Technology
Prerequisites
The filter only needs water (e.g. from wells or rivers), to function. There are neither chemicals nor energy nor trained personnel required. The entire operation is shown in four pictograms, so that it can be operated without any prior knowledge, as a test with different population groups in India has shown.Operation
The core of the device is a membrane filter unit. After it is set up at its destination, it is filled with about 100 litres of raw water from surface waters. After a waiting period of one to two minutes the filtered water flows out of the drain hose. During filtering raw water must be replenished continuously .Performance
At about 1.15 metres of water pressure, the water is filtered through the membrane with a pore size of 20 to 100 nm. The device removes bacteria with an efficiency of 99.999% (measurement Institut Fresenius, E. coli and Coliform) and viruses to 99.9% (measured Bonn University, coliphages). A system based on ultrafiltration system (unlikeUse and dissemination
The water filter is designed for use in emergency and disaster situations. As a backpack it can, if necessary, be brought by walking to the locations. It first came in March 2010 to use in Chile. Since September 2010, the spread increased significantly so that in April 2012, about 700 copies in over 30 countries worldwide. As the lifespan of the membrane is around ten years, aid agencies can leave the device after a disaster on site. Regular servicing or cleaning of the filter every few months is recommended, and depending on the degree of contamination of the raw water necessary. To clean it the backpack is to be filled once completely and then emptied through the bottom outlet to flush the sediments out. PAUL is beside the German Foreign Office used by many organizations in humanitarian relief.Development
The device was developed in the Department of Urban Water Management in the Department ofAwards
The project "PAUL - Potable water at disasters" in 2011 at the German competition "365 Landmarks in the Land of Ideas" as the national winner in the Category Society Competition.See also
* LifeSaver bottle * Tata Swach * Slingshot (water vapor distillation system) * LifeStrawLiterature
* HDL �External links
References
{{Reflist Water filters Membrane technology Disaster preparedness University of Kassel Appropriate technology