Priamur electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917)
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The Priamur electoral district (russian: Приамурский избирательный округ) was a constituency created for the
1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election Elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly were held on 25 November 1917, although some districts had polling on alternate days, around two months after they were originally meant to occur, having been organized as a result of events in the Feb ...
. The Priamur electoral district consisted of the
Amur Oblast Amur Oblast ( rus, Аму́рская о́бласть, r=Amurskaya oblast, p=ɐˈmurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya Rivers in the Russian Far East. The administrat ...
, the Maritime Province and the
Sakhalin Oblast Sakhalin Oblast ( rus, Сахали́нская о́бласть, r=Sakhalínskaya óblast', p=səxɐˈlʲinskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) comprising the island of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the Russian ...
. However, local leaders had preferred to have three separate constituencies. The election was held on time in the constituency.


Parties in the fray

In the wake of the 1917 February Revolution, the
Russian Far East The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in Northeast Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asian continent; and is admin ...
was teeming with political activities. New political organizations, across the ideological spectrum, popped up in various locations.Gallyamova, Ludmila Ivanova.
1917 год на Дальнем Востоке России: региональные особенности социально-политических трансформаций
'


Socialist-Revolutionaries

The branches of the
Socialist-Revolutionary Party The Socialist Revolutionary Party, or the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries (the SRs, , or Esers, russian: эсеры, translit=esery, label=none; russian: Партия социалистов-революционеров, ), was a major politi ...
(SR) were established in Amur and Maritime in March–April 1917, in Vladivostok (Committee Chairman V.K. Vykhristov), Khabarovsk (Chairman M.A. Timofeev) and Blagoveshchensk (Chairman N.G. Kozhevnikov). However, the SRs suffered a four-way split in the constituency, with the branches in Amur and Maritime contesting separately. Ahead of the election the Maritime Province Peasants Soviets threw out the SR party representatives and fielded a separate list (in Amur, however, the peasants soviets stayed loyal to the SR party). Nevertheless these three different lists had formed an electoral bloc. There was also a leftist SR dissident list, distinctively urban.


Social Democrats

Social Democratic organizations took shape around March 1917. The first formal Social Democratic meeting occurred in Vladivostok on March 10, 1917, with twenty attendees. Five days later, a second meeting was held with a hundred party members in attendance and electing a provisional committee chaired by A. Antonov. On March 12, 1917 the first Menshevik Social Democratic party meeting was held in
Blagoveshchensk Blagoveshchensk ( rus, Благове́щенск, p=bləgɐˈvʲeɕːɪnsk, meaning ''City of the Annunciation'') is a city and the administrative center of Amur Oblast, Russia. It is located at the confluence of the Amur and the Zeya Rivers, o ...
, which elected S. G. Bukharevich as chair of the Party Branch Committee. Social Democratic organizations were established in Khabarovsk, Nikolsk-Ussuriysky, Suchan, Muraev-Amursky, Razdolnoye, Bozkarevo,
Magdagachi Magdagachi (russian: Магдага́чи) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Magdagachinsky District of Amur Oblast, Russia, located northwest of Blagoveshchensk. Population: History It was estab ...
and Gondatti. By July 1917, there were some 2,850 Social Democratic party members in the Russian Far East. In the fall of 1917, the number had increased to 4,700 (out of whom some 3,000 were Bolsheviks).


Cossacks

The Ussuri Cossack Host held its congress March 11–13, 1917, which removed the incumbent ataman Lt. Gen. V. A. Tolmachev and placed Major-General E. B. Kruse as new chairman. The congress called for new local leaderships to be elected by general assemblies. Likewise, the congress of the Amur Cossack Host (March 21-April 22) removed the incumbent ataman and other leaders. I. M. Gamov emerged as the new leader of the Amur Cossack Host. The Amur Cossack congress called for a democratic republic and Constituent Assembly. The Amur Cossack congress was chaired by the Amur right-wing SR leader N. G. Kozhevnikov, and was attended by 46 delegates.


Kadets

The Constitutional Democrats, the Kadets, established party branches in Vladivostok, Khabarovsk and Nikolsk-Ussuriysk and with a regional committee headed by I. A. Fichmann. In Amur Oblast, a pro-Kadet organization called the Union of Amur Republicans was established.


Ukrainians

The constituency had no significant ethnic minority except Ukrainians.


Results


District-wide

From the Maritime Province the results available to U.S. historian Oliver Henry Radkey, which forms the basis of the results table below, were seemingly complete. In areas north of the Amur river some problems in voting occurred, with 312 polling stations reporting and 77 didn't (another reference stated that no election had been held in some 50 polling stations).


Khabarovsk

In Khabarovsk, 5,445 out of 12,727 eligible voters cast their votes; Kadets 1,639 votes (30.10%), Maritime Province SR 968 votes (17.78%), Maritime Peasants Soviet 712 votes (13.08%), Mensheviks 662 votes (12.16%), Bolsheviks 652 votes (11.97%), Cossacks 623 votes (11.44%), Ukrainian Bloc 85 votes (1.56%), Amur SR 24 votes (0.44%) and Left SR 18 votes (0.33%).Результаты выборов в Учр. Соб
, in Известия Совета Рабочих и Солдатских Депутатов г. Никольск-Уссуршскаго, November 24, 1917, p. 4


Vladivostok

In
Vladivostok Vladivostok ( rus, Владивосто́к, a=Владивосток.ogg, p=vɫədʲɪvɐˈstok) is the largest city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia. The city is located around the Golden Horn Bay on the Sea of Japan, c ...
town, Bolsheviks won a majority of votes (16,616 votes, 50.1%). The Kadets obtained 5,651 votes (17%), the leftist SRs 4,596 votes (13.8%), Maritime Peasants Soviet 4,398 votes (13.2%), Mensheviks 1,214 votes (3.7%), Cossacks 258 votes (0.8%), Ukrainians 195 votes (0.6%), Amur SRs 128 (0.4%) and Maritime SRs 123 votes (0.4%).


Blagoveshchensk

In
Blagoveshchensk Blagoveshchensk ( rus, Благове́щенск, p=bləgɐˈvʲeɕːɪnsk, meaning ''City of the Annunciation'') is a city and the administrative center of Amur Oblast, Russia. It is located at the confluence of the Amur and the Zeya Rivers, o ...
the Kadets finished in first place (with some 2,800 votes), followed by the Mensheviks (2,300 votes), Bolsheviks (1,983 votes) and Amur SRs (1,267) votes.


Nikolayevsk-on-Amur

In
Nikolayevsk-on-Amur Nikolayevsk-on-Amur (russian: Никола́евск-на-Аму́ре, translit=Nikoláyevsk-na-Amúrye) is a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia located on the Amur River close to its liman in the Pacific Ocean. Population: Geography The town is ...
1,529 votes were cast; Kadets 411 votes (26.88%), Maritime Province SRs 400 votes (26.16%), Mensheviks 311 votes (20.34%), Bolsheviks 287 votes (18.77%) and others 120 votes (7.85%).


References

{{Electoral Districts of the Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917 Electoral districts of the Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917