Teruel (
Catalan
Catalan may refer to:
Catalonia
From, or related to Catalonia:
* Catalan language, a Romance language
* Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia
Places
* 13178 Catalan, asteroid #1 ...
: ''Terol'' ) is a province of
Aragon
Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to sou ...
, in the northeast of Spain. The capital is
Teruel
Teruel () is a city in Aragon, located in eastern Spain, and is also the capital of Teruel Province. It has a population of 35,675 in 2014 making it the least populated provincial capital in the country. It is noted for its harsh climate, with ...
.
It is bordered by the provinces of
Tarragona
Tarragona (, ; Phoenician: ''Tarqon''; la, Tarraco) is a port city located in northeast Spain on the Costa Daurada by the Mediterranean Sea. Founded before the fifth century BC, it is the capital of the Province of Tarragona, and part of Tar ...
,
Castellón,
Valencia
Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...
(including its
exclave
An enclave is a territory (or a small territory apart of a larger one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is sometimes used improperly to deno ...
Rincón de Ademuz
Rincón de Ademuz is a Spanish comarca constituted as an exclave of both the Valencian Community and the Valencia province located between the provinces of Cuenca ( Castile-La Mancha) and Teruel (Aragon). It is part of the Spanish-speaking area in ...
),
Cuenca,
Guadalajara
Guadalajara ( , ) is a metropolis in western Mexico and the capital of the list of states of Mexico, state of Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 1,385,629 people, making it the 7th largest city by population in Me ...
, and
Zaragoza
Zaragoza, also known in English as Saragossa,''Encyclopædia Britannica'"Zaragoza (conventional Saragossa)" is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributari ...
. The area of the province is
14,809 km². Its population is 134,572 (2018), of whom about a quarter live in the capital, and its population density is 9.36/km². It contains 236 municipalities, of which more than half are villages of under 200 people. Teruel is the second-least populated province of
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
, also the second smallest in population density after
Soria
Soria () is a municipality and a Spanish city, located on the Douro river in the east of the autonomous community of Castile and León and capital of the province of Soria. Its population is 38,881 ( INE, 2017), 43.7% of the provincial populati ...
.
The main language throughout the province is Spanish (with official status), although
Catalan
Catalan may refer to:
Catalonia
From, or related to Catalonia:
* Catalan language, a Romance language
* Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia
Places
* 13178 Catalan, asteroid #1 ...
is spoken in a northeastern area bordering
Catalonia
Catalonia (; ca, Catalunya ; Aranese Occitan: ''Catalonha'' ; es, Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy.
Most of the territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the north ...
.
Geography
This province is located in the
mountainous
A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited Summit (topography), summit area, and ...
Sistema Ibérico
The Iberian System ( es, Sistema Ibérico, ) is one of the major systems of mountain ranges in Spain.
It consists of a vast and complex area of mostly relatively high and rugged mountain chains and massifs located in the central region of th ...
area. The main ranges in the province of Teruel are
Sierra de la Virgen,
Sierra de Santa Cruz,
Sierra de Cucalón
Sierra de Cucalón is a long system of mountain ranges in Aragon, Spain, located between the comarcas of Jiloca and Cuencas Mineras. Geography
These mountains are part of the Iberian System and are often covered with snow in the winter. Rivers ...
,
Sierra de San Just,
Sierra Carrascosa
Sierra Carrascosa is a mountain range in the Maestrazgo comarca of Aragon, Teruel Province, Spain. The highest point in the range is Muela Carrascosa (1,214 m). The Guadalope River flows along the NW side of the range. Geography
This 14 km lo ...
,
Sierra Menera
Sierra Menera is a long mountain range in the southwestern end of the Iberian System.
Administratively the Sierra Menera belongs to the Sierra de Albarracín, Jiloca and Comunidad de Teruel, comarcas of Aragon, as well as to the Province of Gu ...
,
Sierra Palomera,
Sierra de Javalambre
Sierra de Javalambre ( an, Sierra de Chabalambre) is a long mountain range in the Gúdar-Javalambre comarca of Aragon and the Rincón de Ademuz and Serrans comarcas of the Valencian Community, Spain.
Highway N-234 winds its way between Sier ...
,
Sierra de Gúdar
Sierra de Gúdar is a mountain range in the Gúdar-Javalambre and Maestrazgo comarcas of Aragon and the Alto Mijares comarca of the Valencian Community, Spain. The highest point in the range is Peñarroya (2,019 m).
Geography
This mountain ...
,
Sierra de Albarracín and the
Montes Universales
Montes Universales is a long mountain range in the southeastern end of the Iberian System. Its highest point is the 1,935 m high summit known as Caimodorro. The 1,830 m high Muela de San Juan is another important peak.
Administratively, the Mon ...
, among others.
Depopulation and neglect
Most of the Teruel Province has undergone massive depopulation since the middle of the 20th century. This situation is shared with other areas in Spain, particularly with those near the
Iberian mountain range (much of the provinces of
Soria
Soria () is a municipality and a Spanish city, located on the Douro river in the east of the autonomous community of Castile and León and capital of the province of Soria. Its population is 38,881 ( INE, 2017), 43.7% of the provincial populati ...
,
Guadalajara
Guadalajara ( , ) is a metropolis in western Mexico and the capital of the list of states of Mexico, state of Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 1,385,629 people, making it the 7th largest city by population in Me ...
and
Cuenca) and with other areas in
Aragón
Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises th ...
.
The exodus from the rural mountain areas in Teruel rose after
General Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 193 ...
's ''Plan de Estabilización'' in 1959. The population declined steeply as people migrated towards the industrial areas and the large cities in Spain, leaving behind their small villages where living conditions were often harsh, with cold winters and very basic facilities.
As a consequence there are many
ghost town
Ghost Town(s) or Ghosttown may refer to:
* Ghost town, a town that has been abandoned
Film and television
* Ghost Town (1936 film), ''Ghost Town'' (1936 film), an American Western film by Harry L. Fraser
* Ghost Town (1956 film), ''Ghost Town'' ...
s in different parts of the province.
A great number of surviving towns in Teruel province have only a residual population, reviving somewhat during the summer when a few city-dwellers spend their holidays there. Other causes of the strong emigration have been the low productivity of traditional agricultural practices, like sheep and goat farming, the closing of mines, like the large
Sierra Menera
Sierra Menera is a long mountain range in the southwestern end of the Iberian System.
Administratively the Sierra Menera belongs to the Sierra de Albarracín, Jiloca and Comunidad de Teruel, comarcas of Aragon, as well as to the Province of Gu ...
mine near
Ojos Negros, as well as the lifestyle changes that swept over rural Spain during the second half of the 20th century.
The "
Teruel Exists" ( es, link=no, Teruel existe) movement began at the turn of the 21st century. It is a platform of provincial authorities, institutions and sympathizers seeking to reverse the long-standing neglect of this province.
Teruel existe
/ref>
Population development
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Colors=
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id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7)
id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1)
ImageSize = width:650 height:auto barincrement:30
PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20
DateFormat = x.y
Period = from:0 till:270
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
AlignBars = late
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:50 start:0
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10 start:0
BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
PlotData=
color:skyblue width:20 shift:(-50,-5) fontsize:M anchor:till
bar:1877 from:0 till:249 text:248,765
bar:1887 from:0 till:247 text:246,817
bar:1900 from:0 till:252 text:251,994
bar:1910 from:0 till:266 text:265,908
bar:1920 from:0 till:264 text:264,062
bar:1930 from:0 till:264 text:263,700
bar:1940 from:0 till:246 text:245,960
bar:1950 from:0 till:243 text:243,269
bar:1960 from:0 till:224 text:223,758
bar:1970 from:0 till:174 text:173,861
bar:1980 from:0 till:153 text:153,457
bar:1990 from:0 till:144 text:143,680
bar:2000 from:0 till:136 text:135,858
bar:2010 from:0 till:143 text:143,162
bar:2020 from:0 till:134 text:134,176
TextData=
pos:(35,20) fontsize:M
text:"Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE"
Comarcas
The following Comarcas of Aragon are located in Teruel Province:
* Bajo Martín
* Jiloca
* Cuencas Mineras
Cuencas Mineras is a comarca in Aragon, Spain. It is located in Teruel Province, in the mountainous area of the Sistema Ibérico.
The administrative capital is Utrillas, with 3,346 inhabitants the largest town of the comarca, but the historical ...
* Andorra-Sierra de Arcos
Andorra-Sierra de Arcos is a Comarcas of Aragon, comarca in Aragon, Spain. It is located in Teruel Province and it is named after Sierra de Arcos, a range of this mountainous area of the Sistema Ibérico.
The capital is Andorra, Aragon, Andorra, wi ...
* Bajo Aragón
* Comunidad de Teruel
Communidad de Teruel is a comarca in Aragon, Spain. Its capital is Teruel, the capital of Teruel Province.
Teruel city gives its name to this comarca located in the mountainous Iberian System area.
Municipalities
Ababuj, Aguatón, Aguilar del A ...
* Maestrazgo
The Maestrazgo () or Maestrat () is a natural and historical mountainous region, located at the eastern end of the Sistema Ibérico mountain range, in Spain. It encompasses the north of the Autonomous Community of Valencia, in Castellón provinc ...
* Sierra de Albarracín Comarca
Sierra de Albarracín Comarca is a comarca in the Province of Teruel, Aragon region, northeastern Spain. It is located in mountain ranges of the Sistema Ibérico (Iberian System).
Geography
The Comarca de la Sierra de Albarracín is in an area ...
* Gúdar-Javalambre
Gúdar-Javalambre is a comarca in Aragon, Spain. The most important town is Mora de Rubielos.
This comarca is located at the southern end of Aragon, bordering the Valencian Community. The area is mountainous with the summits of the Sistema Ibé ...
* Matarranya
Notable people
* Luis Buñuel
Luis Buñuel Portolés (; 22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983) was a Spanish-Mexican filmmaker who worked in France, Mexico, and Spain. He has been widely considered by many film critics, historians, and directors to be one of the greatest and m ...
, film director from Calanda
* Gaspar Sanz
Francisco Bartolomé Sanz Celma (April 4, 1640 (baptized) – 1710), better known as Gaspar Sanz, was a Spanish composer, guitarist, and priest born to a wealthy family in Calanda in the comarca of Bajo Aragón, Spain. He studied music, theolog ...
, music composer from Calanda
* Antón García Abril
Antón García Abril OAXS (19 May 1933 – 17 March 2021) was a Spanish composer and musician. He composed many classical orchestral works, chamber and vocal pieces, as well as over 150 scores for film and television.
Biography
Between 1974 ...
, music composer
* Pablo Serrano
Pablo Serrano Aguilar, (8 March 1908, Crivillén, Teruel – 26 November 1985, Madrid) was a Spanish abstract sculptor.
Personal life
1920–1925. Pablo Serrano studied as a boarder in the Escuelas Profesionales Salesianas in Sarriá (Barcel ...
, sculptor from Crivillén
* Luis Milla, retired footballer who played for CD Teruel, FC Barcelona and R. Madrid
* David Civera
David Civera Gracia (born in Teruel, Aragón, Spain on 8 January 1979) is a Spanish singer.
Biography
Civera was born in Teruel, in 1979. His parents are José and Pilar and he has two sisters, Sonia is older than David, and Andrea is the you ...
, light music singer
* Federico Jiménez Losantos, author, journalist and radio host
* Manuel Pizarro Moreno
Manuel Amador Miguel Pizarro Moreno (born Teruel, September 29, 1951) is an economist, Spanish jurist, Lawyer of the State, exchange agent and stock exchange and former president of Endesa. He is academic of number of the Royal Academy of Jurisp ...
, businessman, politician and jurist
A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyses and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal qualification in law and often a legal practitioner. In the Uni ...
See also
* La Vaquilla del Ángel
*List of Aragonese comarcas Here is a list of the administrative ''comarcas'' (counties) in the autonomous community of Aragon in Spain. They were officially delimited in 1999, with substantial changes over a previously proposed division.
See also
*Comarcal council
*Com ...
*List of municipalities in Teruel
This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Teruel in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. There are 236 municipalities in the province.
See also List of Aragonese comarcas.
See also
*Geography of Spain
*List of cities in Sp ...
*Lower Aragon
Lower Aragon ( es, Bajo Aragón, an, Baixo Aragón, ca, Baix Aragó), also known as ''Tierra Baja'', is a natural and historical region in Aragon, Spain. The name "Lower Aragon" refers to the areas of the lowest altitude within the Ebro river ...
*Sistema Ibérico
The Iberian System ( es, Sistema Ibérico, ) is one of the major systems of mountain ranges in Spain.
It consists of a vast and complex area of mostly relatively high and rugged mountain chains and massifs located in the central region of th ...
*MotorLand Aragón
MotorLand Aragón (alternative Spanish name: Circuito de Alcañiz) is a race track used for motorsports located in Alcañiz, Spain.
The circuit was designed by German architect Hermann Tilke in conjunction with the British architectural bus ...
Notes and references
External links
Teruel.org
Teruel Info. – Caciquismo & desarrollismo
– N.B. This text-only website is in Japanese. Content not clear.
Teruel Digital
Directory in dmoz.org
Fundación Amantes de Teruel
Deteruel.com — Comunidad virtual de Teruel
El número de ancianos españoles aumenta un 20% en 13 años
{{DEFAULTSORT:Teruel, Province of