Prince Chun of the First Rank (

Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...

: ; ''hošoi gulu cin wang''), or simply Prince Chun, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the

-led

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

(1644–1912). It was also one of the 12 "iron-cap" princely peerages in the Qing dynasty, which meant that the title could be passed down without being downgraded. The first bearer of the title was Yixuan (1840–1891), the seventh son of the

Daoguang Emperor The Daoguang Emperor (; 16 September 1782 – 26 February 1850), also known by his temple name Emperor Xuanxong of Qing, born Mianning, was the seventh Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning ...

. He was awarded the title by his fourth brother, the

Xianfeng Emperor The Xianfeng Emperor (17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861), or by temple name Emperor Wenzong of Qing (), given name Yizhu (), was the eighth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigned from 1850 t ...

, who succeeded their father. The title was passed down over two generations and held by only two persons – Yixuan and his fifth son,

Zaifeng Zaifeng (12 February 1883 – 3 February 1951), also known as Tsai Feng, Prince of Ch'ün, formally known by his title Prince Chun, was a Manchu prince and regent of the late Qing dynasty. He was a son of Yixuan, the seventh son of the Da ...

(1883–1951) – who were the biological fathers of the

penultimate Penult is a linguistics term for the second to last syllable of a word. It is an abbreviation of ''penultimate'', which describes the next-to-last item in a series. The penult follows the antepenult and precedes the ultima. For example, the main ...

and last emperors of the Qing dynasty respectively.

Members of the Prince Chun peerage

* Yixuan (1840–1891), the

's seventh son, initially a ''junwang'' (second-rank prince) from 1850 to 1864, accorded ''qinwang'' (first-rank prince) status in 1864 and given a ''qinwang'' title in 1872. In 1874, his title, Prince Chun of the First Rank, was made hereditary. He was posthumously honoured as Prince Chunxian of the First Rank (醇賢親王). ** Zaiguang (載洸; 1880–1884), Yixuan's fourth son, had no male heir **

(1883–1951), Yixuan's fifth son, initially a ''buru bafen zhenguo gong'' from 1884 to 1891, held the title Prince Chun of the First Rank from 1891 to 1949 ** Zaixun (1885–1949), Yixuan's sixth son, held a ''buru bafen fuguo gong'' title from 1887 to 1889 and a ''feng'en fuguo gong'' title from 1889 to 1902, adopted as Yizhi (Prince Rui)'s son **

Zaitao Zaitao (23 June 1887 – 2 September 1970), courtesy name Shuyuan, art name Yeyun, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. He was a half-brother of the Guangxu Emperor and an uncle of Puyi, the last Emperor of China. Biography Zaitao was bor ...

(1887–1970), Yixuan's seventh son, held a second class ''zhenguo jiangjun'' title from 1890 to 1893, adopted as Yihe (Prince Zhong)'s son

Family tree

References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Chun, Prince Qing dynasty princely peerages Peerages of the Bordered White Banner

Members of the Prince Chun peerage

Family tree

See also

References