The Portuguese Riviera ( Portuguese: ''

Riviera ''Riviera'' () is an Italian word which means "coastline", ultimately derived from Latin , through Ligurian . It came to be applied as a proper name to the coast of Liguria, in the form ''Riviera ligure'', then shortened in English. The two area ...

Portuguesa'') is a term used in the tourist industry for the affluent coastal region to the west of Lisbon,

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of th ...

, centered on the coastal municipalities of Cascais (including Estoril), Oeiras and

Sintra Sintra (, ) is a town and municipality in the Greater Lisbon region of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The population of the municipality in 2011 was 377,835, in an area of . Sintra is one of the most urbanized and densely populate ...

. It is coterminous with the Estoril Coast (''Costa do Estoril'') and occasionally known as the Costa do Sol (''Sun Coast''). The region is internationally known as a luxury destination for its history as a home of the wealthy, the famous, and European royalty. Cascais, Oeiras and Sintra municipalities consistently rank among the richest municipalities in Portugal. Cascais's history as a center originates in the 1870s, when King Luís I of Portugal and the Portuguese royal family made the seaside town his summer residence, thus attracting members of Portugal's aristocracy, who established a summer community there. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

and the Post-War period, the area's royal affiliations intensified, as many heads of European royal houses and deposed monarchs, including King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, and King Umberto II of Italy made their home in Cascais and Estoril, finding refuge in Portugal's neutrality in the war or from tense political situations in their own countries. Due to its concentration of high-profile personalities, the riviera became a center of

espionage Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information ( intelligence) from non-disclosed sources or divulging of the same without the permission of the holder of the information for a tang ...

during WWII, inspiring author Ian Fleming in his creation of the ''

James Bond The ''James Bond'' series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections. Since Fleming's death in 1964, eight other authors hav ...

'' series. Sintra had been a royal retreat since the

Portuguese Renaissance The Portuguese Renaissance refers to the cultural and artistic movement in Portugal during the 15th and 16th centuries. Though the movement coincided with the Spanish and Italian Renaissances, the Portuguese Renaissance was largely separate from ...

in the 15th century, but it was in the 19th century, when King Fernando II of Portugal decided to build his summer retreat, Pena Palace, in the

Sintra Mountains The Sintra Mountains ( pt, Serra de Sintra), is a mountain range in western Portugal. Its highest point is at 529 meters (1,736 ft) near Sintra. The range covers about 16 kilometers (10 mi) from the resort town of Sintra to ''(Cape R ...

overlooking the

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

, that it became both the center of the Romanticist movement in Portugal and the summer residence of the Portuguese nobility. Famous for its grand estates and palaces, Sintra's belle epoch resulted in its numerous villas, gardens, estates, and palaces that characterize the area, which gained Sintra a UNESCO World Heritage designation. Today Sintra is one of Portugal's most expensive and exclusive real estate markets and similarly known for its high standards of living, consistently ranking as one of the best places to live in Portugal.

History

Palácio de Monserrate DSC08899 (36939236406)

Origins

During the third quarter of the 18th century and practically all of the 19th century, foreign travellers and Portuguese aristocrats, inspired by the Romanticist movement, rediscovered

, a royal retreat during the

, prizing its exotic landscapes and climate. In the summer of 1787, William Beckford stayed with the Marquis of Marialva, master of the horse for the kingdom, at his residence of Seteais Palace. At the beginning of the 19th century Princess Carlota Joaquina, wife of the Regent John, bought the estate and

Ramalhão Palace The Palace of Ramalhão is a neoclassical Palace in Sintra, Portugal. The palace has its origins in a small farm that was enlarged into a palace by Luis Garcia de Bivar in 1470. It was at this palace where D. Carlota Joaquina of Spain frequently ...

. Between 1791 and 1793, Gerard Devisme constructed a Neo-Gothic mansion on his extensive estate in the Quinta de Monserrate (later known as the Monserrate Palace). Beckford, who remained in Sintra, rented the property from Devisme in 1794. The landscape, covered in fog, also attracted another Englishman, Francis Cook, who occupied the estate, constructing an oriental pavilion. The

Palace of Pena The Pena Palace ( pt, Palácio da Pena) is a Romanticist castle in São Pedro de Penaferrim, in the municipality of Sintra, on the Portuguese Riviera The Portuguese Riviera ( Portuguese: ''Riviera Portuguesa'') is a term used in the touri ...

, Sintra's exemplary Portuguese Romantic symbol, was initiated by the King-Consort Ferdinand II of Portugal, husband of Queen Maria II of Portugal.

19th century

In 1854, the first contract was signed to construct a rail link between Sintra and Lisbon. A decree signed on 26 June 1855 regulated the contract between the government and Count Claranges Lucotte but was later rescinded in 1861. The connection was finally inaugurated on 2 April 1887. The Portuguese Riviera originated when King Luís I of Portugal ordered a royal residence to be constructed in Cascais Citadel, starting the tradition of Cascais being the Portuguese royal family's Summer residence, which lasted from 1870 to 1908, transforming the seaside village into a cosmopolitan address. Thanks to King Luís I, the citadel was equipped with the country's first electric lights in 1878. Cascais also benefited from the construction of better roads to Lisbon and Sintra, a casino, a bullfight ring, a sports club, and improvements to basic infrastructure for the population. Many noble families built impressive mansions still to be seen in the town centre and environs. The first railway arrived in 1889. Publicidade Estoril antiga

In 1896, King Carlos I of Portugal, a lover of all maritime activities, installed in Cascais Citadel the first oceanographic laboratory in Portugal. The King himself led a total of 12 scientific expeditions to the coast; these ended in 1908 with his assassination in Lisbon. From the second half of the 19th century into the first decades of the 20th century, Sintra also became a privileged place for artists: musicians such as

José Vianna da Motta José Vianna da Motta (modern spelling as 'Viana da Mota') (22 April 18681 June 1948) was a Portuguese pianist, teacher, and composer. He was one of the last pupils of Franz Liszt. The José Vianna da Motta Music Competition was founded in 1957 ...

; composers such as

Alfredo Keil Alfredo Cristiano Keil (3 July 1850 – 4 October 1907) was a Portuguese romantic composer and painter. Keil was born in Lisbon, the son of Johann Christian Keil (son of Johann Georg Keil and wife Elisabeth ...) and wife (m. Lisbon, 30 Augu ...

, painters like João Cristino da Silva (author of one of the most celebrated canvases of Portuguese Romantic art, ''"Cinco Artistas em Sintra"''), writers such as Eça de Queirós or Ramalho Ortigão, all these people lived, worked or got inspiration from Sintra's landscapes. By the beginning of the 20th century, Sintra was recognized as a summer resort visited by aristocrats and millionaires. Among these, Carvalho Monteiro, owner of a considerable fortune (known as ''"Monteiro dos Milhões"'') constructed near the main town on an estate he bought from the Baroness of Regaleira, the Quinta da Regaleira, regarded as a prime example of

Neo-Manueline Neo-Manueline is a revival style of architecture which drew from the 16th century Manueline Late Gothic architecture of Portugal. Neo-Manueline constructions have been built across Portugal, Brazil, and the Lusophone world (the former Portuguese ...

architecture.

World War II

During the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...

, the region was the centre of spies and diplomatic secrecy, situations that provided the region with a cosmopolitan atmosphere and sophistication. Owing to the vision of Fausto Cardoso de Figueiredo and his business partner Augusto Carreira de Sousa, it became an international tourist destination both during and after the Second World War. In July 1940, Edward, Duke of Windsor (former Edward VIII of the United Kingdom) and his wife, Wallis Simpson, fled from

Occupied France The Military Administration in France (german: Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; french: Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied z ...

to Estoril, where they lived for a few weeks in the home of Ricardo de Espírito Santo, a Portuguese banker with both British and German contacts. During that time, several dignitaries and exiles came to Estoril: Miklós Horthy, the regent of the

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coronation of the Hungarian monarch, c ...

(lived and died in exile after the Second World War); the Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona (father of Juan Carlos I of Spain) and the King resided in the territory, as did Umberto II of Italy and

Carol II of Romania Carol II (4 April 1953) was King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his forced abdication on 6 September 1940. The eldest son of Ferdinand I, he became crown prince upon the death of his grand-uncle, King Carol I in 1914. He was the first of th ...

. It was also in this location that former Portuguese dictator

António de Oliveira Salazar António de Oliveira Salazar (, , ; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese dictator who served as President of the Council of Ministers from 1932 to 1968. Having come to power under the ("National Dictatorship"), he reframed the re ...

had a summer house. It was Salazar who ordered the construction of the E.N.6 motorway, more commonly referred to as the ''Avenida Marginal'', in order for him to quickly travel by car between Cascais and Lisbon. Until then the accessway was nothing more than a dirt road. The roadway permitted the dictator to travel rapidly, and with fewer stops, and it was not possible for him to be recognized easily in transit. Linha de Cascais DSC 0241 (17296423451)

Complementing the

jet-set In journalism, jet set is a term for an international social group of wealthy people who travel the world to participate in social activities unavailable to ordinary people. The term, which replaced "café society", came from the lifestyle of tra ...

community that prospered in the region, Casino Estoril, Europe's largest casino, was founded in 1958.

Today

Today the towns of the Portuguese Riviera continue to host the Portuguese elite and be a vacation destination for international tourists. The Riviera plays an important part in tourism in Portugal. A large expatriate community continues to exist, primarily in Cascais and Sintra, leading to the majority of Lisbon's international schools being located within the area (with Carlucci American International School and

TASIS Portugal TASIS Portugal, formally known as The American School in Portugal, is a private American international school in Portugal. It is the newest of the four TASIS Schools, a Swiss group of American international schools. Located in Linhó, Sintra, o ...

in Sintra, St Julian's School and St Dominic's School in Cascais, and Oeiras International School). Luxury gated communities have greatly developed in the region in the late 20th and early 21st century, including Quinta da Marinha (Cascais),

Quinta Patino Quinta may refer to: * Quinta (estate) in Portugal * Quinta (musician), British multi-instrumentalist * In medieval music theory, alternative term for diapente (perfect fifth) * ''Quinta'' (skipper), genus of butterflies * Claudia Quinta, Roman ...

( Estoril), Quinta da Beloura and Quinta da Penha Longa (both in

Linhó, Sintra Linhó is an affluent village in the municipality of Sintra, on the Portuguese Riviera, known for its resorts, restaurants, and its two prominent gated community, gated communities, Quinta da Penha Longa and Quinta da Beloura. Linhó is home to a l ...

). Since the middle of the 20th century, the region has come to play host to numerous international sports and entertainment festivals, such as the Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival (in Estoril), the

4 Hours of Estoril The 4 Hours of Estoril was a sports car endurance race held at the Autódromo do Estoril in Estoril, on the Portuguese Riviera. The race was first held in 1977 as a round of the World Sportscar Championship. It was revived in 2001 for the Eu ...

endurance race (in Cascais), and NOS Alive music festival (in Algés). The Cascais Marina has hosted many important events, including the

America's Cup World Series The America's Cup World Series are match races and fleet regattas used as heats for the 2013 America's Cup and the 2017 America's Cup. The Yachts AC45 and AC45F The World Series uses AC45 catamarans, a one-design wingsail catamaran designed speci ...

Geography

Climate

The region has a Mediterranean climate, influenced by the

and characterized by moderate temperatures and wet winters. The climate in the area of

Cabo da Roca Cabo da Roca () or Cape Roca is a cape which forms the westernmost point of the Sintra Mountain Range, of mainland Portugal, of continental Europe, and of the Eurasian landmass. It is situated in the municipality of Sintra, near Azóia, in ...

, the westernmost point of

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

, is primarily semi-arid. The

are considered moderately humid, but precipitation in the mountains is higher than in the surrounding areas. The position of Sintra in the natural landscape of the Sintra Mountains is influenced by the existence of a micro-climate. Due to its micro-climate, the area has developed a dense foliage with a rich botanical diversity. The coast along Praia do Guincho, located within the bounds of the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park, is known for its particularly strong winds and powerful waves, making it a popular destination for surfing, kitesurfing and windsurfing.

Parks

File:Sintra - Palacio da Pena (20334379279) (cropped).jpg, Parque da Pena File:WestCoast Portugal.jpg,

File:Monserate 2180128 1 (244152369).jpeg, Parque de Monserrate File:Sintra, Quinta da Regaleira 05.jpg, Jardim da Regaleira File:Portugal-1209457 960 720.jpg, Praia da Ursa File:Sintra, Parque da Pena 04.jpg, Parque da Pena File:Lagoa no Parque Marechal Carmona, Cascais. 05-19.jpg, Parque Marechal Carmona File:Cabo Raso e Cabo da Roca (140814921) (cropped).jpg, Praia do Guincho File:Parque Natural de Sintra-Cascais CM02.jpg, Sintra-Cascais Natural Park File:"Túmulo do Inglês" - Praia de Paço de Arcos - Portugal (1473460028).jpg, Praia de

Paço de Arcos Paço de Arcos () is a locality of Oeiras. In 2013, the parish of Paço de Arcos merged into the new parish Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos e Caxias. The population in 2011 was 15,315, in an area of 3.39 km². It was elevate ...

Places

Aerial photograph of Lisbon to the west (cropped)

Places following the broadest definition of the Portuguese Riviera: * Cascais ** Estoril ** Carcavelos ** Parede ** Alcabideche *

** Linhó ** Queluz **

São Pedro de Penaferrim São Pedro de Penaferrim () is a former civil parish in the municipality of Sintra, Lisbon District, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Sintra (Santa Maria e São Miguel, São Martinho e São Pedro de Penaferrim). The popula ...

** Colares ** Belas * Oeiras **

** São Julião da Barra ** Caxias

Culture

The Portuguese Riviera is famed as a bastion of culture in Portugal, as the home to numerous prestigious institutions, art galleries, museums, and a cultural agenda including various international music festivals, film festivals, concerts, international summit meetings, and cultural festivals, among others. The riviera is home to numerous Michelin star restaurants and known as a culinary destination for Portuguese cuisine and international cuisine alike.

Summer architecture Summer architecture ('' pt, arquitetura de veraneio'') was a Portuguese architectural movement originating in the Portuguese Riviera, in late 19th and early 20th century, when the region became a popular resort destination for the Portuguese Ro ...

, a Portuguese architectural movement of the 19th and early 20th century, originated in the Riviera, following the Portuguese Royal Family's arrival in the region in 1870. The

Portuguese School of Equestrian Art The Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre (''Portuguese School of Equestrian Art'') is a Portuguese institution dedicated to the preservation of the equestrian arts, in the Portuguese tradition. It is one of the "Big Four", the most prestigious clas ...

, one of the "Big Four" most prestigious classical riding academies in the world, is based at Queluz National Palace in

Museums and galleries

The Casa das Histórias Paula Rego, a museum and art gallery designed by Souto de Moura, houses the largest collection of works by famed artist Paula Rego. The Museum of Portuguese Music, in Estoril, is dedicated to the study and history of the

music of Portugal Portuguese music includes many different styles and genres, as a result of its history. These can be broadly divided into classical music, traditional/folk music and popular music and all of them have produced internationally successful acts, with ...

. The Palace of the Counts of Castro Guimarães, in Cascais, Monserrate Palace, a Romanticist villa in

, and Quinta da Regaleira, 19th-century

palace, are all estates that are open to the public, serving to show the Portuguese nobility historically lived on the Riviera, with notable differences in the architecture and lifestyles between Cascais aristocrats and Sintra nobles. The NewsMuseum in

is one of the first museums in

dedicated to the study of the news and media. The Sintra Natural History Museum is an internationally-recognized museum of natural history in the historic center of

. File:Palais_royal_de_Queluz_-_Fontaine.jpg, Queluz National Palace File:Queluz_Palace_horses_approach_(9180978620).jpg,

at Queluz File:EstorilMusicMuseum2 (cropped).jpg, Museum of Portuguese Music File:Casa Das Histórias. (6086769476) (cropped).jpg, Casa das Histórias Paula Rego File:Palacio Nacional, Sintra, Portugal, 2019-05-25, DD 89.jpg, Sintra National Palace File:Quinta da Regaleira (34942395382) (cropped).jpg, Quinta da Regaleira File:Quinta Real de Caxias (Oeiras) 5 (cropped).jpg, Royal Quinta of Caxias File:Pena National Palace - Sintra - Palácio Nacional da Pena (15842491914) (cropped).jpg, Pena National Palace File:Hotel Museu do Farol de Santa Marta IMG 7103 (2497377933) (cropped).jpg, Casa de Santa Maria File:Cascais, the town hall (cropped).JPG, Cascais Town Museum File:Palácio Marquês de Pombal - Oeiras - Portugal (37512977350) (cropped).jpg, Palace of the Marquês de Pombal in Oeiras File:Cascata do Palacio do Marques.jpg, Gardens at the Palace of the Marquês de Pombal File:Farol de Santa Marta, Cascais. 02-20 (cropped).jpg, Forte de Santa Marta File:Cascais - Portugal 003 (cropped).jpg, King Luís I Foundation & Cultural Center File:Museu de História Natural de Sintra Exposição (cropped).jpg, Sintra Natural History Museum File:Aqu rio Vasco da Gama (Portugal) (80884059) (cropped).jpg, Aquário Vasco da Gama File:NewsMuseum.JPG, NewsMuseum File:Exiles Memorial Center in Estoril, Portugal 20200112 03.jpg, Exiles Memorial Center

Events and festivals

Summits

Bilderberg Meeting The Bilderberg meeting (also known as the Bilderberg Group) is an annual off-the-record conference established in 1954 to foster dialogue between Europe and North America. The group's agenda, originally to prevent another world war, is now defi ...

(1999) * Horasis Global Meeting (since 2017)

Music

* Cascais Jazz Festival * NOS Alive (since 2007) *

Super Bock Super Rock Super Bock Super Rock is a music festival in Portugal that takes place annually since 1995. It is organized by the Portuguese live entertainment company Música no Coração and is named after its main sponsor, the beer brand Super Bock. Over t ...

(since 1994) *Festas do Mar (since 1965) *Estoril Jazz Festival (''Festival de Jazz do Estoril''; since 1971) *Estoril Festival (''Festival do Estoril''; since 1975) *Musa Cascais Festival (since 1999) *EDP Cool Jazz (since 2013)

Film

* Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival (since 2007)

Sporting

* America's Cup (2011) * Estoril Tennis Open (since 2015) * Estoril Golf Open (only 1999) * Estoril Challenge de Portugal (1997-2007) * Ironman 70.3 (since 2017) *

Portuguese Open The Open de Portugal, previously the Portuguese Open, is an annual professional golf tournament, currently played on the Challenge Tour. History It was first played in 1953, and was part of the European Tour's schedule from 1973 to 2010. After a ...

(1953-2010) * Star World Championships (1948, 1952, 1954, 1962, 2007) *

(since 1997) *

Portuguese Grand Prix The Portuguese Grand Prix (''Grande Prémio de Portugal'') is a motorsports event that was first held in 1951 as a sportscar event, and then intermittently disappearing for many years before being revived again. In 1964 event was held as a spo ...

(since 1951) *

Portuguese motorcycle Grand Prix The Portuguese motorcycle Grand Prix is a motorcycling road racing event that is part of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing World Championship. History The event was first held in 1987 at the Jarama circuit in Spain. The reason for this was becau ...

(since 1987)

Notable residents

Madonna at the premiere of I Am Because We Are

Vladimir Putin and Juan Carlos I (cropped)

Royalty and nobility

* King Juan Carlos I of Spain () * King Umberto II of Italy (

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

) * King Carol II of Romania () * Queen Marie-José of Belgium () * Princess Isabel of Orléans-Braganza ( Brazil) * Henri (VI) d'Orléans, Count of Paris (

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

) * Henri (VII) d'Orléans, Count of Paris (

) * Princess Diane, Duchess of Württemberg (

) * Princess Anne, Duchess of Calabria (

) * Princess Claude of Orléans (

) *

Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria Archduke (feminine: Archduchess; German: ''Erzherzog'', feminine form: ''Erzherzogin'') was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria, and later by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within ...

(

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

) * Archduke Joseph Árpád of Austria (

) * Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (

) * Isabel, Duchess of Braganza (

) * Afonso, Prince of Beira (

) * Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona () * Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz () * Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria () * Infante Alfonso of Spain () * Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples (

) * Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy (

) *

Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma (born Princess Maria Pia of Savoy; 24 September 1934) is the eldest daughter of Umberto II of Italy and Marie-José of Belgium. She is the older sister of Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy, Vittorio Emanuele, ...

(

) *

Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy (Maria Gabriella Giuseppa Aldegonda Adelaide Ludovica Felicita Gennara; born 24 February 1940) is the middle daughter of Italy's last king, Umberto II, and Marie José of Belgium, the "May Queen". She is a his ...

(

) * Queen Giovanna of Bulgaria (

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...

) * Princess Anna of Saxony (

Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a ...

) * Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (

Sicily (man) it, Siciliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Ethnicity , demographics1_footnotes = , demographi ...

) * Princess Magda of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

) * Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary (

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Cr ...

)

Celebrities

Ana Free Ana Gomes Ferreira (born 29 June 1987), known professionally as Ana Free, is a singer, musician, songwriter and performer who has had a series of top-five hit singles, including 4 number one hits, in Portugal. She has a growing musical presence ...

, Portuguese singer *

Annabelle Wallis Annabelle Wallis (born 5 September 1984) is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Jane Seymour in Showtime's period drama ''The Tudors'' (2009–2010), Grace Burgess in the BBC drama ''Peaky Blinders'' (2013–2022), Mia Form in t ...

, English actress *

Aure Atika Aure Atika (born 12 July 1970) is a French actress, writer and director. Life and career The daughter of Jewish-Moroccan Ode Atika Bitton and Frenchman Michel Fournier (his father was born in Algeria from the Aimeur family of film actors and ...

, French actress and director * Chabeli Iglesias, Spanish socialite * Daniela Ruah, Portuguese actress * Jack Glatzer, American violinist * Kristoffer Rygg, Norwegian producer *

Luana Piovani Luana Elídia Afonso Piovani (, born 29 August 1976) is a Brazilian actress, TV host, and former model. Career Piovani started her career as a Ford Models Agency model in 1990 and a year later spent some time working in Japan. Piovani's first ...

, Brazilian supermodel * Madonna, American pop star *

Mariana van Zeller Mariana van Zeller (born May 7, 1976) is a Peabody Award-winning Portuguese journalist and correspondent for National Geographic Channel. She is also chief correspondent for Fusion and is a former correspondent for the ''Vanguard'' documentary s ...

, Portuguese journalist *

Mia Rose Mia Rose (born Maria Antónia Teixeira Rosa; 26 January 1988) is an English-born singer-songwriter of Portuguese descent, notable for her popularity on the video sharing website YouTube. Career Mia Rose was born in Wimbledon, London. Rose ope ...

, Portuguese singer *

Nadir Afonso Nadir Afonso, GOSE (4 December 1920 – 11 December 2013) was a Portuguese geometric abstractionist painter. Formally trained in architecture, which he practiced early in his career with Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer, Nadir Afonso later studi ...

, Portuguese architect * Paula Rego, Portuguese artist * Philippe Starck, French designer * Rita Pereira, Portuguese actress

Athletes

Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro (; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward and captains the Portugal national team. He is currently a free agent. Widely regarded as one of the greatest pl ...

, Portuguese footballer * Magali de Lattre, Swiss tennis player *

Eric Dier Eric Jeremy Edgar Dier (born 15 January 1994) is an English professional footballer who plays for club Tottenham Hotspur and the England national team. A versatile defensive player, Dier has been deployed as a defensive midfielder, a centre-b ...

, English footballer * Iker Casillas, Spanish footballer * Afonso Taira, Portuguese footballer *

Kasper Schmeichel Kasper Peter Schmeichel (born 5 November 1986) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Nice and the Denmark national team. Schmeichel began his career with Manchester City, but had loan spells with Darlington, ...

, Danish footballer * António Félix da Costa, Portuguese racecar driver * Luka Zahović, Slovenian footballer * Paulo Ferreira, Portuguese footballer *

Duarte Tammilehto Duarte Cartaxo Tammilehto (born 15 February 1990) is a Finnish football player who currently plays for the Veikkausliiga side FC Honka in Finland. He also holds a Portuguese passport. Honours Club ;FC Honka * Finnish Cup: 2012 * Finnish Le ...

, Finnish footballer * Nuno Gomes, Portuguese footballer

Politicians

* Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, current President of Portugal *

Francisco Pinto Balsemão Francisco José Pereira Pinto Balsemão (; born 1 September 1937) is a Portuguese businessman, former journalist and retired politician, who served as Prime Minister of Portugal, from 1981 to 1983. Background He is the son of Henrique Patrício ...

, former Portuguese prime minister * Fulgencio Batista, former President of Cuba

Historical figures

Lord Byron George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824), known simply as Lord Byron, was an English romantic poet and peer. He was one of the leading figures of the Romantic movement, and has been regarded as among the ...

, British Romanticist poet *

Tennessee Claflin Lady Tennessee Celeste Claflin, Viscountess of Montserrat (October 26, 1844 – January 18, 1923), also known as Tennie C., was an American suffragist best known as the first woman, along with her sister Victoria Woodhull, to open a Wall St ...

, first American woman to run a Wall Street firm * Christopher Isherwood, British-American novelist *

Glauber Rocha Glauber de Andrade Rocha (; 14 March 1939 – 22 August 1981) was a Brazilian film director, actor and screenwriter. He was one of the most influential moviemakers of Brazilian cinema and a key figure of Cinema Novo. His films '' Black God, Whit ...

, Brazilian ''

Cinema Novo Cinema Novo (), "New Cinema" in English, is a genre and movement of film noted for its emphasis on social equality and intellectualism that rose to prominence in Brazil during the 1960s and 1970s.Dixon & Foster, 293. Cinema Novo formed in res ...

'' film director *

Adrian Conan Doyle Adrian Malcolm Conan Doyle (19 November 19103 June 1970) was the youngest son of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and his second wife Jean, Lady Doyle or Lady Conan Doyle. He had two siblings, sister Jean Conan Doyle and brother Denis, as well as two half ...

, British heir and playboy * Roy Campbell, South African poet * Gloria Swanson, American

silent film A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound (or more generally, no audible dialogue). Though silent films convey narrative and emotion visually, various plot elements (such as a setting or era) or key lines of dialogue may, w ...

actress * Ayrton Senna, Brazilian racecar driver

Gallery

File:Cascais - Cidadela - Mar 2010.jpg, Statue of King Carlos I of Portugal in front of Cascais Citadel File:2016-10-18 Cascais 6043 (22779921718).jpg, Seixas Palace File:GuimaraesPalace.jpg, Palace of the Counts of Castro Guimarães, in Cascais File:Casa das Historias Souto Moura 4.jpg, ''Casa das Histórias Paula Rego'', designed by Eduardo Souto de Moura File:Passeio Dona Maria Pia, 2750-642 Cascais, Portugal - panoramio.jpg, Estoril Sol Residence File:Queluz Palace Robillon Pavilion.JPG, Robillon Pavilion of Queluz National Palace File:Cascais (Portugal) (9767404196) (cropped).jpg, Casa D. António de Lencastre File:Praia do Tamariz - Estoril.jpg, Tamariz Beach in Estoril File:Neptune%27s_glory_(29838154532).jpg, Queluz National Palace in

File:Sintra_Town_Hall.jpg,

City Hall File:Quinta da Regaleira (34340647203).jpg, Quinta da Regaleira in the

File:Lovely atlantic beach - panoramio (cropped).jpg, Praia do Guincho File:33068-Estoril_(36166226910).jpg, Hotel Palácio in Estoril File:Cascais Costa do Esteril 63 (36171292293).jpg, Cliffs along the coast of Estoril File:Quinta real Caxias-2.jpg, Gardens of the Royal Quinta in Caxias File:Avenida_D._Carlos_I_(cropped).jpg, King

Carlos I Carlos I may refer to: *Carlos I of Spain (1500–1558), also Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire *Carlos I of Portugal ''Dom'' Carlos I (; English: King Charles of Portugal; 28 September 1863 – 1 February 1908), known as the Diplomat ( pt, ...

Avenue in Cascais File:Cascais - Portugal 011.jpg, Cascais Marina

References

Bibliography

* Bloch, Michael (1982). ''The Duke of Windsor's War''. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. . {{coord missing, Portugal

Coasts of Europe Landforms of Portugal