The Province of Brandenburg (german: Provinz Brandenburg) was a

province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions out ...

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an e ...

from 1815 to 1945. Brandenburg was established in 1815 from the

Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. ...

's core territory, comprised the bulk of the historic

Margraviate of Brandenburg The Margraviate of Brandenburg (german: link=no, Markgrafschaft Brandenburg) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 that played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe. Brandenburg developed out ...

(excluding Altmark) and the Lower Lusatia region, and became part of the

German Empire The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...

in 1871. From 1918, Brandenburg was a province of the Free State of Prussia until it was dissolved in 1945 after

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, and replaced with reduced territory as the

State of Brandenburg Brandenburg (; nds, Brannenborg; dsb, Bramborska ) is a state in the northeast of Germany bordering the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony, as well as the country of Poland. With an area of 29,480 squar ...

East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In t ...

, which was later dissolved in 1952. Following the reunification of Germany in 1990,

Brandenburg Brandenburg (; nds, Brannenborg; dsb, Bramborska ) is a state in the northeast of Germany bordering the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony, as well as the country of Poland. With an area of 29,480 squ ...

was re-established as a

federal state A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government ( federalism). In a federation, the self-gover ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...

, becoming one of the new states. Brandenburg's provincial capital alternated between Potsdam,

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitu ...

, and Charlottenburg during its existence.

Geography

The province comprised large parts of the North German Plain, stretching from the

Elbe The Elbe (; cs, Labe ; nds, Ilv or ''Elv''; Upper and dsb, Łobjo) is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It rises in the Giant Mountains of the northern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia (western half of the Czech Re ...

river in the west to beyond the Oder in the east, where the

Neumark The Neumark (), also known as the New March ( pl, Nowa Marchia) or as East Brandenburg (), was a region of the Margraviate of Brandenburg and its successors located east of the Oder River in territory which became part of Poland in 1945. Call ...

region bordered on the Prussian Grand Duchy of Posen ( Province of Posen from 1848). Other neighbouring provinces were

Pomerania Pomerania ( pl, Pomorze; german: Pommern; Kashubian: ''Pòmòrskô''; sv, Pommern) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Poland and Germany. The western part of Pomerania belongs to ...

in the northeast,

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. S ...

in the southeast, and Prussian

Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a ...

in the southwest. Brandenburg also shared a common border with the grand duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz in the northwest as well as with

Anhalt Saxony-Anhalt (german: Sachsen-Anhalt ; nds, Sassen-Anholt) is a state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Lower Saxony. It covers an area of and has a population of 2.18 million inhabitants, making i ...

in the west. Beside the Elbe and Oder river areas, the province covered large parts of the

Spree Spree may refer to: Geography * Spree (river), river in Germany Film and television * '' The Spree'', a 1998 American television film directed by Tommy Lee Wallace * ''Spree'' (film), a 2020 American film starring Joe Keery * "Spree" (''Numbers ...

and Havel basin. The largest cities were

, located in the centre together with the growing suburbs of

Spandau Spandau () is the westernmost of the 12 boroughs () of Berlin, situated at the confluence of the Havel and Spree rivers and extending along the western bank of the Havel. It is the smallest borough by population, but the fourth largest by land ...

, Charlottenburg, Schöneberg and Neukölln. Larger towns were the royal residence Potsdam and the regional capital Frankfurt (Oder), furthermore Landsberg (present-day Gorzów Wielkopolski) in the east, the historic capital Brandenburg an der Havel as well as Cottbus, Forst and Guben ( Gubin) in Lower Lusatia.

History

The first people who are known to have inhabited Brandenburg were the Germanic

Suebi The Suebi (or Suebians, also spelled Suevi, Suavi) were a large group of Germanic peoples originally from the Elbe river region in what is now Germany and the Czech Republic. In the early Roman era they included many peoples with their own name ...

. During the Migration Period, they were succeeded by the

Polabian Slavs Polabian Slavs ( dsb, Połobske słowjany, pl, Słowianie połabscy, cz, Polabští slované) is a collective term applied to a number of Lechitic ( West Slavic) tribes who lived scattered along the Elbe river in what is today eastern Ger ...

, whose fortress at Brandenburg an der Havel was conquered by the German king Henry the Fowler in 928/29. Henry subdued the Slavic tribes up to the Oder river and his son

Otto I Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Große, it, Ottone il Grande), was East Frankish king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. He was the oldest son of He ...

established the '' marca Geronis'' on their territory, with the government first conferred to the Saxon count Gero. The Northern March was split off in 965, however, large parts were again lost in the Great Slav Rising of 983, and the margravial title did not become hereditary until the time of

Albert the Bear Albert the Bear (german: Albrecht der Bär; 1100 – 18 November 1170) was the first margrave of Brandenburg from 1157 to his death and was briefly duke of Saxony between 1138 and 1142. Life Albert was the only son of Otto, Count of Bal ...

, another Saxon count from the noble

House of Ascania The House of Ascania (german: Askanier) was a dynasty of German rulers. It is also known as the House of Anhalt, which refers to its longest-held possession, Anhalt. The Ascanians are named after Ascania (or Ascaria) Castle, known as ''Schlos ...

, who established the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1157. His son Margrave

already achieved the dignity of an Arch-Chamberlain of the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 unt ...

in 1177. Emperor Charles IV by the Golden Bull of 1356 confirmed the

electoral An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has oper ...

dignity of the Brandenburg margraves and in 1373 assigned the electorate to his son Wenceslaus in 1373. The Elector of Brandenburg held the seventh rank among the electors of the Empire and had five votes in the Council of Princes. In 1415 Brandenburg was acquired by Burgrave Frederick of

Nuremberg Nuremberg ( ; german: link=no, Nürnberg ; in the local East Franconian dialect: ''Nämberch'' ) is the second-largest city of the German state of Bavaria after its capital Munich, and its 518,370 (2019) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest ...

, the first member of the Swabian House of Hohenzollern to rule the margraviate. Over the centuries, the Hohenzollerns gradually rose to one of the most important dynasties of the Empire, rivalling with the ruling

House of Habsburg The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...

, a process that intensified with the

Protestant Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and i ...

and the inheritance of the Polish

Duchy of Prussia The Duchy of Prussia (german: Herzogtum Preußen, pl, Księstwo Pruskie, lt, Prūsijos kunigaikštystė) or Ducal Prussia (german: Herzogliches Preußen, link=no; pl, Prusy Książęce, link=no) was a duchy in the region of Prussia establish ...

in 1618. The margraviate formed the core of the Brandenburg-Prussian state and the "Great Elector" Frederick William I made various accessions to the territory, the Treaty of Königsberg of 1656 marking a significant turn in its evolution. By the 1657 Treaty of Wehlau, Frederick William reached full sovereignty in his Prussian territories, which enabled his son Frederick I to assume the crown of a " King in Prussia" in 1701.

Establishment

The margraviate remained a constituent part of Prussia, until after the

Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fre ...

and the 1815

Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna (, ) of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon ...

the kingdom's administration was divided into ten provinces. Most of the Margraviate's territory was incorporated into the new Province of Brandenburg, most notably the

Mittelmark The Mittelmark (German for "Middle March") is a historical region in eastern Germany that was the core territory of the Margrave of Brandenburg between the Oder and Elbe rivers. The name refers to the location of the territory between the Altmar ...

between the rivers Elbe and Oder and the Neumark region east of the Oder River. However, the Altmark on the western bank of the Elbe was incorporated into the Prussian Province of Saxony. The Province of Brandenburg also encompassed the territory of Lower Lusatia (where Cottbus had been a Brandenburgian

exclave An enclave is a territory (or a small territory apart of a larger one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is sometimes used improperly to deno ...

since the 15th century) as well as the area around Belzig and Jüterbog, all annexed from the

Kingdom of Saxony The Kingdom of Saxony (german: Königreich Sachsen), lasting from 1806 to 1918, was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic Germany. The kingdom was formed from the Electorate of Sax ...

for her alliance with

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...

. The Province headed by an ''Oberpräsident'' was subdivided into two governorates (''

Regierungsbezirk A ' () means "governmental district" and is a type of administrative division in Germany. Four of sixteen ' ( states of Germany) are split into '. Beneath these are rural and urban districts. Saxony has ' (directorate districts) with more res ...

e'') named after their respective capitals, Potsdam in the northwest (Mittelmark, Prignitz and Uckermark) and Frankfurt (Oder) in the southeast (Neumark and Lower Lusatia). The provincial government was at first situated at the Potsdam royal residence. In 1827, it moved to Berlin, returned to Potsdam in 1843 and in 1918 finally settled in Charlottenburg. The Prussian capital Berlin originally formed part of the Province, but in the course of the

Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...

from the 1830s onwards quickly developed to a

metropolis A metropolis () is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications. A big c ...

, from 1871 as capital of the

, and on 1 April 1881 was made an autonomous city district (''Stadtkreis Berlin''). In contrast, the rural outer regions, though

serfdom Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery, which develop ...

had been officially abolished by the 1807 Prussian reforms, was still characterised by large–scale land holding of the '' Junker'' nobility, similar to the eastern Prussian provinces of Silesia and Pomerania. The conditions in the countryside remained largely untouched, even during the

Revolutions of 1848 The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe starting in 1848. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in Europ ...

that led to violent fights in the streets of Berlin. The large estates had to deal with low

soil Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Some scientific definitions distinguish ''dirt'' from ''soil'' by restricting the former ...

quality and—except for brown coal occurrences in Lower Lusatia—the lack of natural resources. The provincial life was perpetuated in the novels by

Theodor Fontane Theodor Fontane (; 30 December 1819 – 20 September 1898) was a German novelist and poet, regarded by many as the most important 19th-century German-language realist author. He published the first of his novels, for which he is best known to ...

and especially in his 1862–89 descriptive work '' Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg''.

Free State of Prussia

After

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

and the resolutions of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, the Province of Brandenburg shifted to the eastern edge of the German

Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic (german: link=no, Weimarer Republik ), officially named the German Reich, was the government of Germany from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a Constitutional republic, constitutional federal republic for the first time in ...

, sharing a long common border with the Second Polish Republic. In 1920, the

Greater Berlin Act The Greater Berlin Act (german: Groß-Berlin-Gesetz), officially Law Regarding the Creation of the New Municipality of Berlin (german: Gesetz über die Bildung einer neuen Stadtgemeinde Berlin), was a law passed by the Prussian state government i ...

expanded the borders of Berlin, incorporating numerous surrounding districts and towns from Brandenburg to form Greater Berlin (''Groß-Berlin'') with a population of about 2,000,000, including the former town of Charlottenburg, the seat of Brandenburg's provincial government. The

Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...

helped the

Nazi Party The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported t ...

to establish itself as an important political power. After the '' Machtergreifung'' on 30 January 1933, the Nazi ''

Gauleiter A ''Gauleiter'' () was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a '' Gau'' or '' Reichsgau''. ''Gauleiter'' was the third-highest rank in the Nazi political leadership, subordinate only to '' Reichsleiter'' and to ...

'' Wilhelm Kube held the office of the ''Oberpräsident'', succeeded by Emil Stürtz in 1936. Due to its location in the vicinity of the German capital, Brandenburg was a centre of the Nazi terror regime, with concentration camps like

Sachsenhausen Sachsenhausen () or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a German Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used from 1936 until April 1945, shortly before the defeat of Nazi Germany in May later that year. It mainly held political prisoners ...

and Ravensbrück and Nazi residences like

Karinhall Carinhall was the country residence of Hermann Göring, built in the 1930s on a large hunting estate north-east of Berlin in the Schorfheide Forest, in the north of Brandenburg, between the lakes of Großdöllner See and Wuckersee. History Named ...

. In the late days of

it was the site of the bloody encounters of the

Seelow Heights The Seelow Heights are situated around the town of Seelow, about east of Berlin, and overlook the Oderbruch, the western flood plain of the River Oder, which is a further to the east. They are sometimes known as the "Gates to Berlin", because ...

, at Halbe and finally the Battle of Berlin. In 1945, after the war, the

territory east of the Oder–Neisse line was ceded to the Republic of Poland to form the Zielona Gora Voivodeship (initially part of Poznan Voivodeship between 1945 and 1950, became

Lubusz Voivodeship Lubusz Voivodeship, or Lubuskie Province ( pl, województwo lubuskie ), is a voivodeship ( province) in western Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Gorzów Wielkopolski and Zielona Góra Voivodeships, pursuant to the ...

in 1998 after merging with

Gorzów Voivodeship Gorzów Wielkopolski Voivodeship () was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland between 1975 and 1998 when it was superseded by Lubusz Voivodeship. Its capital city was Gorzów Wielkopolski. Major cities and towns (popula ...

). The remaining territory became part of the

Soviet occupation zone The Soviet Occupation Zone ( or german: Ostzone, label=none, "East Zone"; , ''Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii'', "Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany") was an area of Germany in Central Europe that was occupied by the Soviet Union as a ...

and was transformed into the

state of Brandenburg Brandenburg (; nds, Brannenborg; dsb, Bramborska ) is a state in the northeast of Germany bordering the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony, as well as the country of Poland. With an area of 29,480 squar ...

, with Potsdam becoming state capital. In 1949, the state of Brandenburg became part of

and, along with the other states of Eastern Germany, in 1952 was dissolved and divided into administrative districts. Brandenburg's territory roughly corresponded with the districts of Potsdam, Frankfurt/Oder and Cottbus. In 1990, following German reunification,

was re-established as a state of the

Federal Republic of Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between ...

Administration

The Prussian central government appointed for every province an ''Oberpräsident'' ("Upper President") carrying out central prerogatives on the provincial level and supervising the implementation of central policy on the lower levels of administration. Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule within the provinces, the urban and rural districts (''Kreise'') elected representatives for the provincial ''

Landtag A Landtag (State Diet) is generally the legislative assembly or parliament of a federated state or other subnational self-governing entity in German-speaking nations. It is usually a unicameral assembly exercising legislative competence in non ...

e'' diets. These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provinces. The provincial diet of Brandenburg elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (''Provinzialausschuss''), and a head of province, the '' Landesdirektor'' ("Land Director").

Upper Presidents of Brandenburg

* 1815–1824: Georg Friedrich Christian von Heydebreck (1765–1828) * 1825–1840: Friedrich Magnus von Bassewitz (1773–1858) * 1840–1842: vacancy * 1842–1848: August Werner von Meding (1792–1871) * 1848–1849: Robert von Patow (1804–1890), per pro * 1849–1850: vacancy * 1849–1850: August Hermann Klemens Freiherr Wolff von Metternich (1803–1872), per pro * 1850–1858:

Eduard Heinrich von Flottwell Eduard Heinrich Flottwell (23 July 1786 – 28 May 1865; after 1861 von Flottwell) was a Prussian '' Staatsminister''. He served as ''Oberpräsident'' (governor) of the Grand Duchy of Posen (from 1830) and of the Saxony (from 1841), Westphali ...

(1786–1865) * 1859–1862: Eduard Heinrich von Flottwell (1786–1865) * 1862:

Werner Ludolph Erdmann von Selchow Werner may refer to: People * Werner (name), origin of the name and people with this name as surname and given name Fictional characters * Werner (comics), a German comic book character * Werner Von Croy, a fictional character in the ''Tomb Ra ...

(1806–1884) * 1862–1879:

Gustav Wilhelm von Jagow Gustav, Gustaf or Gustave may refer to: *Gustav (name), a male given name of Old Swedish origin Art, entertainment, and media * ''Primeval'' (film), a 2007 American horror film * ''Gustav'' (film series), a Hungarian series of animated short cart ...

(1813–1879) * 1879–1899:

Heinrich von Achenbach Heinrich may refer to: People * Heinrich (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) * Heinrich (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) *Hetty (given name), a given name (including a list of peo ...

(1829–1899) * 1899–1905: Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg (1856–1921) * 1905–1909:

August von Trott zu Solz August Bodo Wilhelm Clemens Paul von Trott zu Solz (29 December 1855 – 27 October 1938) was a German politician. Born in Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) into the noble Trott zu Solz family, he became Minister of Culture of the Kingdom of Pr ...

(1855–1938) * 1909–1910:

Friedrich Wilhelm von Loebell Friedrich may refer to: Names *Friedrich (surname), people with the surname ''Friedrich'' *Friedrich (given name), people with the given name ''Friedrich'' Other *Friedrich (board game), a board game about Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' ...

(1855–1931) * 1910–1914: Alfred von Conrad (1852–1914) * 1914–1917: Rudolf von der Schulenburg (1860–1930) * 1917–1919: Friedrich Wilhelm von Loebell (1855–1931) * 1919–1933: Adolf Maier (1871–1963), DDP * 1933–1936: Wilhelm Kube (1887–1943),

NSDAP The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported t ...

* 1937–1945: Emil Stürtz (1892–1945), NSDAP, since 1936 per pro

Land Directors of Brandenburg

* 1876–1896: Albert Erdmann Karl Gerhard von Levetzow (1827–1903), German Conservative Party * 1896–1912: Otto Karl Gottlob von Manteuffel (1844–1913), German Conservative Party * 1912–1930: Joachim von Winterfeldt-Menkin (1865–1945) * 1930–1933: Hugo Swart (1885–1952) * 1933–1944: Dietloff von Arnim (1876–1945), NSDAP

Subdivisions

1905 Administrative Map Province of Brandenburg

From 1822 the province of Brandenburg was divided into two (governorates):

Frankfurt Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , " Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on it ...

and . Between 1816 and 1822 there was a third governorate – the – comprising the urban district of Berlin, the city of Charlottenburg and the municipalities of Gesundbrunnen, Lichtenberg, and Stralau. In 1822 the Berlin region merged into the Potsdam region.

Regierungsbezirk Berlin

Established in 1816 this governorate, an enclave in the Potsdam region, merged into the latter in 1822.

Regierungsbezirk Frankfurt

Urban districts ( Stadtkreise) # Cottbus (1886–1950, and from 1954; 1947–1952, and from 1990 part of Brandenburg state) # Forst (Lusatia), (1897–1950; quarters west of the Oder merged in Cottbus district; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Frankfurt (Oder), (until 1827, 1877–1950, and from 1952; 1947–1952, and from 1990 part of Brandenburg state) # Guben, (1884–1950; quarters west of the Oder merged in Cottbus district; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) #

Landsberg (Warthe) Landsberg may refer to: * Landsberg family * Landsberg (surname) Places * Landsberg (district), Bavaria, Germany * Landsberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany * Landsberg am Lech, Bavaria, Germany ** Landsberg-Lech Air Base, Germany ** Landsberg Prison, ...

, (1892–1945) Rural districts (

Landkreis In all German states, except for the three city states, the primary administrative subdivision higher than a '' Gemeinde'' (municipality) is the (official term in all but two states) or (official term in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia ...

e) # Arnswalde, (1818–1945; from 1938 part of Pomerania province) # Calau, (1818–1950; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Cottbus, (1818–1952; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Crossen (Oder), (1818–1945) # Cüstrin, (until 1836; merged into Königsberg district) # Friedeberg Nm. (i.e. in the New March; 1816–1945; from 1938 part of Pomerania province) # Guben, (1818–1950; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Königsberg Nm. (i.e. in the New March; 1816–15 March 1946, remainder west of the Oder merged into Angermünde, Lebus and Oberbarnim districts) #

, (1818–1945) # Lebus, (1816–1950; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Luckau, (1816–1952; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Lübben (Spreewald), (1816–1952; in 1835 Beeskow area ceded to Beeskow-Storkow; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Meseritz, (1818–1945; until 1938 part of Posen-West Prussia) # Oststernberg, (1873–1945; partitioned from Sternberg district) # Schwerin (Warthe) (1887–1945; until 1938 part of Posen-West Prussia) # Soldin, (1818–1945) # Sorau (Lusatia), (1816–1 April 1946, remainder west of the Oder merged into Cottbus, Forst and Spremberg districts) # Spremberg (Lusatia), (1818–1993; 1947–1952, and from 1990 part of Brandenburg state) # Sternberg, (1816–1873; partitioned into Ost- and Weststernberg) # Weststernberg, (1873–1945; partitioned from Sternberg district) # Züllichau-Schwiebus, (1818–1945)

Regierungsbezirk Potsdam

Urban districts ( Stadtkreise) #

, (1822–1881; on 1 April 1881 the city was disentangled from the Province of Brandenburg.Consisting of the mere one city of Berlin its lord mayor (german: Oberbürgermeister) fulfilled in

personal union A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, would involve the constituent states being to some extent interli ...

the task of the Landeshauptmann and the city council the role of the provincial committee. While the role of the upper president was taken by the Prussian government-appointed chief of police (german: Polizeipräsident in Berlin). Cf. ''Meyers großes Konversations-Lexikon'': 20 vols. – completely new ed. and ext. ed., Leipzig and Vienna: Bibliographisches Institut, 1903-1908, here vol. 2, article 'Berlin', p. 700. No ISBN) # Brandenburg (Havel), (from 1881; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Charlottenburg, (1877–1920; merged in Greater Berlin) # Eberswalde, (1911–1950; merged in Oberbarnim district; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Lichtenberg, (1908–1920; from 1912: known as Berlin-Lichtenberg; merged in Greater Berlin) # Potsdam, (from 1809; 1947–1952, and from 1990 part of Brandenburg state) # Rathenow, (1925–1950; merged in Westhavelland district; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Rixdorf, (1899–1920; from 1912: known as Berlin-Neukölln; merged in Greater Berlin) # Schöneberg, (1899–1920; from 1912: known as Berlin-Schöneberg; merged in Greater Berlin) #

, (1886–1920; merged in Greater Berlin) #

Wilmersdorf Wilmersdorf (), an inner-city locality of Berlin, lies south-west of the central city. Formerly a borough by itself, Wilmersdorf became part of the new borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf in Berlin's 2001 administrative reform. History The ...

, (1907–1920; from 1912: known as Berlin-Wilmersdorf; merged in Greater Berlin) # Wittenberge, (1922–1950; merged in Westprignitz district; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) Rural districts (

e) # Angermünde, (1818–1952; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Beeskow-Storkow, (1836–1950; combined from partitioned parts of Teltow-Storkow and Lübben; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Jüterbog-Luckenwalde (renamed as Luckenwalde district in 1946; 1818–1952; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) #

Niederbarnim Barnim () is a district in Brandenburg, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) Poland, the district of Märkisch-Oderland, the city state of Berlin and the districts of Oberhavel and Uckermark. History The name "Barnim" emer ...

(i.e. Lower Barnim; 1818–1952; widely merged in Greater Berlin in 1920; from 1947 remainder part of Brandenburg state) # Oberbarnim (i.e. Upper Barnim; 1818–1952; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Osthavelland (i.e. Eastern

Havelland Geographically, the Havelland is the region around which the River Havel flows in a U-shape between Oranienburg to the northeast and Rhinow to the northwest. The northern boundary of the Havelland is formed by the River Rhin and the Rhin Canal. ...

; 1816–1952; widely merged in Greater Berlin in 1920; from 1947 remainder part of Brandenburg state) # Ostprignitz (i.e. Eastern Prignitz; 1818–1952; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Prenzlau, (1818–1952; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Ruppin, (1818–1952; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) #

Teltow Teltow [] is a town in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany. Geography Teltow is part of the agglomeration of Berlin. The distance to the Berlin city centre is , while the distance to Potsdam is . The Teltow Canal links th ...

, (1836–1952; partitioned from Teltow-Storkow; widely merged in Greater Berlin in 1920; from 1947 remainder part of Brandenburg state) # Teltow-Storkow, (1816–1835; partitioned into Teltow and Storkow, which merged with northern Lübben to Beeskow-Storkow) # Templin, (1818–1952; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Westhavelland (i.e. Western Havelland; 1816–1952; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Westprignitz (i.e. Western Prignitz; 1818–1952; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state) # Zauch-Belzig, (1817–1952; from 1947 part of Brandenburg state)

References

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Further information

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brandenburg, Province Of 1816 establishments in Prussia 1946 disestablishments in Germany Provinces of Prussia States and territories disestablished in 1946