...
, ''Perdicula argoondah'' **
Painted bush quail The painted bush quail (''Perdicula erythrorhyncha'') is a species of quail found in the hill forests of India. They move in small coveys on hillsides and are distinguished by their red bills and legs. They have a liquid alarm call and small grou ...
, ''Perdicula erythrorhyncha'' **
Manipur bush quail The Manipur bush quail (''Perdicula manipurensis'') is a species of quail found in northeastern India and Bangladesh inhabiting damp grassland, particularly stands of tall grass. It was first collected and described by Allan Octavian Hume on an o ...
, ''Perdicula manipurensis'' *Genus ''
Ophrysia The Himalayan quail (''Ophrysia superciliosa'') or mountain quail, is a medium-sized quail belonging to the pheasant family. It was last reported in 1876 and is feared extinct. This species was known from only 2 locations (and 12 specimens) in ...
'' **
Himalayan quail The Himalayan quail (''Ophrysia superciliosa'') or mountain quail, is a medium-sized quail belonging to the pheasant family. It was last reported in 1876 and is feared extinct. This species was known from only 2 locations (and 12 specimens) in ...
, ''Ophrysia superciliosa'' (critically endangered/extinct)


Quail in cookery

Quail that have fed on hemlock (e.g., during migration) may induce
acute kidney injury Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within 7 days, as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both. Causes of AKI are cla ...
due to accumulation of toxic substances from the hemlock in the meat; this problem is referred to as "
coturnism Coturnism is an illness featuring muscle tenderness and rhabdomyolysis (muscle cell breakdown) after consuming quail (usually common quail, ''Coturnix coturnix'', from which the name derives) that have fed on poisonous plants. Causes From cas ...
".


See also

*
Quail eggs Quail eggs are eaten and considered a delicacy in many parts of the world, including Asia, Europe, and North America. In Japanese cuisine, they are sometimes used raw or cooked as ''tamago'' in sushi and often found in ''bento'' lunches. In ...
*
Domesticated quail A domesticated quail is a domestic form of the quail, a collective name which refers to a group of several small species of fowl. Thousands of years of breeding and domestication have guided the bird's evolution. Humans domesticated quails for mea ...


References


External links

* * {{Authority control Birds by common name