Prince Xun (恂)
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Prince Xun of the Second Rank, or simply Prince Xun, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the
Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...
-led
Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
(1644–1912). As the Prince Xun peerage was not awarded "iron-cap" status, this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank ''vis-à-vis'' that held by his predecessor. However, the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a ''feng'en fuguo gong'' except under special circumstances. The first bearer of the title was Yunti (1688–1756), the
Kangxi Emperor The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654– 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, born Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1 ...
's 14th son, who was granted the title "Prince Xun of the Second Rank" by the
Qianlong Emperor The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, born Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1735 t ...
in 1748. The title was passed down over seven generations and held by eight persons.


Members of the Prince Xun peerage

* Yunti (1688–1756), the Kangxi Emperor's 14th son, initially a ''beizi'' from 1709, promoted to ''junwang'' (second-rank prince) in 1723, demoted to ''beizi'' in 1724, stripped of his title in 1725, restored as a ''fuguo gong'' in 1737, promoted to ''beile'' in 1747, granted the title "Prince Xun of the Second Rank" in 1748, posthumously honoured as Prince Xunqin of the Second Rank (恂勤郡王) **
Hongchun Aisin Gioro Hongchun (弘春; 11 October 1703 – 3 March 1739) was a Qing dynasty imperial prince; the eldest son of Yunti, the Kangxi Emperor's 14th son by Empress Xiaogongren, and Qianlong Emperor's cousin. Hongchun was granted a title of Princ ...
(弘春; 1703–1739), Yunti's eldest son, initially a ''beizi'', stripped of his title in 1724, restored as a ''feng'en zhenguo gong'' in 1726, promoted to ''beizi'' in 1728, promoted to ''beile'' in 1731, promoted to ''junwang'' as "Prince Tai of the Second Rank" (泰郡王) in 1733, demoted to ''beizi'' in 1734, stripped of his title in 1735 *** Yongxin (永信; 1739–1806), Hongchun's eldest son *** Yongjin (永晉), Hongchun's son **** Mianbei (綿備), Yongjin's son ***** Yishan (1790–1878), Mianbei's eldest son, held the title of a first class ''zhenguo jiangjun'' from 1847 to 1878 ****** Zaizhuo (載鷟), Yishan's second son, held the title of a third class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1851 to 1876 ******* Puhan (溥翰), Zaizhuo's eldest son, held the title of a third class ''fengguo jiangjun'' from 1857 to 1878, held the title of a third class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1878 to 1886 ******** Yuzhao (毓照), Puhan's third son, held the title of a third class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1887 ** Hongming (弘明; 1705–1767), Yunti's second son, held the title of a ''beile'' from 1735 to 1767, posthumously honoured as Gongqin Beile (恭勤貝勒) *** Yongzhong (永忠; 1735–1793), Hongming's eldest son, held the title of a third class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1756 to 1793 **** Miansuan (綿算), Yongzhong's fifth son, held the title of a third class ''fengguo jiangjun'' from 1793 to 1844, had no male heir *** Yongshuo (永碩; 1736–1808), Hongming's second son, held the title of a third class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1757 to 1767, promoted to ''beizi'' in 1767 **** Mianling (綿齡; 1776–1824), Yongshuo's third son, held the title of a third class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1795 to 1808, promoted to ''feng'en zhenguo gong'' in 1808 ***** Yixing (奕興; 1812–1858), Mianling's fourth son, held the title of a ''feng'en zhenguo gong'' from 1824 to 1858 ****** Zaisen (載森; 1843–1887), Yixing's second son, held the title of a ''buru bafen zhenguo gong'' from 1858 to 1887 ******* Pubo (溥博; 1872–1894), Zaisen's eldest son, held the title of a ''buru bafen zhenguo gong'' from 1887 to 1894, had no male heir ******* Puduo (溥多; 1879–?), Zaisen's second son, held the title of a ''buru bafen zhenguo gong'' from 1895, had no male heir ******** Yubao (毓寶; 1903–?) ****** Zaiguo (載國), Yixing's third son, held the title of a third class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1868 to 1895, had no male heir **** Mianzan (綿贊), Yongshuo's fourth son, held the title of a second class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1799 to 1818 ***** Yicheng (奕誠), Mianzan's eldest son ****** Zaigui (載桂), Yicheng's eldest son, held the title of a second class ''fengguo jiangjun'' from 1818 to 1866 ***** Yipu (奕譜), Mianzan's second son, held the title of a ''fengguo jiangjun'' from 1821 to 1834, had no male heir ***** Yiqia (奕洽), Mianzan's third son, held the title of a ''fengguo jiangjun'' from 1824 to 1868 ****** Zaihe (載荷), Yiqia's eldest son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1857 to 1885, had no male heir ****** Zaishen (載申), Yiqia's second son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1864 ******* Puxi (溥錫), Zaishen's eldest son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1918 **** Mianbang (綿榜), Yongshuo's fifth son, held the title of a third class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1799 to 1822, stripped of his title in 1822 **** Mianmo (綿默), Yongshuo's sixth son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1799 to 1854 ***** Yiban (奕班), Mianmo's eldest son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1854 to 1875, had no male heir **** Mian'ao (綿翺), Yongshuo's seventh son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1809 to 1829, stripped of his title in 1829 **** Mianxiang (綿翔), Yongshuo's eighth son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1812 to 1822 ***** Yicui (奕萃), Mianxiang's eldest son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1823 to 1858 ****** Zaice (載策), Yicui's eldest son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1858 to 1878, had no male heir *** Yongtian (永恬), Hongming's third son, held the title of a first class ''fengguo jiangjun'' from 1757 to 1767 **** Mianxu (綿旭), Yongtian's eldest son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1767 to 1813 ***** Yimei (奕湄), Mianxu's eldest son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1813 to 1826 ***** Yidao (奕道), Mianxu's fourth son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1827 to 1844, had no male heir *** Yongti (永梯), Hongming's fourth son, held the title of a first class ''fengguo jiangjun'' from 1762 to 1790 **** Miankuan (綿欵), Yongti's eldest son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1790 to 1826 ***** Yipu (奕樸), Miankuan's eldest son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1826 to 1859 ****** Zaitun (載屯), Yipu's eldest son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1827 to 1881, had no male heir


Family tree


See also

*
Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty (1636–1912) of China developed a complicated peerage system for royal and noble ranks. Rule of inheritance In principle, titles were downgraded one grade for each generation of inheritance. * Direct imperial princes with ...


References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Xun, Prince Qing dynasty princely peerages