The Portuguese House of Burgundy ( pt, Casa de Borgonha) or the Afonsine Dynasty (''Dinastia Afonsina'') was a Portuguese
dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,''Oxford English Dictionary'', "dynasty, ''n''." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897. usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A ...
that ruled the
Kingdom of Portugal
The Kingdom of Portugal ( la, Regnum Portugalliae, pt, Reino de Portugal) was a monarchy in the western Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic. Existing to various extents between 1139 and 1910, it was also kn ...
from its founding until the
1383–85 Portuguese Interregnum.
The house was founded by
Henry of Burgundy, who became
Count of Portugal in 1096. His son,
Afonso Henriques
Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' ( Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French in ...
, was proclaimed
King of Portugal
This is a list of Portuguese monarchs who ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution.
Through the ...
following his victory at the
Battle of Ourique in 1139. Burgundian monarchs would rule Portugal through much of its early formation, including the formalization of the
Portuguese language
Portuguese ( or, in full, ) is a western Romance languages, Romance language of the Indo-European language family, originating in the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. It is an official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Angola, Mozambique, ...
under
King Dinis I, the first
Portuguese parliament
The Assembly of the Republic ( Portuguese: ''Assembleia da República'', ), commonly referred to as simply Parliament ( Portuguese: ''Parlamento''), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliame ...
, under
King Afonso II, and the conquest of the
Kingdom of the Algarve
The Kingdom of the Algarve ( Portuguese: ''Reino do Algarve'', from the Arabic ''Gharb al-Andalus'' ), after 1471 Kingdom of the Algarves ( Portuguese: ''Reino dos Algarves''), was a nominal kingdom within the Kingdom of Portugal, located in the s ...
, under
King Afonso III. Numerous princes of the house took up thrones across Europe, such as
Ferdinand I, Count of Flanders and
Peter I, Count of Urgell
Peter I ( pt, Pedro, ) (23 February 1187 - 2 June 1258) was the second son of King Sancho I of Portugal and his wife Dulce, infanta of Aragon, and would eventually become
Count of Urgell and Lord of the Balearic Islands.
Biography
Peter was bo ...
. Similarly, many princesses became royal consorts, including
Berengaria, Queen of Denmark,
Leonor, Queen of Aragon, and
Teresa, Duchess of Burgundy, among others.
History
Origins
Henry, Count of Portugal, a grandson in the senior line of
Robert I, Duke of Burgundy, had joined the
Reconquista
The ' ( Spanish, Portuguese and Galician for "reconquest") is a historiographical construction describing the 781-year period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the N ...
in the
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula (),
**
* Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica''
**
**
* french: Péninsule Ibérique
* mwl, Península Eibérica
* eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, def ...
in the late 11th century. After conquering parts of Galicia and northern Portugal on behalf of
Alfonso VI of León, he married Alfonso's illegitimate daughter,
Teresa, and was given the County of Portugal as a fief under the
Kingdom of León
The Kingdom of León; es, Reino de León; gl, Reino de León; pt, Reino de Leão; la, Regnum Legionense; mwl, Reino de Lhion was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in 910 when t ...
.
His son,
Afonso Henriques
Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' ( Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French in ...
, became King of Portugal after defeating his mother in the
Battle of São Mamede in 1128. It was only in 1179 that
Pope Alexander III
Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 30 August 1181), born Roland ( it, Rolando), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181.
A native of Siena, Alexander became pope after a con ...
recognized Portugal as an independent state,
[António Henrique R. de Oliveira Marques, ''History of Portugal: From Lusitania to Empire'', (Columbia University Press, 1972), 43.] recognition, at the time, needed for total acceptance of the kingdom in the
Christian
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι� ...
world.
On his mother's side, Afonso I of Portugal is connected to the
Jiménez dynasty, and through
Sancha of León
Sancha of León (8 November 1067) was a princess and queen of León. She was married to Ferdinand I, the Count of Castile who later became King of León after having killed Sancha's brother in battle. She and her husband commissioned the Crucif ...
, to the
Astur-Leonese dynasty, making him a descendant of
Pelagius of Asturias. As the
Chronicle of Alfonso III
The ''Chronicle of Alfonso III'' ( la, Chronica Adefonsi tertii regis) is a chronicle composed in the early tenth century on the order of King Alfonso III of León with the goal of showing the continuity between Visigothic Spain and the later Chris ...
identifies Pelagius as a grandson of
Chindasuinth, this would make Afonso I the descendant of
Liuvigild
Liuvigild, Leuvigild, Leovigild, or ''Leovigildo'' ( Spanish and Portuguese), ( 519 – 586) was a Visigothic King of Hispania and Septimania from 568 to 586. Known for his Codex Revisus or Code of Leovigild, a law allowing equal rights between ...
. Liuvigild was King of the
Visigoths
The Visigoths (; la, Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi) were an early Germanic people who, along with the Ostrogoths, constituted the two major political entities of the Goths within the Roman Empire in late antiquity, or what is k ...
in the 6th Century a.C. (see
Visigothic dynasty), who conquered the
Suebi Kingdom
The Kingdom of the Suebi ( la, Regnum Suevorum), also called the Kingdom of Galicia ( la, Regnum Galicia) or Suebi Kingdom of Galicia ( la, Galicia suevorum regnum), was a Germanic post-Roman kingdom that was one of the first to separate from ...
, thus controlling most of the Iberian Peninsula (and all of what would be Portugal, - see
Visigothic Kingdom
The Visigothic Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of the Goths ( la, Regnum Gothorum), was a kingdom that occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries. One of the Germanic successor states to ...
). On his father's side, Afonso I of Portugal is connected to the
Capetian dynasty
The Capetian dynasty (; french: Capétiens), also known as the House of France, is a dynasty of Frankish origin, and a branch of the Robertians. It is among the largest and oldest royal houses in Europe and the world, and consists of Hug ...
, a branch of the
Frankish Robertians that goes back to
Robert II, Count of Hesbaye in the 9th a.C.
Kings of Portugal
The kings that succeeded Afonso I continued the
Reconquista
The ' ( Spanish, Portuguese and Galician for "reconquest") is a historiographical construction describing the 781-year period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the N ...
of the
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula (),
**
* Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica''
**
**
* french: Péninsule Ibérique
* mwl, Península Eibérica
* eu, Iberiar penintsula also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe, def ...
against the
Moors
The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages.
Moors are not a distinc ...
.
Afonso III conquered the
Algarve
The Algarve (, , ; from ) is the southernmost NUTS II region of continental Portugal. It has an area of with 467,495 permanent inhabitants and incorporates 16 municipalities ( ''concelhos'' or ''municípios'' in Portuguese).
The region has it ...
and adopted the title of ''King of Portugal and the Algarve''.
The borders of Portugal were defined in the
Treaty of Alcanizes (1297) when king
Dinis I, son of Afonso III, started developing the kingdom's land.
Demise
In 1383
Beatrice, princess of Portugal and heir to the throne married
John I of Castile. When
Ferdinand I (her father) died during the same year the kingdom entered a period of anarchy called the
1383-1385 Crisis, threatened with a possible annexation by
Castile.
This period ended in 1385 with the victory of the Portuguese in the
Battle of Aljubarrota
The Battle of Aljubarrota (; see Aljubarrota) was fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of Englis ...
and a new dynasty began with
John I, Master of Aviz (illegitimate son of Peter I), thus called the
House of Aviz.
Burgundian monarchs
Symbols
Coats of arms
Family tree of the Portuguese House of Burgundy
See also
*
List of Portuguese monarchs
*
House of Aviz
*
Portugal in the Middle Ages
*
Timeline of Portuguese history
__NOTOC__
This is a timeline of Portuguese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Portugal and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Portugal.
Centuri ...
Footnotes
External links
(Portuguese) The Portuguese monarchs of Burgundy and their history
{{Royal houses of Portugal
1139 establishments in Europe
1383 disestablishments in Europe
14th-century disestablishments in Portugal
12th-century establishments in Portugal
gl:Dinastía de Borgoña