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Professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation, often called simply ''certification'' or ''qualification'', is a designation earned by a person to assure qualification to perform a job or task. Not all certifications that use
post-nominal letters Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, academic degree, accreditation, ...
are an acknowledgement of educational achievement, or an agency appointed to safeguard the public interest.


Overview

A certification is a third-party attestation of an individual's level of knowledge or proficiency in a certain industry or profession. They are granted by authorities in the field, such as professional societies and universities, or by private certificate-granting agencies. Most certifications are time-limited; some expire after a period of time (e.g., the lifetime of a product that required certification for use), while others can be renewed indefinitely as long as certain requirements are met. Renewal usually requires ongoing education to remain up-to-date on advancements in the field, evidenced by earning the specified number of continuing education credits (CECs), or continuing education units (CEUs), from approved professional development courses. Many certification programs are affiliated with professional associations, trade organizations, or private vendors interested in raising industry standards. Certificate programs are often created or endorsed by professional associations, but are typically completely independent from membership organizations. Certifications are very common in fields such as aviation, construction, technology, environment, and other industrial sectors, as well as healthcare, business, real estate, and finance. According to ''The Guide to National Professional Certification Programs'' (1997) by Phillip Barnhart, "certifications are portable, since they do not depend on one company's definition of a certain job" and they provide potential employers with "an impartial, third-party endorsement of an individual's professional knowledge and experience". Certification is different from professional licensure. In the United States, licenses are typically issued by state agencies, whereas certifications are usually awarded by professional societies or educational institutes. Obtaining a certificate is voluntary in some fields, but in others, certification from a government-accredited agency may be legally required to perform certain jobs or tasks. In other countries, licenses are typically granted by professional societies or universities and require a certificate after about three to five years and so on thereafter. The assessment process for certification may be more comprehensive than that of licensure, though sometimes the assessment process is very similar or even the same, despite differing in terms of legal status. The
American National Standards Institute The American National Standards Institute (ANSI ) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The orga ...
(ANSI) defines the standard for being a certifying agency as meeting the following two requirements: # Delivering an assessment based on industry knowledge that is independent from training courses or course providers # Granting a time-limited credential to anyone who meets the assessment standards The
Institute for Credentialing Excellence The Institute for Credentialing Excellence (ICE) is one of the two main U.S. organizations that accredit personnel certifications or certificates. In November 2009 the ICE formally changed its name from the National Organization for Competency As ...
(ICE) is a U.S.-based organization that sets standards for the accreditation of personnel certification and certificate programs based on the '' Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing'', a joint publication of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME). Many members of the
Association of Test Publishers The Association of Test Publishers or ATP is an established non-profit trade association representing providers of tests and assessment tools and/or services related to assessment, selection, screening, certification Certification is the pr ...
(ATP) are also certification organizations.


Categorization

There are three general types of certification. Listed in order of development level and portability, they are: corporate (internal), product-specific, and profession-wide. Corporate, or "internal" certifications, are made by a
corporation A corporation is an organization—usually a group of people or a company—authorized by the state to act as a single entity (a legal entity recognized by private and public law "born out of statute"; a legal person in legal context) and ...
or low-stakes organization for internal purposes. For example, a corporation might require a one-day training course for all sales personnel, after which they receive a certificate. While this certificate has limited portability – to other corporations, for example – it is the most simple to develop. Product-specific certifications are more involved, and are intended to be referenced to a product across all applications. This approach is very prevalent in the
information technology Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to create, process, store, retrieve, and exchange all kinds of data . and information. IT forms part of information and communications technology (ICT). An information technology syste ...
(IT) industry, where personnel are certified on a version of
software Software is a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data. This is in contrast to hardware, from which the system is built and which actually performs the work. At the lowest programming level, executable code consist ...
or hardware. This type of certification is portable across locations (for example, different corporations that use that software), but not across other products. Another example could be the certifications issued for shipping personnel, which are under international standards even for the recognition of the certification body, under the
International Maritime Organization The International Maritime Organization (IMO, French: ''Organisation maritime internationale'') is a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping. The IMO was established following agreement at a UN conference ...
(IMO). The most general type of certification is profession-wide. Certification in the medical profession is often offered by particular specialties. In order to apply professional standards, increase the level of practice, and protect the public, a professional organization might establish a certification. This is intended to be portable to all places a certified professional might work. Of course, this generalization increases the cost of such a program; the process to establish a legally defensible assessment of an entire profession is very extensive. An example of this is a
Certified Public Accountant Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is the title of qualified accountants in numerous countries in the English-speaking world. It is generally equivalent to the title of chartered accountant in other English-speaking countries. In the United Sta ...
 (CPA), which would not be certified for just one corporation or one piece of accountancy software but for general work in the profession.


Professional certificates awarded by tertiary education providers

Many tertiary education providers grant professional certificates as an award for the completion of an educational program. The curriculum of a professional certificate is most often in a focused subject matter. Many professional certificates have the same curriculum as master's degrees in the same subject. Many other professional certificates offer the same courses as master's degrees in the same subject, but require the student to take fewer total courses to complete the program. Some professional certificates have a curriculum that more closely resembles a baccalaureate major in the same field. The typical professional certificate program is between 200 and 300 class-hours in size. It is uncommon for a program to be larger or smaller than that. Most professional certificate programs are open enrollment, but some have admissions processes. A few universities put some of their professional certificates into a subclass they refer to as advanced professional certificates. Some of the more commonly offered professional certificates include: * Professional Certificate in Accounting (PCA) * Professional Certificate in Accounting and Finance (PCAF) * Professional Certificate in Taxation (PCIT) * Professional Certificate in Transfer Pricing (PCITP) * Professional Certificate in Contract Management (PCCM) * Professional Certificate in Customer Relationship Management (PCCRM) * Professional Certificate in Facility Management (PCFM) * Professional Certificate in Financial Planning (PCFP) * Professional Certificate in Graphic Design (PCGD) * Professional Certificate in Small Business Management (PCSBM) * Professional Certificate in Human Resources (PCHR) * Professional Certificate in Marketing (PCM) * Professional Certificate in Digital Marketing (PCDM) * Professional Certificate in Paralegal Studies (PCPS) * Professional Certificate in Project Management (PCPM) * Professional Certificate in Supply Chain Management (PCSCM) * Professional Certificate in Store Management (PCSM) * Professional Certificate in Materials Management (PCMM) * Professional Certificate in Technical Communication (PCTC)


Advanced professional certificate

''Advanced professional certificates'' are professional credentials designed to help
professional A professional is a member of a profession or any person who works in a specified professional activity. The term also describes the standards of education and training that prepare members of the profession with the particular knowledge and sk ...
s enhance their job performance and marketability in their respective fields. In many other countries, certificates are qualifications in
higher education Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after compl ...
. In the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
, a certificate may be offered by an institute of higher education. These certificates usually signify that a student has reached a standard of knowledge of a certain vocational subject. Certificate programs can be completed more quickly than associate degrees and often do not have general education requirements. An advanced professional certificate is a result of an educational process designed for individuals. Certificates are designed for both newcomers to the industry as well as seasoned professionals. Certificates are awarded by an
educational program An educational program is a program written by the institution or ministry of education which determines the learning progress of each subject in all the stages of formal education. See also * Philosophy of education *Curriculum In education ...
or academic institution. Completion of a certificate program indicates completion of a course or series of courses with a specific concentration that is different from an educational degree program. Course content for an advanced certificate is set forth through a variety of sources i.e.
faculty Faculty may refer to: * Faculty (academic staff), the academic staff of a university (North American usage) * Faculty (division) A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject ...
,
committee A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly. A committee is not itself considered to be a form of assembly. Usually, the assembly sends matters into a committee as a way to explore them more ...
, instructors, and other subject matter experts in a related field. The end goal of an advanced professional certificate is so that professionals may demonstrate knowledge of course content at the end of a set period in time.


Areas of certification


Accountancy, auditing and finance

There are many professional bodies for accountants and auditors throughout the world; some of them are legally recognized in their jurisdictions. Public accountants are the accountancy and
control Control may refer to: Basic meanings Economics and business * Control (management), an element of management * Control, an element of management accounting * Comptroller (or controller), a senior financial officer in an organization * Controlli ...
experts that are legally certified in different
jurisdiction Jurisdiction (from Latin 'law' + 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. In federations like the United States, areas of jurisdiction apply to local, state, and federal levels. J ...
s to work in public practices, certifying accounts as statutory auditors, eventually selling advice and services to other individuals and businesses. Today, however, many work within private corporations, financial industry, and government bodies.


Accounting and external auditing

Cf. Accountancy qualifications and regulation * CPA ( Chartered Professional Accountant), the unified accounting designation in Canada conferred by CPA Canada. * CA or Chartered Accountant conferred by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. * Institute of Chartered Accountants within the Commonwealth e.g. Australia and New Zealand, South Africa, Canada (before merger into CPA). With mutual recognition with each other and with the UK * ACA, FCA or CA ( Chartered Accountant) conferred by Institutes of Chartered Accountants in various territories, namely the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. * ACMA or FCMA (Associate or Fellow Chartered Management Accountant) conferred by the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (UK) * Associate or Fellow Chartered Certified Accountant ( ACCA or FCCA) conferred by Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (UK) * AFA or FFA (Associate or Fellow Incorporated Financial Accountant) conferred by the Institute of Financial Accountants (UK) * AAIA or
FAIA Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) is a postnominal title or membership, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). Fellowship is bestowed by the institute on AIA-memb ...
(Associate or Fellow International Accountant) conferred by Association of International Accountants * MIPA or FIPA (Member or Fellow of the
Institute of Public Accountants The Institute of Public Accountants (IPA) is one of the three legally recognised professional bodies for accountants in Australia. The IPA represents more than 40,000 members and students working in industry, commerce, government, academia and ...
who use the designation "Public Accountant") conferred by the
Institute of Public Accountants The Institute of Public Accountants (IPA) is one of the three legally recognised professional bodies for accountants in Australia. The IPA represents more than 40,000 members and students working in industry, commerce, government, academia and ...
(Australia) * CPA (
Certified Public Accountant Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is the title of qualified accountants in numerous countries in the English-speaking world. It is generally equivalent to the title of chartered accountant in other English-speaking countries. In the United Sta ...
) conferred by State Accountancy Boards in the US, Hong-Kong, Canada ... * CMA (
Certified Management Accountant Certified Management Accountant (CMA) is a professional certification credential in the management accounting and financial management fields. The certification signifies that the person possesses knowledge in the areas of financial planning, ...
) conferred by Institute of Certified Management Accountants (ICMA in Australia),
Institute of Management Accountants The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA), formerly known as the National Association of Cost Accountants (NACA), is a professional organization of accountants. History IMA was founded in 1919 in Buffalo, New York as the National Associ ...
(IMA in US) * CCC (Chartered Cost Controllers) issued and conferred by the
American Academy of Financial Management The American Academy of Financial Management (AAFM) was a US-based board of standards, certifying body, and accreditation council focused on the finance sector and wealth management professionals.. AAFM was superseded by the Global Academy of Fin ...
USA Certifying Board ( AAFM) * CFS (Certified Finance Specialist) conferred by IQN


Internal auditing and fraud combat

* cAAP (Certified Agile Auditor Professional) awarded by cRisk Academy for proficiency in Agile Auditing * cCAE (Certified Chief Audit Executive) awarded by cRisk Academy for proficiency in starting and running an Internal Audit department * cORCM (Certification in Objective-Centric Risk and Certainty Management) awarded by cRisk Academy * cPIA (Certified Practitioner in Internal Audit) awarded by cRisk Academy for proficiency in Internal Auditing * cRBIA (Certified Risk-Based Internal Auditor) awarded by cRisk Academy for proficiency in Risk-Based Internal Auditing * CIA (
Certified Internal Auditor The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) is an organization which advocates, provides educational conferences, and develops standards, guidance, and certifications for the internal audit profession. History Established in 1941, the IIA today ...
): CCSA, Certification in Control Self Assessment; CGAP, Certified Government Auditing Professional; CRMA, Certification in Risk Management Assurance; QIAL, Qualification in Internal Audit Leadership, conferred by the internationally recognized
Institute of Internal Auditors The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) is an organization which advocates, provides educational conferences, and develops standards, guidance, and certifications for the internal audit profession. History Established in 1941, the IIA today ...
(IIA) headquartered in Lake Mary, Florida, with chapters in many countries * CFE ( Certified Fraud Examiner) conferred by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) headquartered in Texas with chapters in many countries * CFF (
Certified in Financial Forensics Certified in Financial Forensics (CFF) is a specialty credential in financial forensics issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). History The CFF credential was established in 2008 to designate expertise in forens ...
) awarded by the American Institute of CPAs * CISA ( Certified Information Systems Auditor) awarded by the
Information Systems Audit and Control Association Information is an abstract concept that refers to that which has the power to inform. At the most fundamental level information pertains to the interpretation of that which may be sensed. Any natural process that is not completely random, ...
headquartered in the US with chapters in many countries * CAMS (Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist) offered by Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists (ACAMS) and advanced CAMS * CGSS (Certified Global Sanctions Specialist) conferred by Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists (ACAMS) *CSA (Certified Strategic Auditor) conferred by Association of Certified Strategic Auditors (ACSA) https://www.acsaglobal.com *IACCP (Investment Adviser Certified Compliance Professional) conferred by the Investment Adviser Association (IAA) and National Regulatory Services (NRS) *CPERM (Certified Professional in Enterprise Risk Management) conferred by the Academy of Professional Certification Company (APC) which endorsed by HKSARG


Finance

* CFS (Certified Finance Specialist) conferred by IQN * CFA ( Chartered Financial Analyst) conferred by
CFA Institute The CFA Institute is a global, not-for-profit professional organization that provides investment professionals with finance education. The institute aims to promote standards in ethics, education, and professional excellence in the global investme ...
(CFA) * ChFM Chartered Financial Manager International Board of Standards
gafm.org
conferred by International Board of Standards * CIIA (
Certified International Investment Analyst Certified International Investment Analyst (CIIA) is a global finance designation offered by the Association of Certified International Investment Analysts (ACIIA) to financial professionals; candidates may be financial analysts, portfolio manager ...
) conferred by the Association of Certified International Investment Analysts (ACIIA) *IACCP (Investment Adviser Certified Compliance Professional) conferred by the Investment Adviser Association (IAA) and National Regulatory Services (NRS)


= Investments

= * CFS (Certified Finance Specialist) conferred by IQN * CFA ( Chartered Financial Analyst) conferred by
CFA Institute The CFA Institute is a global, not-for-profit professional organization that provides investment professionals with finance education. The institute aims to promote standards in ethics, education, and professional excellence in the global investme ...
(CFA) * ChFM Chartered Financial Manager conferred by International Board of Standards * CIPM (
Certificate in Investment Performance Measurement The Certificate in Investment Performance Measurement (CIPM) is a professional accreditation in the field of investment performance analysis. It includes investment performance measurement and attribution. It is offered by the CIPM Association, a ...
) conferred by
CFA Institute The CFA Institute is a global, not-for-profit professional organization that provides investment professionals with finance education. The institute aims to promote standards in ethics, education, and professional excellence in the global investme ...
(CFA) * CIIA (
Certified International Investment Analyst Certified International Investment Analyst (CIIA) is a global finance designation offered by the Association of Certified International Investment Analysts (ACIIA) to financial professionals; candidates may be financial analysts, portfolio manager ...
) conferred by the Association of Certified International Investment Analysts (ACIIA) * ASA (Accredited Senior Appraiser), AM (Accredited Member), and CEIV (Certified in Entity and Intangible Valuations) conferred by the American Society of Appraisers * CBV (Chartered Business Valuator) conferred by the
CBV Institute The CBV Institute (french: L’Institut des CBV), formerly known as the Canadian Institute of Chartered Business Valuators (CICBV), is a Canadian business valuation organization. The CBV Institute is a not-for-profit valuation professional organi ...
. * CVA ( Certified Valuation Analyst) conferred by the NACVA. * CAIA ( Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst) conferred by the CAIA Association *IACCP (Investment Adviser Certified Compliance Professional) conferred by the Investment Adviser Association (IAA) and National Regulatory Services (NRS) * FRM ( Financial Risk Manager) conferred by
Global Association of Risk Professionals Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP) is a not-for-profit organization and a membership association for risk managers. Its services include setting standards, training, education, industry networking, and promoting risk management practi ...
(GARP) * PRM ( Professional Risk Manager) conferred by
Professional Risk Managers' International Association The Professional Risk Managers' International Association (PRMIA) is a non-profit, member-driven professional organization that focuses on the development and education of the risk management profession. Its membership provides a network of risk ...
(PRMIA) * FMVA (Financial Modeling and Valuation Analyst) conferred by
Corporate Finance Institute Corporate Finance Institute (CFI) is an online training and education platform for finance and investment professionals, providing courses and certifications in financial modeling, valuation, and other corporate finance topics. These are the s ...
(CFI). * CQF ( Certificate in Quantitative Finance), conferred by the CQF Institute


= Payroll

= * CPP (Certified Payroll Professional) and FPC (Fundamental Payroll Specialist) conferred by the American Payroll Association. * Payroll Compliance Practitioner (PCP) and Certified Payroll Manager (CPM) conferred by the National Payroll Institute


= Personal finance

= * CFS (Certified Finance Specialist) conferred by IQN * CFA ( Chartered Financial Analyst) conferred by
CFA Institute The CFA Institute is a global, not-for-profit professional organization that provides investment professionals with finance education. The institute aims to promote standards in ethics, education, and professional excellence in the global investme ...
(CFA) * ChFM Chartered Financial Manager conferred by International Board of Standards * CFP ( Certified Financial Planner) conferred by Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards and Financial Planning Standards Board * CCP (
Certified Credit Professional Certified Credit Professional (CCP) is the Canadian designation awarded to professionals in the credit management field by the Credit Institute of Canada (CIC). A CCP designation holder is a member of the Credit Institute of Canada and is boun ...
) issued to credit management professionals in Canada by the
Credit Institute of Canada The Credit Institute of Canada (CIC) (french: Institut de crédit du Canada) is a not-for-profit organization created by a special Act of Parliament on June 11, 1928. The CIC provides credit management resources, education and certification to it ...
* EA ( Enrolled Agent) by the
Internal Revenue Service The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the revenue service for the United States federal government, which is responsible for collecting U.S. federal taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code, the main body of the federal statutory t ...
(IRS) * CFC (Certified Financial Consultant) conferred by the Institute of Financial Consultants


= Public finance

= * CCMT (
Certified California Municipal Treasurer A Certified California Municipal Treasurer (CCMT) is a post-nominal professional certification awarded by the California Municipal Treasurers Association (CMTA) to California public treasurers who meet standards of education, experience, and a stat ...
) conferred by
California Municipal Treasurers Association California Municipal Treasurers Association (CMTA) is the professional society of active public treasurers of California counties, cities, and special districts. It sets ethical standards for the treasury profession in state and local government ...
(CMTA) * CGAP (Certified Government Auditing Professional) conferred by the
Institute of Internal Auditors The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) is an organization which advocates, provides educational conferences, and develops standards, guidance, and certifications for the internal audit profession. History Established in 1941, the IIA today ...
, based on the US Government Auditing Standards (Yellow Book) and additionally on COSO, IIA standards and INTOSAI ISSAI standards recognized worldwide in public finance * CDFM (Certified Defense Financial Manager) conferred by American Society of Military Comptrollers (ASMC) * CFO (Certified Financial Officer) conferred by the Carl Vinson Institute of Government of the
University of Georgia , mottoeng = "To teach, to serve, and to inquire into the nature of things.""To serve" was later added to the motto without changing the seal; the Latin motto directly translates as "To teach and to inquire into the nature of things." , establ ...
* CGFM (
Certified Government Financial Manager A Certified Government Financial Manager (CGFM) is a professional certification issued by the Association of Government Accountants (AGA) in the United States. It was created in 1994 to provide a professional standard of financial expertise and et ...
) conferred by Association of Government Accountants (AGA) * CGAT (Certified Governmental Accounting Technician), conferred by Government Finance Officers Association of Alabama * CGFO (Certified Government Finance Officer) conferred by Government Finance Officers Association of Texas (GFOAT) * CGFO (Certified Government Finance Officer), conferred by Florida Government Finance Officers Association (FGFOA) * CGFO (Certified Government Finance Officer) conferred by Louisiana Government Finance Officers Association * CMFO (Certified Municipal Finance Officer) conferred by Government Finance Officers of New Jersey,
Rutgers University Rutgers University (; RU), officially Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is a public land-grant research university consisting of four campuses in New Jersey. Chartered in 1766, Rutgers was originally called Queen's College, and was ...
, and the State of
New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delawa ...
* CMFO (Certified Municipal Finance Officer) conferred by Tennessee Comptroller of the Treasury and the Municipal Technical Advisory Service * CPFO (Certified Public Finance Officer) conferred by Government Finance Officers Association * CPFA (Certified Public Finance Administrator) conferred by Association of Public Treasurers of the United States and Canada (APTUSC) * GFO (Government Finance Officer) conferred by Government Finance Officers Association of South Carolina (GFOASC) * North Carolina Local Governmental Finance Officer conferred by North Carolina Government Finance Officers Association and the North Carolina Association of County Finance Officers


Aging services

* Certified Aging in Place Specialist (CAPS) * Certified Daily Money Managers * Certified Elder Law * Certified Living in Place (CLIPP) * Certified Senior Advisor (CSA) * Certified At-risk Adult Crime Tactics Specialist (CACTS) * Cognitive Care Certification (CCC)


Architecture

* AIA (Member, American Institute of Architects) conferred by
American Institute of Architects The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to s ...
* FAIA (Fellow, American Institute of Architects) conferred by
American Institute of Architects The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to s ...
* RA ( Registered Architect) conferred by National Council of Architecture Registration Boards * NCARB (
Certified Certification is the provision by an independent body of written assurance (a certificate) that the product, service or system in question meets specific requirements. It is the formal attestation or confirmation of certain characteristics of a ...
) issued by National Council of Architecture Registration Boards – this allows for state-state reciprocity.


Archival science, information privacy, and records management

* CA (Certified Archivist), conferred by Academy of Certified Archivists * CIP (Certified Information Professional) conferred by AIIM * CIPM (Certified Information Privacy Manager) conferred by International Association of Privacy Professionals * CIPP (Certified Information Privacy Professional) conferred by International Association of Privacy Professionals * CIPT (Certified Information Privacy Technologist) conferred by International Association of Privacy Professionals * CRA (Certified Records Analyst) conferred by
Institute of Certified Records Managers The Institute of Certified Records Managers or ICRM is an international certifying organization of and for professional records and information managers. It is affiliated with ARMA International and the Nuclear Information and Records Management A ...
* CRM (Certified Records Manager) conferred by
Institute of Certified Records Managers The Institute of Certified Records Managers or ICRM is an international certifying organization of and for professional records and information managers. It is affiliated with ARMA International and the Nuclear Information and Records Management A ...
* IGP (Information Governance Professional) conferred by ARMA International


Aviation

Aviators are certified through theoretical and in-flight examinations. Requirements for certifications are quite equal in most countries and are regulated by each National Aviation Authority. The existing certificates or pilot licenses are: * SPL (Sport Pilot License) conferred by the FAA (
Federal Aviation Administration The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest transportation agency of the U.S. government and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well as over surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic ...
) * PPL (Private Pilot License) conferred by the FAA (
Federal Aviation Administration The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest transportation agency of the U.S. government and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well as over surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic ...
) or JAA ( Joint Aviation Authorities) * CPL ( Commercial Pilot Licence) conferred by the FAA (
Federal Aviation Administration The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest transportation agency of the U.S. government and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well as over surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic ...
) or JAA ( Joint Aviation Authorities) * ATP ( Airline Transport Pilot) conferred by the FAA (
Federal Aviation Administration The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest transportation agency of the U.S. government and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well as over surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic ...
) or JAA ( Joint Aviation Authorities) Licensing in these categories require not only examinations but also a minimum number of flight hours. All categories are available for Fixed-Wing Aircraft (
airplane An airplane or aeroplane (informally plane) is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad ...
s) and Rotatory-Wing Aircraft (
helicopter A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward and laterally. These attribu ...
s). Within each category, aviators may also obtain certifications in: * Instrument Flight Rules ( IFR) * Multi-engine aircraft *
Turbojet The turbojet is an airbreathing jet engine which is typically used in aircraft. It consists of a gas turbine with a propelling nozzle. The gas turbine has an air inlet which includes inlet guide vanes, a compressor, a combustion chamber, a ...
Engines *
Jet Engine A jet engine is a type of reaction engine discharging a fast-moving jet (fluid), jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this broad definition can include Rocket engine, rocket, Pump-jet, water jet, and ...
s *
Experimental aircraft An experimental aircraft is an aircraft intended for testing new aerospace technologies and design concepts. The term ''research aircraft'' or '' testbed aircraft'', by contrast, generally denotes aircraft modified to perform scientific studies, ...
*
Amphibious aircraft An amphibious aircraft or amphibian is an aircraft (typically fixed-wing) that can take off and land on both solid ground and water, though amphibious helicopters do exist as well. Fixed-wing amphibious aircraft are seaplanes ( flying boa ...
*
Seaplane A seaplane is a powered fixed-wing aircraft capable of taking off and landing (alighting) on water.Gunston, "The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary", 2009. Seaplanes are usually divided into two categories based on their technological characteri ...
s Usually, aviators must be certified also in their log books for the type and model of aircraft they are allowed to fly. Currency checks as well as regular medical check-ups with a frequency of 6 months, 12 months, or 36 months, depending on the type of flying permitted, are obligatory. An aviator can fly only if holding: * A valid pilot license * A valid medical certificate * Valid certifications for the type of aircraft and type of flight. In
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
, the ANSP, ATCO & ANSP technicians are certified according to EUROCONTROL Safety Regulatory Requirement (ESARRs) (according to EU regulation 2096/2005 "Common Requirements").


Biomedical

* BMD (Biomedical Electronics Technician) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association * BIET (Biomedical Imaging Electronics Technician) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association


Business

* CSA (Certified Strategic Auditor) conferred by Association of Certified Strategic Auditors (ACSA) * CSM (Certified Strategic Manager) conferred by IQN * CPSM (Certified Professional in Supply Management) conferred by Institute for Supply Management (ISM) * CPSD (Certified Professional in Supplier Diversity) conferred by Institute for Supply Management (ISM)


Chiropractic


Communications

In the United States, several communications certifications are conferred by the Electronics Technicians Association.


Computer technology

Certification is often used in the professions of
software engineering Software engineering is a systematic engineering approach to software development. A software engineer is a person who applies the principles of software engineering to design, develop, maintain, test, and evaluate computer software. The term '' ...
and
information technology Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to create, process, store, retrieve, and exchange all kinds of data . and information. IT forms part of information and communications technology (ICT). An information technology syste ...
. * CITP (Chartered IT Professional) conferred by British Computer Society, The Institution of Engineering and Technology and by other professional engineering institutions in the UK and commonwealth


Contract management

• CPCM (Certified Professional Contract Manager) conferred by the National Contract Management Association. • CPM (Commercial Project Manager) conferred by Commercial Officers Group. • CPSM (Certified Professional in Supply Management) conferred by Institute for Supply Management (ISM)


Dance

Conferred by the International Dance Council CID at UNESCO, the International Certification of Dance Studies is awarded to students who have completed 150 hours of classes in a specific form of dance for Level 1. Another 150 hours are required for Level 2 and so on till Level 10. This is the only international certification for dance since the International Dance Council CID is the official body for all forms of dance; it is usually given in addition to local or national certificates, that is why it is colloquially called "the dancer's passport". Students cannot apply for this certification directly – they have to ask their school to apply on their behalf. This certification is awarded free of charge, there is no cost other than membership fees. International Dance Council CID at UNESCO administers the International Certification of Dance Studies.


Data management

* Business Intelligence and Data Analyst (BIDA) by
Corporate Finance Institute Corporate Finance Institute (CFI) is an online training and education platform for finance and investment professionals, providing courses and certifications in financial modeling, valuation, and other corporate finance topics. These are the s ...
(CFI). * Certified Data Management Professional (CDMP) by DAMA International.


Dentistry


Electronics

In the United States, several electronics certifications are provided by the Electronics Technicians Association.


Emergency management

The
Federal Emergency Management Agency The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS), initially created under President Jimmy Carter by Presidential Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978 and implemented by two Ex ...
's EMI offers credentials and training opportunities for United States citizens. Students do not have to be employed by FEMA or be federal employees for some of the programs. * Advance Professional Series (APS) Credential * Continuity Excellence Series, Level I and II * Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience * Disaster Field Training Operations (DFTO) * Emergency Management Professional Program (EMPP) * Executive Fire Officer Program (EFOP) * Integrated Emergency Management Courses (IEMC) * Master Exercise Practitioner Program (MEPP) * Master Trainer Program (MTP) * Professional Development Series (PDS) Credential * Virtual Table Top Exercise (VTTX) Series


Engineering

Professional engineering is any act of planning, designing, composing, measuring, evaluating, inspecting, advising, reporting, directing or supervising, or managing any of the foregoing, that requires the application of engineering principles and that concerns the safeguarding of life, health, property, economic interests, the public interest or the environment. * P.Eng. ( Professional Engineer), conferred by provincial licensing bodies in Canada. * Ir. or P.Eng. ( Professional Engineer), conferred by Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) in Malaysia. * PE ( Professional Engineer), conferred by Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) and state licensing bodies in the United States. * PE ( Power Engineer), conferred by provincial safety authorities in Canada. * EUR ING ( European Engineer), conferred by the European Federation of National Engineering Associations (FEANI). * C.Eng. ( Chartered Engineer), conferred by professional engineering institutions in the UK and commonwealth. * SMIEEE (Senior member of the
IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a 501(c)(3) professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering (and associated disciplines) with its corporate office in New York City and its operati ...
), a professional designation throughout all of the United States. * CET ( Certified Engineering Technologist) or AScT ( Applied Science Technologist), conferred by provincial licensing bodies in Canada. * SPE Society of Petroleum Engineers Certificate Is a program whereby it certifies the technical knowledge of petroleum engineers. The certification is granted based on an examination in conjunction with experience of the applicant.


Event planning

Event planning includes budgeting, scheduling, site selection, acquiring necessary permits, coordinating transportation and parking, arranging for speakers or entertainers, arranging decor, event security, catering, coordinating with third-party vendors, and emergency plans. Common event planning certifications include: * CMP:
Certified Meeting Professional Founded in 1985 by the Events Industry Council (formerly known as the Convention Industry Council), Certified Meeting Professional (CMP) is a certification for event professionals. In order to acquire a CMP certification, an individual must compl ...
* CSEP: Certified Special Events Professional * CPCE: Certified Professional in Catering and Events * CGMP: Certified Government Meeting Professional * CWEP: Certified Wedding & Event Planner


Facility management

Facility management can be defined as an aspect of engineering management science that deals with the planning, designing, coordination of space and maintenance of a built environment to enhance quality service management system. Service Quality System includes activities like security, maintenance, catering, and external as well as internal cleaning. In general, it is also the coordination and harmonization of various specialist disciplines to create the best possible working environment for staff. Facility management is an interdisciplinary field devoted to the coordination of space, infrastructure, people and organization, often associated with the administration of office blocks, arenas, schools, convention centers, shopping complexes, hospitals, hotels, etc. However, FM facilitates on a wider range of activities than just business services and these are referred to as non-core functions. *FMP- Facility Management Professional *CFM- Certified Facility Manager *SFP- Sustainability Facility Professional


Warehousing management

A warehouse management system (WMS) is a part of the supply chain and primarily aims to control the movement and storage of materials within a warehouse and process the associated transactions, including shipping, receiving, putaway and picking. The systems also direct and optimize stock putaway based on real-time information about the status of bin utilization. A WMS monitors the progress of products through the warehouse. It involves the physical warehouse infrastructure, tracking systems, and communication between product stations. More precisely, warehouse management involves the receipt, storage and movement of goods, (normally finished goods), to intermediate storage locations or to a final customer. In the multi-echelon model for distribution, there may be multiple levels of warehouses. This includes a central warehouse, a regional warehouses (serviced by the central warehouse) and potentially retail warehouses (serviced by the regional warehouses).


Environment

* CEnvP – Certified Environmental Practitioner ''of Australia and New Zealand'' (CEnvP) *Chartered Environmentalist (CEnv), Society for the Environment (UK) *MIEMA - Full Member of the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) *FIEMA - Fellow of the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA)


Environmental health

*
CPHI(C) The Canadian Institute of Public Health Inspectors (CIPHI) is the national professional association that represents environmental public health professionals (EPHPs) in Canada. CIPHI has a national executive council and eight regional branche ...
– Certified Public Health Inspector (Canada)


Explosive atmospheres

IECEx covers the specialized field of explosion protection associated with the use of equipment in areas where flammable gases, liquids and combustible dusts may be present. This system provides the assurance that equipment is manufactured to meet safety standards, and that services such as installation, repair and overhaul also comply with IEC International Standards on 60079 series. The UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe), cited IECEx as one example of a practice model for the verification of conformity to IEC Standards, for European smaller countries with no certification schemes for such equipment. It published a "Common Regulatory Framework" as a suggestion for those countries implementing a certification program for the explosive atmospheres' segment.


Fiber optics and data cabling

* RCDD (Registered Communications Distribution Designer) by BICSI * DCI (Data Cabling Installer) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association * FOI (Fiber Optics Installer) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association * FOT (Fiber Optics Technician) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association * FOT-OSP (Fiber Optics Technician-Outside Plant) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association * FOD (Fiber Optics Designer) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association * TTT (Termination and Testing Technician) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association


Genealogy

* AG (Accredited Genealogist) conferred by the International Commission for the Accreditation of Professional Genealogists (ICAPGen). * CG (Certified Genealogist) conferred by the
Board for Certification of Genealogists {{primarysources, date=May 2009 The Board for Certification of Genealogists is a certifying body for genealogists founded in 1964 by Fellows of the American Society of Genealogists, the genealogical field's academic honorary society. The Board lice ...
(BCG). * CGL (Certified Genealogical Lecturer) conferred by the
Board for Certification of Genealogists {{primarysources, date=May 2009 The Board for Certification of Genealogists is a certifying body for genealogists founded in 1964 by Fellows of the American Society of Genealogists, the genealogical field's academic honorary society. The Board lice ...
(BCG).


Health leadership

* CHE (
Certified Health Executive The Certified Health Executive (CHE) program was established by the Canadian College of Health Leaders (CCHL) in 1984. It is to provide a Canadian credential that recognizes effective leadership in Canadian health services. The CHE Program is ...
) conferred by the Canadian College of Health Leaders (CCHL)


Human Resources

* aPHR (Associate Professional in Human Resources) conferred by the Human Resources Certification Institute * PHR (Professional in Human Resources) conferred by the Human Resources Certification Institute *SPHR (Senior Professional in Human Resources) conferred by the Human Resources Certification Institute *SHRM-CP (Society for Human Resources Management – Certified Professional) conferred by the Society for Human Resources Management *SHRM-SCP (Society for Human Resources Management – Senior Certified Professional) conferred by the Society for Human Resources Management


Hospitality and tourism

* CHA ( Certified Hotel Administrator) conferred by American Hotel & Lodging Association * CMP (
Certified Meeting Professional Founded in 1985 by the Events Industry Council (formerly known as the Convention Industry Council), Certified Meeting Professional (CMP) is a certification for event professionals. In order to acquire a CMP certification, an individual must compl ...
) conferred by
Convention Industry Council The Events Industry Council (formerly known as the Convention Industry Council (CIC)) is a non-profit federation of more than 30 U.S. and international organizations involved in the meetings, conventions and exhibitions industry. The Events Indust ...
* CEM (Certified in Exhibition Management) conferred by International Association of Exhibitions and Events


Insurance and risk management

In the United States, insurance professionals are licensed separately by each state. Many individuals seek one or more certifications to distinguish themselves from their peers. * American College of Financial Services: ** Chartered Life Underwriter (CLU) ** Chartered Financial Consultant (ChFC) * American Institute For Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters (The Institutes): ** Chartered Property Casualty Underwriter (CPCU®) ** Associate in Risk Management (ARM) * National Alliance for Insurance Education & Research administers the Certified Insurance Counselor (CIC) * Professional Liability Underwriting Society (PLUS) administers Registered Professional Liability Underwriter (RPLU). * American Educational Institute (AEI) ** Accredited Claims Adjuster (ACA) ** Accredited Claims Professional (ACP) ** Accredited Claims Professional Candidate (ACAc) ** Associate in Claims (AIC) ** Applied Microbial Remediation Technician AMRC ** Casualty General Adjuster (CGA) ** Certified Claims Adjuster (CCA) ** Certified Claims Professional (CCP) ** Certified Claims Professional Candidate (CCPc) ** Chartered Property Casualty Underwriter candidate (CPCUc) ** Certied Forensic Litigation Consultant (CFLC) ** Certified General Adjuster (CrtGA) ** Certified Mold Specialist (CMS) ** Certified Mold Inspector (CMI) ** Certified Property Appraiser and Umpire (CPAU) ** Certified Property Loss Appraiser (CPLA) ** Certified Property Loss Umpire (CPLU) ** Casualty General Adjuster (CGA) ** Certified General Adjuster (CrtGA) ** Casualty General Adjuster (CGA) ** Executive General Adjuster (EGA) ** Fire & Smoke Restoration Technician (FSRT) ** GrandMaster General Adjuster (GMGA) ** HAAG Engineering Certified Roofing Inspector Residential/Commercial (HCI-R/C) ** Insurance Claims Expert (ICE) ** Legal Principles Claims Specialist (LPCS) ** Master General Adjuster (MGA) ** Master Public Adjuster (MPA) ** Property Claims Law Associate (PCLA) ** Property General Adjuster (PGA) ** Registered General Adjuster (RGA) ** Senior Professional Public Adjuster (SPPA) ** Universal Claims Certification (UCC) ** Windstorm Insurance Network Professional (WIND-P) ** Water Remediaton Technician (WRT)


Language education

TESOL is a large field of employment with widely varying degrees of regulation. Most provision worldwide is through the
state school State schools (in England, Wales, Australia and New Zealand) or public schools ( Scottish English and North American English) are generally primary or secondary schools that educate all students without charge. They are funded in whole or in ...
system of each individual country, and as such, the instructors tend to be trained primary- or
secondary school A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...
teachers who are native speakers of the language of their pupils, and not of English. Though native speakers of English have been working in non-English speaking countries in this capacity for years, it was not until the last twenty-five years or so that there was any widespread focus on training particularly for this field. Previously, workers in this sort of job were people engaging in
backpacker tourism Backpacking is a form of low-cost, independent travel, which often includes staying in inexpensive lodgings and carrying all necessary possessions in a backpack. Once seen as a marginal form of travel undertaken only through necessity, it has b ...
hoping to earn some extra travel money or well-educated professionals in other fields
volunteering Volunteering is a voluntary act of an individual or group freely giving time and labor for community service. Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others serv ...
, or retired people. These sort of people are certainly still to be found, but there are many who consider TESOL their main profession. One of the problems facing these full-time teachers is the absence of an international governing body for the certification or licensure of English language teachers. However,
Cambridge University , mottoeng = Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts. Non literal: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge. , established = , other_name = The Chancellor, Masters and Schola ...
and its subsidiary body UCLES are pioneers in trying to get some degree of accountability and quality control to consumers of English courses, through their
CELTA Celta is Galician, Portuguese and Spanish for the Celts. It may also refer to: * Certificate in English Language Teaching to Adults (CELTA), an English teaching certificate * Celta (train), an international train service connecting Vigo and Porto ...
and DELTA programs. Trinity College London has equivalent programs, the CertTESOL and the
LTCL DipTESOL The Licentiate Diploma in TESOL, also known as LTCL DipTESOL, is a professional qualification awarded in the teaching of English for Speakers of Other Languages ( ESOL) by Trinity College London. It is an advanced teaching qualification, often se ...
. They offer initial certificates in teaching, in which candidates are trained in
language Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of ...
awareness and
classroom A classroom or schoolroom is a learning space in which both children and adults learn. Classrooms are found in educational institutions of all kinds, ranging from preschools to universities, and may also be found in other places where education ...
techniques, and given a chance to practice teaching, after which feedback is reported. Both institutions have as a follow-up a professional diploma, usually taken after a year or two in the field. Although the initial certificate is available to anyone with a high school education, the diploma is meant to be a post-graduate qualification and can in fact be incorporated into a master's degree program.


Legal affairs

An increasing number of attorneys are choosing to be recognized as having special expertise in certain fields of law. According to the
American Bar Association The American Bar Association (ABA) is a voluntary bar association of lawyers and law students, which is not specific to any jurisdiction in the United States. Founded in 1878, the ABA's most important stated activities are the setting of aca ...
, a lawyer who is a certified specialist has been recognized by an independent professional certifying organization as having an enhanced level of skill and expertise, as well as substantial involvement in an established legal specialty. These organizations require a lawyer to demonstrate special training, experience and knowledge to ensure that the lawyer's recognition is meaningful and reliable. Lawyer conduct with regard to specialty certification is regulated by the states. Legal administrators vary in their day-to-day responsibilities and job requirements. The Association of Legal Administrators (ALA) is the credentialing body of the Certified Legal Manager (CLM) certification program. CLMs are recognized as administrators who have passed a comprehensive examination and have met other eligibility requirements.:


Librarians

In Australia, ALIA (Australian Library and Information Association) certifies librarians and library technicians. Distinguished librarians who have completed a high level of professional learning are awarded the Distinguished Certified Professional Award. Prior to 2013, this award was known as Associate Fellows. In New Zealand, the accrediting body is LIANZA (Library and Information Association of New Zealand Aotearoa Te Rau Herenga O Aotearoa). LIANZA accredit prominent librarians at three levels, Fellows, Life Members and Associates.


Logistics and transport

Logistician A logistics officer is a member of an armed force or coast guard responsible for overseeing the support of an army, air force, marine corps, navy or coast guard fleet, both at home and abroad. Logistics officers can be stationary on military base ...
is the profession in the logistics and transport sectors, including sea, air, land and rail modes. Professional qualification for logisticians usually carries post-nominal letters. Certification granting bodies include, but are not limited to,
Institute for Supply Management Institute for Supply Management (ISM) is the oldest, and the largest, supply management association in the world. Founded in 1915, the U.S.-based not-for-profit educational association serves professionals and organizations with a keen interest ...
(ISM), Association for Operations Management (APICS),
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT) is a professional body representing the transport and logistics industries worldwide. It is a membership-based organisation with over 30,000 members in over 30 countries. This i ...
(CILT),
International Society of Logistics The International Society of Logistics (also known as SOLE, as it was originally the Society of Logistics Engineers) is a non-profit organization devoted to the development and promotion of logistics, including improvements in technology, educatio ...
(SOLE), Canadian Institute of Traffic and Transportation (CITT), and Allied Council for Commerce and Logistics (ACCL).


Management Consulting

Management consulting Management consulting is the practice of providing consulting services to organizations to improve their performance or in any way to assist in achieving organizational objectives. Organizations may draw upon the services of management consultan ...
is the practice of providing consulting services to organizations to improve their performance or in any way to assist in achieving any sort of organizational objectives. The profession's primary certification is the " Certified Management Consultant" (CMC) designation. Certification granting bodies are the approximately 50 Institutes of Management Consulting belonging to the
International Council of Management Consulting Institutes The International Council of Management Consulting Institutes (ICMCI) has since 1987 been the professional body worldwide for management consultants. ICMCI since 2013 is called CMC-Global. It exists to: * Elevate the standards of the certified ...
(ICMCI).


Marketing

* CDMP (Certified Digital Marketing Professional), conferred by
Digital Marketing Institute Digital usually refers to something using discrete digits, often binary digits. Technology and computing Hardware *Digital electronics, electronic circuits which operate using digital signals **Digital camera, which captures and stores digital i ...
. * CME (Certified Marketing Executive), conferred by
Sales & Marketing Executives International Sales & Marketing Executives International (SMEI) is a worldwide non-profit organization offering membership and professional sales and marketing certification. SMEI is dedicated to ethical standards, continuing professional development, knowledge s ...
, Inc.. * Social Media Marketing Certification, Digital Marketing Master Certification, SEO Certification, conferred by Boot Camp Digital


Ministers

Churches have their own process of who may use various religious titles.
Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...
churches typically require a
Masters of Divinity For graduate-level theological institutions, the Master of Divinity (MDiv, ''magister divinitatis'' in Latin) is the first professional degree of the pastoral profession in North America. It is the most common academic degree in seminaries and ...
, accreditation by the denomination and
ordination Ordination is the process by which individuals are consecrated, that is, set apart and elevated from the laity class to the clergy, who are thus then authorized (usually by the denominational hierarchy composed of other clergy) to perform ...
by the local church in order for a minister to become a "
Reverend The Reverend is an honorific style most often placed before the names of Christian clergy and ministers. There are sometimes differences in the way the style is used in different countries and church traditions. ''The Reverend'' is correctly ...
". Those qualifications may or may not also give government authorization to solemnize
marriage Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognized union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children, and between ...
s.


Medicine

Board certification Board certification is the process by which a physician or other professional demonstrates a mastery of advanced knowledge and skills through written, practical, or simulator-based testing. Certification bodies There are more than 25 boards that ...
is the process by which a physician in the United States documents by written, practical or computer based testing, illustrating a mastery of knowledge and skills that define a particular area of medical specialization. The American Board of Medical Specialties, a not-for-profit organization, assists 24 approved medical specialty boards in the development and use of standards in the ongoing evaluation and certification of physicians. Medical specialty certification in the United States is a voluntary process. While medical licensure sets the minimum competency requirements to diagnose and treat patients, it is not specialty specific. Board certification demonstrates a physician's exceptional expertise in a particular specialty or sub-specialty of medical practice. Patients, physicians, health care providers, insurers and quality organizations regard certification as an important measure of a physician's knowledge, experience and skills to provide quality health care within a given specialty. Other professional certifications include certifications such as medical licenses,
Membership of the Royal College of Physicians Member may refer to: * Military jury, referred to as "Members" in military jargon * Element (mathematics), an object that belongs to a mathematical set * In object-oriented programming, a member of a class ** Field (computer science), entries ...
, Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, nursing board certification, diplomas in
social work Social work is an academic discipline and practice-based profession concerned with meeting the basic needs of individuals, families, groups, communities, and society as a whole to enhance their individual and collective well-being. Social wo ...
. The
Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy The Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy (CCGP) is a non-profit organization which has established a voluntary professional certification program for pharmacists. Pharmacists must pass a written examination to become certified and mus ...
certifies pharmacists that are knowledgeable about principles of geriatric pharmacotherapy and the provision of pharmaceutical care to the elderly. Additional certifying bodies relating to the medical field include: *
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) is the leading professional organisation for the promotion of the science and practice of the medical specialties of clinical radiology (diagnostic and interventional radiology) ...
* American College of Emergency Physicians * Royal Australasian College of Physicians * Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons * Membership of the College of Emergency Medicine *
Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology The International Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology (IJCAHPO) is an American nonprofit professional association for Allied Ophthalmic Personnel (AOP). Founded in 1969, the IJCAHPO provides certification and educatio ...
* American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography


Medical coding and billing

* AHIMA (American Health Information Management Association) * AAPC * Medical Association of Billers


Peer support

NCPRP stands for "National Certified Peer Recovery Professional", and the NCPRP credential and exam were developed in collaboration with the International Certification Board of Recovery Professionals (ICBRP) and is currently being administered by
PARfessionals PARfessionals is an Arkansas-based, private research development firm for Peer Support and Recovery Providers in Addictions. Background The company was founded in 2011 by Jorea M. Kelley-Hardison She self-published the book “Getting Ahead: An ...
. PARfessionals is a professional organization and all of the available courses are professional development and pre-certification courses. The NCPRP credential and exam focus primarily on the concept of peer recovery through mental health and addiction recovery. It has the main purpose of training student-candidates on how to become peer recovery professionals who can provide guidance, knowledge or assistance for individuals who have had similar experiences. Each student-candidate must complete several key steps which include initial registration; the pre-certification review course; and all applicable sections of the official application in order to become eligible to complete the final step, which is the NCPRP certification exam. The NCPRP credential is obtained once a participant successfully passes the NCPRP certification exam by the second attempt and is valid for five years.


Physical asset management

* CMRP – Certified Maintenance and Reliability Professional (CMRP) * MMP – Maintenance Management Professional


Pilates

* PMA(R) CPT


Plumbing

* ASSE (American Society of Sanitary Engineering) – an ANSI Accredited standards developer and certification body


Project management

Organizations that offer various certifications include: * American Academy of Project Management * Project Management Institute *
Stanford University Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is conside ...
through the Stanford Advanced Project Management Certificate Program * CPMA (Certified Project Management Analyst) conferred by IQN * Association for Project Management * IPMA (International Project Management Association) * Commercial Project Manager through Commercial Officers Group


Public health

National Board of Public Health Examiners, www.nbphe.org


Public relations

In the US, the Universal Accreditation Board, an organization composed of the
Public Relations Society of America The Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) is a nonprofit trade association for public relations professionals. It was founded in 1947 by combining the American Council on Public Relations and the National Association of Public Relations C ...
, the Agricultural Relations Council, the National School Public Relations Association, the Religious Communicators Council and other
public relations Public relations (PR) is the practice of managing and disseminating information from an individual or an organization (such as a business, government agency, or a nonprofit organization) to the public in order to influence their perception. ...
professional societies, administers the Accreditation in Public Relations (APR), a voluntary certification program for public relations practitioners.


Public Participation

The Certified Public Participation Professional (CP3) and Master Certified Public Participation Professional (MCP3) are awarded by two regions of th
International Association for Public Participation (IAP2)
: IAP2 Canada and IAP2 USA. As of 2019, only 25 individuals had achieved either of these distinctions. The CP3 designation is awarded upon successfully completing a three-step process that includes a written application documenting the individual's experience in the profession, a written response to a case study, and an in-person oral assessment. Individuals seeking certification are assessed against 5 Core Competencies, which are the essential capabilities for a professional in this field to effectively design, implement, and evaluate public participation programs. The competencies emerged from qualitative analysis of a comprehensive list of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, skills, behaviors, and capabilities identified in June 2014 by more than 100 P2 professionals from around the world. The descriptions and quality standards for each competency were developed, tested, and refined through an iterative process involving IAP2 members. Each competency is further divided into individual criteria. An individual must meet or exceed every criterion to achieve the CP3 designation. IAP2 USA's program includes 29 criteria. IAP2 Canada's program includes 31 criteria; the two additional criteria in Canada address federal requirements for indigenous engagement. The MCP3 designation recognizes additional specialization and expertise and is assessed through a written application available only to individuals who have already achieved the CP3 designation. To maintain professional certification, individuals must maintain active membership in IAP2, provide a minimum of 20 hours (annually) of volunteer (unpaid) service to IAP2, and participate in a minimum of 12 hours (annually) of continued professional development.


Real estate management

The Building Owners and Managers Association and the International Facility Management Association offer professional certifications for the operation and management of commercial properties.


Renewable energy

* PVIP (PV Installation Professional) conferred by North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners * PVDS (PV Design Specialist) conferred by North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners * PVIS (PV Installation Specialist) conferred by North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners * PVCMS (PV Commissioning & Maintenance Specialist) conferred by North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners * PVSI (PV System Inspector) conferred by North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners * PVTS (PV Technical Sales) conferred by North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners * SHI (Solar Heating Installer) conferred by North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners * SHSI (Solar Heating System Inspector conferred by North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners * EVT (Electronic Vehicle Technician) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association * PVI (Photovoltaic Installer) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association * SWI (Small Wind Installer) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association


Safety and Occupational Hygiene

* Certified Safety Professional offered by th
Board of Certified Safety Professionals
* Certified Industrial Hygienist * Certified Safety Specialist


Sales

Organizations offering certification include: *
Sales & Marketing Executives International Sales & Marketing Executives International (SMEI) is a worldwide non-profit organization offering membership and professional sales and marketing certification. SMEI is dedicated to ethical standards, continuing professional development, knowledge s ...
* Canadian Professional Sales Association


Security

*
ASIS International ASIS International, headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia Alexandria is an independent city in the northern region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately south of down ...
administers the Certified Protection Professional – Board-Certified in Security Management (CPP) *
ASIS International ASIS International, headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia Alexandria is an independent city in the northern region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately south of down ...
administers the
Physical Security Professional A Physical Security Professional (PSP) is a Board certification process for individuals involved in the physical security of organizations. This certification process is offered by ASIS International. Certification lasts for three years, during wh ...
, Board-Certified (PSP) *
ASIS International ASIS International, headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia Alexandria is an independent city in the northern region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately south of down ...
administers the
Professional Certified Investigator A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI and informally called a private eye), a private detective, or inquiry agent is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators of ...
, Board-Certified (PCI) * Association of Certified Fraud Examiners administers the Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE) * International Foundation of Protection Officers administers the
Certified Protection Officer {{Notability, date=November 2021 The International Foundation for Protection Officers (IFPO) Board of Directors established and maintains a voluntary certification process called the Certified Protection Officers (post nominals: CPO) course, which ...
(CPO) * Society of Payment Security Professionals (SPSP) administers the Certified Payment-Card Industry Security Manager *
Certified Information Systems Security Professional CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional) is an independent information security certification granted by the International Information System Security Certification Consortium, also known as (ISC)². As of January, 2022 there ...
(CISSP) from ISC2.org * National Sheriffs' Association administers the Certified Homeland Protection Professional (CHPP) Certification * Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Registered Locksmith (RL) Certification * Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Certified Registered Locksmith (CRL) Certification * Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Certified Professional Locksmith (CPL) Certification * Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Certified Master Locksmith (CML) Certification * Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Certified Professional Safe Technician (CPS) Certification * Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Certified Master Safe Technician (CMST) Certification *
Security Industry Association The Security Industry Association (SIA), based in Silver Spring, Maryland, is a U.S. trade association, founded in 1769, representing global security solutions providers. The organization today represents over 1,200 firms and organizations in t ...
administers the Certified Security Project Manager (CSPM) Certification


Speaking

Conferred by the National Speakers Association, the Certified Speaking Professional (CSP) is the speaking profession's international measure of professional platform competence. This certification is awarded by the National Speakers Association. Only about 10% of the speakers who belong to the Global Speakers Federation (GSF) hold this designation. Those who have earned their certification have done so by demonstrating a track record of experience and expertise.


Other applications

* The
American Academy of Environmental Engineers The American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists (AAEES) is a society of professional engineers and scientists who have demonstrated special expertise in environmental engineering or science beyond that normally required for professi ...
board certifies licensed environmental engineers (Board Certified Environmental Engineer—BCEE) and unlicensed environmental engineering practitioners (Board Certified Environmental Engineering Member—BCEEM) for those with a degree in engineering and at least 8 years of practice and responsible charge in environmental engineering. * The
American Institute of Floral Designers The American Institute of Floral Designers (AIFD), established in 1965, is the oldest and largest non-profit organization dedicated to recognizing and promoting the art of floral design as a professional career.Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. De ...
offers two levels of certification for individuals in the field of professional floral design. Certified Floral Designer (CFD) and accredited membership (AIFD) are both designed to establish a gold standard in professional floral design while ensuring the certified individual maintains that standard through continued education credits. While many state-level floral associations also offer state-level floral design certification known as Master Florist certification, AIFD certification is the highest level of professional floral design awarded in the United States. * The Canadian National Association of Infrared Imaging Technologists (AIIT) awards the IIT designation to infrared thermographers who meet the training standards regulated by the association. AIIT aims to ensure service delivery standards and public trust through regulating training standards, codes of conduct and continuing education. * The Society for Technical Communication (STC) is planning to create a certification program for technical writers in 2011. * The
International Society of Arboriculture The International Society of Arboriculture, commonly known as ISA, is an international non-profit organization A nonprofit organization (NPO) or non-profit organisation, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or no ...
(ISA) is the International body who administers ANSI-accredited certification programs for arborists and tree care specialists. Certifications vary from Tree Worker to Certified Arborist to Master Arborist.


Criticisms

Political commentators have criticized professional or occupational licensing, especially medical and legal licensing, for restricting the supply of services and therefore making them more expensive, often putting them out of reach of the poor.Professional Licensing Watch, Liberal Division – Hit & Run
Reason.com (17 September 2010). Retrieved on 2013-10-05.
The proliferation of IT certifications (both offered and attained) has led some technologists to question their value. Proprietary content that has been distributed on the Internet allows some to gain credentials without the implied depth or breadth of expertise.


See also

* Academic inflation * European professional qualification directives *
Homologation Homologation ( Greek ''homologeo'', ὁμολογέω, "to agree") is the granting of approval by an official authority. This may be a court of law, a government department, or an academic or professional body, any of which would normally work ...
* Institute for Certification of Computing Professionals * Product certification * Vocational Competence Certificate


References

{{reflist Professional ethics
all All or ALL may refer to: Language * All, an indefinite pronoun in English * All, one of the English determiners * Allar language (ISO 639-3 code) * Allative case (abbreviated ALL) Music * All (band), an American punk rock band * ''All'' (All ...
Standards