Pro-independence Movements In The Russian Civil War

Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War within the territory of the former Russian Empire sought the creation of independent and non-Bolshevik nation states after the October Revolution. They were often supported politically or militarily by the Entente Powers. Some of them co-operated with the Russian White movement, but others fought it. Many pro-independence movements emerged after the fall of the Russian Empire and fought in the Russian Civil War.

The following list presents some of the pro-independence movements and the conflicts they were involved in during this period.

Western periphery

* (independence from 1917)
** White Finland
** Kingdom of Finland
::Finnish Civil War
::Heimosodat
:::Viena expedition
:::Aunus expedition
* (independence from 1918)
** Estonian Provisional Government
::Estonian War of Independence
* (independence from 1918)
** Latvian Provisional Government
::Latvian War of Independence
* (independence from 1918)
** Perloja
** Central Lithuania
:: Lithuanian Wars of Independence
:::Polish–Lithuanian War
* (independence from 1918)
** Zakopane
** Tarnobrzeg
::Polish–Ukrainian War
::Polish–Soviet War
::Polish–Lithuanian War
* (independence 1917–1921; partitioned between Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and the Ukrainian SSR)
** Ukrainian State
** West Ukraine
** Komancza
** Hutsul
** Lemko
:::Ukrainian War of Independence
::::Ukrainian–Soviet War
:::::Polish–Ukrainian War
* Belarus (independence 1918–1919; partitioned between Poland and the Belarusian SSR)
* Crimea (independence 1917–1918; invaded by the Russian SFSR, later restored for a short while by the Ukrainian army)
** Crimean Regional Government
** Crimean Frontier Government
* Moldavian Democratic Republic ( united with Romania in 1918)

European Russia

*East European Russia
** Bashkiria (autonomy and ''de facto'' independence 1917–1919; joined the Russian SFSR)
** Idel-Ural (independence 1917–1918; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
*North European Russia
** North Ingria
** Committee of Uhtua
** Republic of Uhtua
** Provisional Government of White Karelia
** Provisional Government of Karelia
** Olonets Government of Southern Karelia
** Karelian United Government
** Republic of Eastern Karelia
** Karelian Temporary Committee
** Center Committee Karelian Village of Uhtua
*South European Russia
** Kuban Rada (formed into April, 1917. Became the Kuban People's Republic in 1918)
** Kuban People's Republic (independence 1918–1920; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
** (independence 1918–1919; annexed by the Russian SFSR)

Eastern periphery

** Siberian regionalism
*** Siberian Republic
** Buryat-Mongolia
** Yakutia
** Green Ukraine
** Chutkotka
** Kamchatkta
** Tungus Republic

Caucasus

* Transcaucasia
* Azerbaijan (independence 1918–1920; transformed into the Azerbaijan SSR)
** Republic of Aras
:: Armenian–Azerbaijani War
::Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
* (independence 1918–1921; transformed into the Armenian SSR)
** Mountainous Armenia
::: Georgian–Armenian War
::: Armenian–Azerbaijani War
::: Turkish–Armenian War
* Georgia (independence 1918–1921; transformed into the Georgian SSR)
:: Georgian–Ossetian conflict
:: Georgian–Armenian War
:: Sochi conflict
:: Red Army invasion of Georgia
* Caucasian Emirate
* Mughan
* Centrocaspian Dictatorship
* United Republics (independence 1917–1922; annexed by the Russian SFSR)

Central Asia

* Basmachi
* Alash Autonomy
** Kazakh Socialist Soviet Republic
* Confederated Republic of Altai
** Karakorum Government
** "second" Confederated Republic of Altai
* Khiva
*
* Turkestan Autonomy

Formerly

*East European Russia
** Kuibyshev Socialist Workers' Republic
** Provisional Regional Government of the Urals
*Central Asia
**{{flagicon image, Флаг Семиреченского казачьего войска.png Semirechye Cossacks

References

Independence movements
Post–Russian Empire states
Russian Civil War
Separatism in Russia