Principality of Lichtenberg

The Principality of Lichtenberg (german: Fürstentum Lichtenberg) on the Nahe River was an exclave of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld from 1816 to 1826 and the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1826 to 1834, when it was sold to the Kingdom of Prussia. Today its territories lie in two States of Germany – the District of St. Wendel in Saarland and the District of Birkenfeld in Rhineland-Palatinate.

History

Before the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars, most of the future Principality of Lichtenberg was held by the Dukes of Palatinate-Zweibrücken. The area of St. Wendel was held by the Prince-Bishops of Trier while the '' Reichsfürsten'' mperial Princes von Salm, as the ''Rheingrafen'' ounts of the Rhine had Grumbach and the lands west of it. The rest of the Principality belonged to the Margraves of Baden (as the Counts of Sponheim), the '' Reichsgrafen'' mperial Counts von den Leyen, and the Princes of Nassau-Usingen. But Napoleon and his ''Grande Armée'' overran all the Lichtenberger lands, added them to the First French Empire and turned them into the '' Département de la Sarre''. The new ''Département'' lasted for 16 years, from 1798 to 1814, until the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo.

Then, at the Congress of Vienna (1815), the left bank of the Rhine went to Bavaria, Hesse and Prussia. Here, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Ernest III, received as the reward for his services as a general in the battles against Napoleon, a large estate of 8.25 square miles and approximately 22,000 residents of St. Wendel and Baumholder, first under the name of ''Herrschaft'' Baumholder. On 11 September 1816 the possession was made official.

By the decree of Ernest III, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, on 6 March 1819, the area would be renamed as the Principality of Lichtenberg after the Lichtenberg Castle (between Baumholder and Kusel).

St. Wendel was the seat of government. It was also the residence of Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld), who lived there from 1824 until her death in 1831. Divorced in 1826, she was the mother of Prince Ernest, the future Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Prince Albert, the future husband of Queen Victoria, who both spent some of their childhood in St. Wendel.

In 1817, the territories were divided into three cantons and 15 ''Burgermeistereien'' ayoralties

In 1826, the Principality of Lichtenberg went from one duchy to another, during the extensive rearrangement of the Ernestine duchies and Ernest III, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield, became Ernest I, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

But, because of the political unrest on 31 May 1834 in St. Wendel and the great distance from the rest of the Duchy, the Duke, Ernest I, sold the Principality to Prussia on 15 August 1834 for the annuity of 80,000 talers. Most of the proceeds were used for the expansion of the ducal possessions in Grein (Upper Austria). The Kingdom of Prussia annexed the lands as '' Kreis'' istrict ofSt. Wendel in the ''Regierungsbezirk'' dministrative Division ofTrier of the '' Rheinprovinz'' rovince of the Rhineland

Territories

* Area: 537 km² (207.34 mi²)
* Population: ca. 25,000
* Communities: There were about a hundred municipalities in the Principality. Names of the municipalities from:
Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland 1900
' irectories of the Communities of Germany- ''Königreich'' ingdom ofPreußen - ''Rheinprovinz'' - ''Regierungsbezirk'' Trier - ''Landkreis'' Sankt Wendel, from: gemeindeverzeichnis.de; Locations of the same municipalities from: ''Planungsatlas Rheinland-Pfalz'' 'Planning Atlas of Rhineland-Palatinate''(''Deutscher Planungsatlas Band VII'' erman Planning Atlases, Volume VII, edited by the ''Akademie für Raumforschung und Landespflege'' cademy of Regional Research and Preservation Hanover, in cooperation with the ''Staatskanzlei Rheinland-Pfalz'' tate Chancellery of Rhineland-Palatinate(Hanover: ''Gebruder'' he BrothersJänecke, 1965), ''Karte'' apIX-2

Today the territories are in the following States of Germany:

In the Saarland

* The City of St. Wendel without, until 1947, the Palatinate localities of Bubach, Hoof, Marth, Niederkirchen, Osterbrücken and Saal;
* The Municipality of Freisen without the localities of Asweiler and Eitzweiler;
* The Municipality of Marpingen without the locality of Berschweiler;
* The Municipality of Namborn without the locality of Hirstein;
* The Municipality of Oberthal without the locality of Steinberg-Deckenhardt;
* From the City of Ottweiler, the ward of Fürth with Wetschhausen, Mainzweiler and Steinbach.

In Rhineland-Palatinate:
* The whole ''Verbandsgemeinde'' (municipal association of) Baumholder;
* all the now-defunct municipalities in the area of the military training base of Baumholder;
* From the city of Idar-Oberstein, the wards of Hammerstein, Kirchen-, Mittel- and Nahbollenbach as well as Weierbach;
* From the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' Herrstein, the Municipalities of Dickesbach, Mittelreidenbach, Oberreidenbach, Schmidthachenbach, Sien (with Sienerhöfe), Sienhachenbach;
* From the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' Kusel, the local municipalities of Pfeffelbach, Reichweiler, Ruthweiler and Thallichtenberg (with Burglichtenberg);
* From the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken, the Municipalities of Buborn, Deimberg, Grumbach, Hausweiler, Herren-Sulzbach, Homberg, Kappeln, Kirrweiler, Langweiler, Merzweiler, Niederalben, Unterjeckenbach and Wiesweiler
* From the local municipality of Offenbach-Hundheim, the locality of Offenbach and
* From the local municipality of Glanbrücken, the locality of Niedereisenbach.

Government

* Christoph Arzberger (1772-1822), astronomer, educator, professor of mathematics at the Gymnasium Casimirianum in Coburg, Privy Councilor and President of the Administration of the Principality of Lichtenberg 1821-1822 and ''Kammerpräsident'' resident of the Cabinetof Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 1821-1822

References

Bibliography

* Gerhard Köbler, ''Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart'' 'Historical Dictionary of the German States: The German Territories from the Middle Ages to the Present''(Munich: Verlag C.H. Beck, 2007), , p. 375.
* Friedrich August Lottner, ''Sammlung der für das Fürstenthum Lichtenberg vom Jahre 1816 bis 1834 ergangenen herzoglich Sachsen-Coburg-Gothaischen Verordnungen'' 'Collection of the Orders Issued to the Principality of Lichtenberg between the years 1816 and 1834 by the Ordinances of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha''( Berlin: ''Sandersche Buchhandlung'' ander Bookshop 1836
(Google Books)

External links

* Bibliography about th
Principality of Lichtenberg
in the ''Saarländischen Bibliographie'' ibliography of the Saarland

{{Authority control

Former states and territories of Rhineland-Palatinate