The Popular Liberation Front ( es, Frente de Liberación Popular, abbreviated FLP or FELIPE) was a clandestine anti-

Francoist Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spai ...

opposition group in

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

1958-1969. FLP was founded by Julio Cerón. Amongst the personalities that joined FLP were José Luis Leal,

Pasqual Maragall Pasqual Maragall i Mira (; born 13 January 1941) is a Spanish politician and former President of Generalitat de Catalunya. He had previously been Mayor of Barcelona, from 1982 to 1997, and helped run the city's successful Olympic bid. Early l ...

José Pedro Pérez Llorca José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacu ...

and

Miguel Roca Miguel Roca (born 21 April 1955) is a Spanish fencer. He competed in the individual foil event at the 1980 Summer Olympics The 1980 Summer Olympics (russian: Летние Олимпийские игры 1980, Letniye Olimpiyskiye igry 198 ...

.http://w3.el-mundo.es/2000/08/23/opinion/23N0031.html FLP emerged as a response to the difficulties of the traditional left to establish a foothold inside Spain. FLP was inspired by the development of left socialist parties like PSU in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

and

PSIUP The Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (''Partito Socialista Italiano di Unità Proletaria'', PSIUP) was a political party in Italy, active from 1964 to 1972. History The PSIUP was formed on 12 January 1964 by a leftist section of the ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

, and was influenced by New Left and

Third World The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact. The United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Western European nations and their allies represented the " First ...

ist movements. The Catalan referent of FLP was the

Workers Front of Catalonia The Workers' Front of Catalonia ( ca, Front Obrer de Catalunya, FOC) was a clandestine political movement in Catalonia, Spain, formed in 1961, and active during the Spanish State of caudillo Francisco Franco. It was the continuation of the Popular ...

and its Basque referent was Euskadiko Sozialisten Batasuna.Historia del Felipe (De Julio Cerón a la LCR), de Julio Antonio García Alcalá
In 1962 there was a crackdown against FLP, and around a hundred FLP militants were detained by police. In 1969 a student and member of the FLP, Enrique Ruano Casanova, was killed by the

political police Secret police (or political police) are intelligence, security or police agencies that engage in covert operations against a government's political, religious, or social opponents and dissidents. Secret police organizations are characteristic of a ...

while he was arrested, causing a wave of demonstrations and strikes in the universities of

. Due to the protests the

Regime In politics, a regime (also "régime") is the form of government or the set of rules, cultural or social norms, etc. that regulate the operation of a government or institution and its interactions with society. According to Yale professor Juan Jo ...

declared the

State of exception A state of exception (german: Ausnahmezustand) is a concept introduced in the 1920s by the German philosopher and jurist Carl Schmitt, similar to a state of emergency (martial law) but based in the sovereign's ability to transcend the rule of law ...

on the 24 of January 1969.

References

{{reflist * García Alcalá, Julio Antonio. ''Historia del "Felipe" (FLP, FOC y ESBA): de Julio Cerón a la Liga Comunista Revolucionaria''. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, 2001. Anti-Francoism Socialist parties in Spain