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Princess Marianne of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (''Wilhelmina Frederika Louise Charlotte Marianne''; 9 May 1810 – 29 May 1883) was the youngest child of
King William I of the Netherlands William I (Willem Frederik, Prince of Orange-Nassau; 24 August 1772 – 12 December 1843) was a Prince of Orange, the King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg. He was the son of the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, who went ...
and
Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia Princess Friederike Sophie Wilhelmine of Prussia (3 July 170914 October 1758) was a princess of Prussia (the older sister of Frederick the Great) and composer. She was the eldest daughter of Frederick William I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of ...
. Princess Marianne was a woman who thought and lived very unconventionally for her time because she had left her unfaithful husband Prince Albert of Prussia and had an illegitimate son (whom she openly recognized) with her partner Johannes van Rossum, with whom she also lived in a
common-law marriage Common-law marriage, also known as non-ceremonial marriage, marriage, informal marriage, or marriage by habit and repute, is a legal framework where a couple may be considered married without having formally registered their relation as a civil ...
. She was banished from the
Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. ...
. An avid
art collector A private collection is a privately owned collection of works (usually artworks) or valuable items. In a museum or art gallery context, the term signifies that a certain work is not owned by that institution, but is on loan from an individual ...
and
patron Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another. In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that kings, popes, and the wealthy have provided to artists su ...
, she made her new residence, Schloss Reinhartshausen in Erbach, a cultural attraction on the
Rhine ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , so ...
. Through her remarkable social commitment to the needy, especially in the Rheingau and
Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...
, she gained great sympathy among the population. The ''Johanneskirche'' in Erbach, which was founded by the deeply religious Marianne after the tragic death of her 12-year-old illegitimate son, is closely linked to her fate. This church is an exceptional cultural monument and was the first
Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...
church in the Rheingau.


Early life

Born in
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...
, Marianne was the youngest child and second daughter of Prince William Frederick of Orange-Nassau by his wife Wilhelmine of Prussia. Her elder sister Pauline had died long before her birth, so Marianne became the only daughter of her parents to survive to adulthood. Her two older brothers were Prince William Frederick George Louis (future King William II of the Netherlands) and Prince William Frederik Charles. Two other brothers were stillborn on 18 August 1795 and 30 August 1806, respectively. After
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
had conquered the
Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
in 1795, Prince William and his family fled first to
Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It i ...
and later to his father-in-law's court in Berlin. Marianne was born there on 9 May 1810 as the ''Nesthäkchen'' (Baby of the Family) in the ''Niederländisches Palais''; named after her maternal aunt-by-marriage Princess William of Prussia. Her baptism took place twenty-two days later, on 31 May, with her older brother William Frederick as one of her godparents. When their homeland was liberated from Napoleonic rule in 1813, the exile finally came to an end. Marianne's father had landed on the beach of Scheveningen on 30 November 1813 and some time later Marianne came to
The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital o ...
with her mother and her nanny Bonninck. The family temporarily lived in the Huis Huguetan at 34
Lange Voorhout The Lange Voorhout () is a street in the old city centre of The Hague, Netherlands. It is L-shaped and runs from Kneuterdijk in the west to Toernooiveld in the east, reaching approximately in length. History In the Middle Ages, the Lange Voorh ...
, and after the
Noordeinde Palace Noordeinde Palace ( nl, Paleis Noordeinde, ) is one of the three official palaces of the Dutch royal family. Located in The Hague in the province of South Holland, it has been used as the official workplace of King Willem-Alexander since 2013. ...
and the
Huis ten Bosch Huis ten Bosch ( nl, Paleis Huis ten Bosch, ; English: "House in the Woods") is a royal palace in The Hague, Netherlands. It is one of three official residences of the Dutch monarch; the two others being the Noordeinde Palace in The Hague and ...
were refurnished, they moved there. The summer months were spent at the
Het Loo Palace Het Loo Palace ( nl, Paleis Het Loo , meaning "The Lea") is a palace in Apeldoorn, Netherlands, built by the House of Orange-Nassau. History The symmetrical Dutch Baroque building was designed by Jacob Roman and Johan van Swieten and was b ...
in
Apeldoorn Apeldoorn (; Dutch Low Saxon: ) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands. It is located about 60 km east of Utrecht, 60 km west of Enschede, 25 km north of Arnhem and 35 km south of Zwolle. Th ...
. On 30 March 1814, her father was inaugurated as Sovereign of the Netherlands in the Nieuwe Kerk in
Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population of 907,976 within the city proper, 1,558,755 in the urban ar ...
. By the
Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna (, ) of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon B ...
, Belgium was annexed to the Netherlands and on 21 September 1815, William I was inaugurated as King in
Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
. As the new King and Queen of the Netherlands and Belgium, her parents had little time for their daughter; this distant and non-authoritarian upbringing was decisive in Marianne's character. They appointed a governess from a noble circle, Countess Jacoba Bentinck, married to the Lord of Middachten. She was strict with Marianne and arranged her princely education, including lessons from the home teacher Catharina van Ulft. Although she received lessons in foreign languages, her mastering of them are poor, and she spoke a mixture of German and French, and hardly any Dutch. In 1828 she was betrothed to Gustav, former Crown Prince of Sweden, and the bride and groom evidently had true feelings for each other. But the son of a dethroned king was not considered befitting, and the engagement was broken off in 1829.


Marriage with Prince Albert of Prussia

In
Noordeinde Palace Noordeinde Palace ( nl, Paleis Noordeinde, ) is one of the three official palaces of the Dutch royal family. Located in The Hague in the province of South Holland, it has been used as the official workplace of King Willem-Alexander since 2013. ...
at
The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital o ...
on 14 September 1830, Marianne married her first cousin Prince Albert, the fourth son of her mother's brother,
King Frederick William III of Prussia Frederick William III (german: Friedrich Wilhelm III.; 3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was King of Prussia from 16 November 1797 until his death in 1840. He was concurrently Elector of Brandenburg in the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806, wh ...
. The couple lived in Berlin, initially in
Schönhausen Palace Schönhausen Palace (german: Schloss Schönhausen) is a Baroque palace at Niederschönhausen, in the borough of Pankow, Berlin, Germany. It is surrounded by gardens through which the Panke river runs. The palace is maintained by the Prussian Pa ...
in
Pankow Pankow () is the most populous and the second-largest borough by area of Berlin. In Berlin's 2001 administrative reform, it was merged with the former boroughs of Prenzlauer Berg and Weißensee; the resulting borough retained the name Pankow. ...
, and from 1832 in the Prinz-Albrecht-Palais in Friedrichstadt, built by
Karl Friedrich Schinkel Karl Friedrich Schinkel (13 March 1781 – 9 October 1841) was a Prussian architect, city planner and painter who also designed furniture and stage sets. Schinkel was one of the most prominent architects of Germany and designed both neoclassic ...
; Marianne also bought the Schloss Kamenz in 1838 for her family in the village of Kamieniec Ząbkowicki,
Lower Silesia Lower Silesia ( pl, Dolny Śląsk; cz, Dolní Slezsko; german: Niederschlesien; szl, Dolny Ślōnsk; hsb, Delnja Šleska; dsb, Dolna Šlazyńska; Silesian German: ''Niederschläsing''; la, Silesia Inferior) is the northwestern part of the ...
, in southwestern
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
. The union produced five children, of whom three survive adulthood:
Charlotte Charlotte ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Located in the Piedmont region, it is the county seat of Mecklenburg County. The population was 874,579 at the 2020 census, making Charlotte the 16th-most populo ...
(1831–1855; by marriage Hereditary Princess of Saxe-Meiningen),
Albert Albert may refer to: Companies * Albert (supermarket), a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic * Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands * Albert Market, a street market in The Gambia * Albert Productions, a record label * Alber ...
(1837–1906) and
Alexandrine Alexandrine is a name used for several distinct types of verse line with related metrical structures, most of which are ultimately derived from the classical French alexandrine. The line's name derives from its use in the Medieval French ''Roman ...
(1842–1906; by marriage Duchess William of Mecklenburg-Schwerin). However, soon the marriage became unhappy: the sensitive, deeply religious, artistically and socially interested Marianne and the militarily educated, Prussian drill-loving Albert did not match each other's characters; he was also prone to extramarital adventures. Marianne did not want to accept this without complaint and, as was expected at the time, to keep quiet for the sake of form. In 1845, after she found that Albert began a love affair with her own lady-in-waiting Rosalie von Rauch (the daughter of the Prussian Minister of War Gustav von Rauch), Marianne finally left him and moved to the town of
Voorburg Voorburg is a town and former municipality in the west part of the province of South Holland, Netherlands. Together with Leidschendam and Stompwijk, it makes up the municipality Leidschendam-Voorburg. It has a population of about 39,000 peo ...
, located in the west part of the province of South Holland, Netherlands. She asked for a divorce, but neither the Prussian nor the Dutch court gave their approval. Thereupon she traveled through Europe or stayed on her estates in
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
,
Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...
and the Netherlands; despite this, at least until 1848 Marianne tried to reach a reconciliation with her husband, without success.


Union with Johannes van Rossum

On 7 March 1848 Marianne bought the Rusthof estate ''Buitenplaats Rusthof'' in Voorburg and settled there with her lover, the already married Johannes van Rossum, who was her personal coachman; he also became her travel companion and later cabinet secretary. In doing so, she violated the principles of her class and provoked a scandal. When was found that she was expecting a child from van Rossum, in order to prevent an even bigger scandal, both courts of
The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital o ...
and
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...
finally gave their permission for the divorce that Marianne and Albert had longed for. On 28 March 1849, the divorce was officially pronounced, and on 30 October Marianne gave birth to a son, Johannes Wilhelm von Reinhartshausen in Cefalù, during one of her trips to
Sicily (man) it, Siciliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Ethnicity , demographics1_footnotes = , demographi ...
. The courts of The Hague and Berlin then broke off all contact with Marianne: in the
Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. ...
, there was even an official exile decree that allowed her to stay on Prussian soil for only 24 hours at a time. The upbringing of her children from her marriage to Albert was also withdrawn from her; the guardianship passed to Queen Elisabeth of Prussia. Soon after the birth of their son, she traveled with Johannes van Rossum through Europe and the Orient (
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...
, Palestine, Syria) before finally settling in
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
in 1851 at the
Villa Celimontana The Villa Celimontana (previously known as Villa Mattei) is a villa on the Caelian Hill in Rome, best known for its gardens. Its grounds cover most of the valley between the Aventine Hill and the Caelian. Location The Villa Celimontana is situat ...
, whom she had bought and where she brought her son to live with her and van Rossum. With her decision to raise her illegitimate child herself and not, as is customary in the aristocracy, to silently give it into the hands of someone else as a "misstep", she once again attracted the disapproval of the royal families. Marianne and van Rossum never married but simply lived together, although a
morganatic marriage Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spous ...
would have been possible after the death of van Rossum's wife Catharina Wilhelmina Keijzer in 1861.


Mother and entrepreneur

For Marianne, the banishment decree meant that she could only meet her children (and later grandchildren), with whom she remained closely connected throughout her life, outside of Prussia or during a 24-hour stay. The encounters therefore took place on Marianne's estates in the Netherlands and Italy or in the Weißwasser Castle near Jauernig, which she acquired in 1853, right behind the Prussian border. From here she was quickly in Prussia, and could also reach her goods in Silesia, and continue to take care of their management and administration. Marianne was a clever entrepreneur who increased her possessions in the course of her life and made her descendants the richest branch of the
Hohenzollern dynasty The House of Hohenzollern (, also , german: Haus Hohenzollern, , ro, Casa de Hohenzollern) is a German royal (and from 1871 to 1918, imperial) dynasty whose members were variously princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenb ...
. In 1843, she bought the Villa Sommariva in Tremezzo on Lake Como in Northern Italy for 780,000 lira to her former owner Emilia Sommariva, and in 1850 she gave it as a present to her eldest daughter Charlotte on occasion to her wedding to the Hereditary Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, being renamed
Villa Carlotta Villa Carlotta is a villa and botanical garden in Tremezzo on Lake Como in Northern Italy. Today the villa is a museum, whose collection includes works by sculptors such as Antonio Canova, Bertel Thorvaldsen, and Giovanni Migliara; painters su ...
; Charlotte enjoyed the villa for only a few years before dying in 1855 at the age of 23 of complications from childbirth. The Schloss Kamenz in
Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...
was the wedding present for her son Albert. At her children's weddings, as at all family celebrations, she was not tolerated throughout her life. Despite the family and social ostracism, Marianne never hid her love partner and their illegitimate child. She also appeared with them at public events.


A new home in the Rheingau

In search of permanent residence near the Prussian border, which would make it easier for her to visit her children, Marianne moved back from Italy to her homeland in 1855. She acquired Schloss Reinhartshausen in Erbach in the
Duchy of Nassau The Duchy of Nassau (German: ''Herzogtum Nassau'') was an independent state between 1806 and 1866, located in what is now the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse. It was a member of the Confederation of the Rhine and later of the G ...
, near the Westerwald headquarters of her Orange-Nassau dynasty (Laurenberg, Nassau,
Dillenburg Dillenburg, officially Oranienstadt Dillenburg, is a town in Hesse's Gießen region in Germany. The town was formerly the seat of the old Dillkreis district, which is now part of the Lahn-Dill-Kreis. The town lies on the German- Dutch holiday road ...
, Diez). Here she settled with Johannes van Rossum and their son. It was to remain her residence until her death.


Patronage

An unusually progressive woman and cultural visionary, Marianne made the Schloss Reinhartshausen a cultural center of the Rhine. Marianne reconstructed part of the Schloss as a museum to house her art collection, probably consisting of more than 600 paintings, graphics and numerous marble statues, most of which she had brought with her from Rome. The museum is known today as the ''Festsäle''. The Schloss was always vibrant with many guests and Marianne encouraged young artists providing them accommodation and patronage. Of her art collection, only 180 paintings, 110 drawings including watercolors and gouaches, as well as various sculptures can be found in the Schloss Reinhartshausen today: some statues in the castle garden and in the garden of the rectory of the ''Johanneskirche'' in Erbach, most of which was distributed in her family and probably sold. In 1932 there was also an auction in Berlin. In 1872 in the name of her father King William I, she donated almost two thirds of the constructions costs to
Dillenburg Dillenburg, officially Oranienstadt Dillenburg, is a town in Hesse's Gießen region in Germany. The town was formerly the seat of the old Dillkreis district, which is now part of the Lahn-Dill-Kreis. The town lies on the German- Dutch holiday road ...
to help finance the creation of a new lookout tower, the ''Wilhelmsturm'', to commemorate her ancestor
William the Silent William the Silent (24 April 153310 July 1584), also known as William the Taciturn (translated from nl, Willem de Zwijger), or, more commonly in the Netherlands, William of Orange ( nl, Willem van Oranje), was the main leader of the Dutch Re ...
who received the envoys from the Low Countries at his home on this spot asking him to take the lead in their rebellion against the
Spanish Netherlands Spanish Netherlands (Spanish: Países Bajos Españoles; Dutch: Spaanse Nederlanden; French: Pays-Bas espagnols; German: Spanische Niederlande.) (historically in Spanish: ''Flandes'', the name "Flanders" was used as a ''pars pro toto'') was the H ...
.


Foundation of the Johanneskirche in Erbach

Marianne and van Rossum had their son raised in a civil society, he was supposed to become a theologian or lawyer. From October 1861 onward, Johannes Wilhelm von Reinhartshausen was no longer taught by private tutors, but attended a boarding school in nearby Dauborn. But during the holidays he fell ill with scarlet fever at home and died surprisingly on
Christmas Day Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, ...
of 1861. The deeply religious Protestant Marianne gave the community of Erbach a piece of land and 60,000
guilder Guilder is the English translation of the Dutch and German ''gulden'', originally shortened from Middle High German ''guldin pfenninc'' " gold penny". This was the term that became current in the southern and western parts of the Holy Roman Emp ...
s for the construction of the first Protestant church in the Rheingau on the evening of the day he died, including the
clergy house A clergy house is the residence, or former residence, of one or more priests or ministers of religion. Residences of this type can have a variety of names, such as manse, parsonage, rectory or vicarage. Function A clergy house is typically ow ...
. In doing so, she fulfilled her son's wish for his own place of worship for Protestant Christians in the Rheingau, which he had expressed a few weeks before his death. The builder of the church was Eduard Zais, son of the famous Nassau master builder Christian Zais. Marianne's son was finally buried in the crypt behind the altar of this church, which was solemnly inaugurated in 1865. A small angel figure by the Dutch sculptor Johann Heinrich Stöver commissioned by her adorns his sarcophagus. Stöver also created three Carrara marble statues based on motifs by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen, which were placed in the chancel and symbolize faith, love and hope. In honor of the apostle Johannes and in memory of Johannes Wilhelm, the church was named ''Johanneskirche''.


Social engagement

Marianne supported social and church institutions into old age. She was extremely popular not only in the Rheingau because of her great social commitment. She financed the pastoral office of the ''Johanneskirche'', she founded and improved the pastor's salary, supported the needy in the parishes of both denominations ("everyone is equal before God") as well as the school in Erbach and the Wiesbaden institution for the blind. In Silesia she supported widows' funds, orphanages, hospitals and also here the construction of a Protestant church with a rectory.


Later years and death

On 10 May 1873 Johannes van Rossum, Marianne's partner for 25 years and the love of her life, died from comsumpition aged 63 at Schloss Reinhartshausen. Although Marianne had reserved space for two more graves next to her son in the deed of foundation of the ''Johanneskirche'', for herself and van Rossum, at the end van Rossum was buried on 14 April in the public cemetery of Erbach, as was noted in the church book of the ''Johanneskirche''; there had been arguments with the pastor, as recorded in the pastor's wife's memoir. It may be assumed that he was annoyed by the unconventional life of the couple and therefore denied the burial of van Rossum in the church crypt. Marianne then ordered in 1876 to be buried there as well, in a simple oak coffin side by side with her partner. She appointed her son Prince Albert of Prussia as executor of her last will. Marianne survived van Rossum by ten years and died in the Schloss Reinhartshausen in Erbach on 29 May 1883, 20 days after her 73rd birthday; as was previously determined by her, she was buried next to her partner in the public cemetery of Erbach. Just as previously commissioned for her son's grave, a work made by the Dutch sculptor Johann Heinrich Stöver was made for van Rossum's grave, a blessing statue of Christ made of Carrara marble, again based on a figure by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen. To this day it adorns the joint grave of Marianne and van Rossum in the Erbach cemetery. The base of the Christ statue with the inscriptions from the
Gospel of John The Gospel of John ( grc, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ἰωάννην, translit=Euangélion katà Iōánnēn) is the fourth of the four canonical gospels. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "sig ...
, the decorated grave border made of Lahn marble and the grave slab with inscription were made by Josef Leonhard (1833–1901), offspring of the renowned Nassau sculptor dynasty Leonhard from the marble metropolis of Villmar on the
Lahn The Lahn is a , right (or eastern) tributary of the Rhine in Germany. Its course passes through the federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia (23.0 km), Hesse (165.6 km), and Rhineland-Palatinate (57.0 km). It has its source in t ...
. He was apprenticed to the famous Wiesbaden sculptor Emil Hopfgarten and in 1856 he opened a studio in
Eltville am Rhein Eltville am Rhein (from ''Alta Villa'', Latin for "high estate, high town", corrupted to ''Eldeville'', ''Elfeld'' and later Eltville, ) is a town in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany. It lies on ...
, which still exists today. Johannes van Rossum is not mentioned on the grave slab of the joint grave with Marianne. It is not known whether he was buried anonymously or whether his grave slab had to give way to Marianne's 10 years later. However, reference is made to Marianne's marriage to Prince Albert of Prussia, from whom she had been divorced since 1849 and who was morganatically married to Rosalie von Rauch from 1853 until his death in 1872. The inscription on Marianne's grave slab reads: ''Hier ruht in Gott'' ''in der Erwartung einer fröhlichen Auferstehung'' ''Wilhelmine Friederike'' ''Luise Charlotte'' ''Marianne'' ''von Nassau Oranien, Prinzessin der Niederlande'' ''geb. zu Berlin am 9. Mai 1810'' ''vermählt im Haag am 14. Septbr. 1830 mit'' ''Friedrich Heinrich'' ''Albrecht'' ''Prinz von Preussen'' ''gest. zu Reinhartshausen bei Erbach'' Whose roughly translation in English is: ''Here in God rests in the expectation of a happy resurrection Wilhelmine Friederike Luise Charlotte Marianne of Nassau Orange, Princess of the Netherlands, born in Berlin on May 9, 1810, married in The Hague on September 14. 1830 with Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht Prince of Prussia died at Reinhartshausen near Erbach''. A second grave slab on the base of the Christ statue mentions Elisabeth Mees, born Princess of Prussia and great-granddaughter of Marianne, who died in 1961 at the age of 42 and was buried there.


Honors

*In 1896 the
river island River Island is a London-based, multi-channel fashion brand, founded in 1948 by Bernard Lewis. The retailer has a presence in over 125 of worldwide markets, in stores and online. Best known for its trend focused womenswear offering, River Isl ...
in front of Schloss Reinhartshausen was renamed Mariannenaue in her honor on the initiative of the then owner of the island, Marianne's son
Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906) Prince Albert of Prussia (german: Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Albrecht; 8 May 1837 – 13 September 1906) was a Prussian general field marshal, ''Herrenmeister'' (Grand Master) of the Order of Saint John from 1883 until his death, and regent of the ...
. It is the largest Rhine island on the Middle Rhine between Erbach and Hattenheim. *Marianne's 200th birthday in 2010 was used by Schloss Reinhartshausen and the local evangelical parish Triangelis (Eltville, Erbach, Kiedrich) as an opportunity for festive events in which her life and work were honored. *On the Reformation Day weekend in 2015, the ''Johanneskirche'' was reopened after 10 months of renovation work with a glamorous festival program of church services and concerts. At the same time, their 150th anniversary was celebrated and the founder was remembered. * Adrian Diel, German doctor and founder of
pomology Pomology (from Latin , “fruit,” + ) is a branch of botany that studies fruit and its cultivation. The term fruticulture—introduced from Romance languages (all of whose incarnations of the term descend from Latin and )—is also used. Pomol ...
, put a
pear Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and harvested in the Northern Hemisphere in late summer into October. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus ''Pyrus'' , in the family Rosaceae, bearing the po ...
named ''Prinzessin Marianne'' after the young princess in 1818, probably on the wave of enthusiasm after the creation of the
United Kingdom of the Netherlands The United Kingdom of the Netherlands ( nl, Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden; french: Royaume uni des Pays-Bas) is the unofficial name given to the Kingdom of the Netherlands as it existed between 1815 and 1839. The United Netherlands was cr ...
in 1815 under the rule of the House of Orange-Nassau.Henryk Grzybowski
''Grafschafter Obst oder Früchte, die den Namen von Grafschafter Adligen tragen'' (in German)
in ''Altheider Weihnachtsbrief'', 2014, pp. 124–125.


Ancestry


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * * 2nd edition; N° 3404. * *


External links


Royal House of the Netherlands
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Marianne of the Netherlands, Princess 1810 births 1883 deaths People from Berlin House of Orange-Nassau Princesses of Orange-Nassau Prussian princesses House of Hohenzollern William I of the Netherlands People from the Rheingau Daughters of kings