''Proletariatis Brdzola'' (

Georgian Georgian may refer to: Common meanings * Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country) ** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group ** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians **Georgian scripts, three scrip ...

პროლეტარიატის ბრძოლა, 'Struggle of the Proletariat') was an illegal

Bolshevik The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...

newspaper. ''Proletariatis Brdzola'' was the organ of the Caucasian League of the

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP; in , ''Rossiyskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya (RSDRP)''), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or the Russian Social Democratic Party, was a socialist pol ...

. It was founded in connection with the 1st congress of Caucasian League. The paper was the result of the fusion of two illegal publications, the

''Brdzola'' and the

Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...

''Proletariat''.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; ) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya e ...

«Пролетариатис брдзола»
/ref> Initially, the paper was printed at the clandestine printing shop '

Nina Nina may refer to: * Nina (name), a feminine given name and surname Acronyms *National Iraqi News Agency, a news service in Iraq * Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, on the campus of Norwegian University of Science and Technology *No income, ...

' in

Baku Baku (, ; az, Bakı ) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Baku is located below sea level, which makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world a ...

. In September 1904 the printing was shifted to

Tbilisi Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the Capital city, capital and the List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia, lying on the ...

. ''Proletariatis Brdzola'' was published in

and

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

. The Georgian edition had a circulation of 1200-2500 copies, the Armenian edition 1000-1200 copies and the Russian edition around 1200-1500 copies. Its editorial board included V. S. Bobrovsky,

M. N. Davitashvili ( ; ; pl. ; ; 1512, from Middle French , literally "my lord") is an honorific title that was used to refer to or address the eldest living brother of the king in the French royal court. It has now become the customary French title of resp ...

Filipp Makharadze Filipp Yeseyevich Makharadze ( ka, ფილიპე მახარაძე, russian: Филипп Махарадзе; 9 March 1868 – 10 December 1941) was a Georgian Bolshevik revolutionary and government official. Life Born in the villag ...

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

Alexander Tsulukidze Alexander "Sasha" Tsulukidze ( ka, ალექსანდრე “საშა” წულუკიძე; russian: Александр Григорьевич Цулукидзе; 1 November 1876, Khoni – 8 June 1905, Kutaisi) was a Georgian ...

, M. G. Tskhakaya and

Stepan Shahumyan Stepan Georgevich Shaumian (; , ''Step’an Ge'vorgi Shahumyan''; 1 October 1878 – 20 September 1918) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and politician active throughout the Caucasus. Arzumanyan, M. Շահումյան, Ստեփան Գևորգի. ...

. The editorial board of ''Proletariatis Brdzola'' had contacts with the exiled Bolshevik leadership. It repeatedly published articles by

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...

and other material from publications such as ''

Iskra ''Iskra'' ( rus, Искра, , ''the Spark'') was a political newspaper of Russian socialist emigrants established as the official organ of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). History Due to political repression under Tsar Nicho ...

'', '' Vperod'' and ''

Proletary ''Proletary'' (The Proletarian) was an illegal Russian Bolshevik newspaper edited by Lenin; it was published from September 3, 1906 until December 11, 1909. A total of fifty issues having appeared. Active participants in the editorial work were Mi ...

''. ''Proletariatis Brdzola'' was published between April–May 1903 and October 1905. In total twelve issues were published.Lenin: Editorial Epilogue to the Article 'The Third Congress on Trial Before the Caucasian Mensheviks'
/ref>

References

Newspapers published in the Russian Empire Socialist newspapers Defunct newspapers published in Russia Russian-language newspapers Georgian-language newspapers Armenian-language newspapers Mass media in Baku Mass media in Tbilisi 1900s establishments in Georgia (country) 1903 establishments in the Russian Empire 1905 disestablishments in the Russian Empire {{georgia-newspaper-stub