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en, Caroline Mary Theresa Josepha of Bourbon-Parma
german: Karoline Marie Theresia Josefa von Bourbon-Parma
french: Caroline Marie Thérèse Josèphe de Bourbon-Parme , birth_date = , birth_place = Ducal Palace of Colorno,
Parma Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second mos ...
, death_date = , death_place = Dresden Castle,
Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...
, burial_place =
Katholische Hofkirche Dresden Cathedral, or the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Dresden, previously the Catholic Church of the Royal Court of Saxony, called in German Katholische Hofkirche and since 1980 also known as Kathedrale Sanctissimae Trinitatis, is the Catholi ...
, spouse = , issue = Princess Maria Amalie
Maria Ferdinanda, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Frederick Augustus II, King of Saxony
Prince Clemens
Maria Anna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
John, King of Saxony , image = Photograph of John, King of Saxony (1801-1873).jpg , reign =9 August 1854 – 29 October 1873 , caption = Photograph of King John, , predecessor = Frederick Augustus II , successor = Albert , succ ...

Maria Josepha Amalia, Queen of Spain , house =
Bourbon-Parma The House of Bourbon-Parma ( it, Casa di Borbone di Parma) is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the French C ...
, father =
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma Ferdinand I (''Ferdinando Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo''; 20 January 1751 – 9 October 1802) was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla from his father's death on 18 July 1765 until he ceded the duchy to France by the Trea ...
, mother = Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria , religion = Roman Catholicism Carolina Maria Teresa Giuseppa of Parma (22 November 1770 – 1 March 1804) was a Princess of Parma by birth, and Princess of Saxony by marriage to Prince Maximilian of Saxony. Carolina was the eldest child of
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma Ferdinand I (''Ferdinando Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo''; 20 January 1751 – 9 October 1802) was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla from his father's death on 18 July 1765 until he ceded the duchy to France by the Trea ...
, and his wife Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria.


Biography

Her full baptismal name was ''Carolina Maria Teresa Giuseppa Giovanna''. She was named after her godparents, her paternal great-uncle Charles III of Spain and her maternal grandmother
Empress Maria Theresa Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position '' suo jure'' (in her own right) ...
. Carolina was the eldest child of
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma Ferdinand I (''Ferdinando Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo''; 20 January 1751 – 9 October 1802) was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla from his father's death on 18 July 1765 until he ceded the duchy to France by the Trea ...
and his wife Maria Amalia of Austria. By the time of the visit of her maternal aunt Maria Christina in Parma in 1774, she was described as a beautiful but melancholic child.Justin C. Vovk: In Destiny's Hands: Five Tragic Rulers, Children of Maria Theresa (2010) Carolina and her brother
Louis Louis may refer to: * Louis (coin) * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also Derived or associated terms * Lewis ( ...
were the favorites of their parents. They were personally instructed in religion by their father, despite the fact that their younger children were actually more interested in the subject than them. In 1778, her brother Luigi hit his head on a marble table while playing with Carolina, and afterward suffered from epilepsy. The mother of Carolina preferred her to marry a German prince. Reportedly, however, her marriage was not arranged. Instead, her mother introduced Carolina to Maximilian during his frequent trips to Italy, and when the Parmesan Ducal family visited Saxony in the late 1780s, Carolina was able to spend time with Maximilian and reportedly fell in love with him. Consequently, she was described as eager to marry him, and her mother Amalia gave her permission despite the fact that Maximilian was not the heir to a throne. The marriage and life of Carolina in Saxony are described as happy and harmonious. When her mother moved to Prague in 1804, she was able to have more contact with her, though she was not able to visit her before her death. Princess Carolina died of fever on March 1, 1804 in
Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...
. More than two decades after, her husband married her niece Princess Maria Luisa Carlota of Parma.


Marriage and issue

On 22 April 1792 in Parma (by proxy) and on 9 May 1792 (in person), Carolina married Prince Maximilian of Saxony, fifth and youngest son of Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony. They had seven children: # Maria Amalia (b. Dresden, 10 August 1794 – d. Pillnitz, 18 September 1870), known as ''Amalia''. Had one issue

# Princess Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony, Maria Ferdinanda (b. Dresden, 27 April 1796 – d. Schloss Brandeis, Bohemia, 3 January 1865), known as ''Maria''; married on 6 May 1821 to
Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" (PIE "to love, to make peace") or alternatively "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "co ...
(father-in-law of her younger sister). Had no issue. # Frederick Augustus II (b. Dresden, 18 May 1797 – d. Brennbüchel, 9 August 1854), King of Saxony (1836). Had one illegitimate issue. # Clemens Maria Joseph (b. Dresden, 1 May 1798 – d. Pisa, 4 January 1822), known as ''Klemens''. Had no issue

# Princess Maria Anna of Saxony (1799–1832), Maria Anna (b. Dresden, 15 November 1799 – d. Pisa, 24 March 1832), known as '' Anna''; married on 16 November 1817 to Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Had three issue. # Johann I (b. Dresden, 12 December 1801 – d. Pillnitz, 29 October 1873), King of Saxony (1854). Had nine issue. # Maria Josepha Amalia (b. Dresden, 6 December 1803 – d. Aranjuez, 17 May 1829), known as '' Josepha''; married on 20 October 1819 to King
Ferdinand VII of Spain , house = Bourbon-Anjou , father = Charles IV of Spain , mother = Maria Luisa of Parma , birth_date = 14 October 1784 , birth_place = El Escorial, Spain , death_date = , death_place = Madrid, Spain , burial_p ...
. Had no issue.


Ancestry


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carolina Of Parma, Princess Princesses of Bourbon-Parma 1770 births 1804 deaths Nobility from Parma House of Bourbon-Parma Burials at Dresden Cathedral ⚭Princess Carolina of Parma