Pope Gregory V ( la, Gregorius V; c. 972 – 18 February 999), born Bruno of Carinthia, was the
bishop of Rome
A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution.
In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...
and ruler of the
Papal States from 3 May 996 to his death. A member of the
Salian dynasty, he was made
pope by his cousin,
Emperor Otto III.
Family
Gregory was a son of
Otto I, Duke of Carinthia, a member of the
Salian dynasty who was a grandson of
Holy Roman Emperor Otto I
Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Große, it, Ottone il Grande), was East Frankish king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. He was the oldest son of Henr ...
. Gregory V succeeded
John XV
John is a common English name and surname:
* John (given name)
* John (surname)
John may also refer to:
New Testament
Works
* Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John
* First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John
* Second E ...
as
pope when only twenty-four years of age. He was the chaplain of his cousin,
Otto III, who presented him as candidate. Gregory V is often counted as the first German pope (or the second if
Boniface II
Pope Boniface II ( la, Bonifatius II; died 17 October 532) was the first Germanic bishop of Rome. He ruled the Holy See from 22 September 530 until his death on 17 October 532.
Boniface's father's name was Sigibuld. He was probably born in Ro ...
, an
Ostrogoth, is counted).
Policies
Politically, Gregory V acted consistently as the Emperor's representative in Rome and granted many exceptional privileges to monasteries within the
Holy Roman Empire. One of his first acts was to crown
Otto III emperor on 21 May 996. Together, they held a synod a few days after the coronation in which
Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims
Arnulf (also Arnulph or Arnoul) was the illegitimate son of King Lothair of France who became archbishop of Reims.
Arnulf belonged to the Carolingian dynasty, the rule of which in France ended when Arnulf's half-brother, Louis V, died childle ...
, was ordered to be restored to his
See of Reims
The Archdiocese of Reims (traditionally spelt "Rheims" in English) ( la, Archidiœcesis Remensis; French: ''Archidiocèse de Reims'') is a Latin Church ecclesiastic territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. Erected as a diocese ...
, and
Gerbert of Aurillac, was condemned as an intruder. King
Robert II of France, who had been insisting on his right to appoint bishops, was ultimately forced to back down, and also to put aside his wife,
Bertha of Burgundy
Bertha of Burgundy (964 – 16 January 1010) was Queen of the Franks as the second wife of King Robert II.
Bertha was the daughter of King Conrad of BurgundyStefan Weinfurter, ''The Salian Century: Main Currents in an Age of Transition'', trans ...
, by the rigorous enforcement of a sentence of
excommunication on the kingdom.
Until the conclusion of the council of
Pavia in 997, Gregory V had a rival in the person of the
antipope John XVI
John XVI ( 945 – 1001; born gr, Ιωάννης Φιλάγαθος, Ioannis Philagathos; it, Giovanni Filagato; la, Johannes Philagathus) was an antipope from 997 to 998.
Biography
John was of Greek descent and was a native of Rossa ...
(997–998), whom
Crescentius II
Crescentius the Younger (or Crescentius II; died 29 April 998), son of Crescentius the Elder, was a leader of the aristocracy of medieval Rome. During the minority of Holy Roman Emperor Otto III, he declared himself Consul (or Senator) of Rome ( ...
and the nobles of Rome had chosen against the will of the youthful Emperor Otto III, Gregory's cousin. The revolt of Crescentius II was decisively suppressed by the Emperor, who marched upon Rome. John XVI fled, and Crescentius II shut himself up in the
Castel Sant'Angelo
The Mausoleum of Hadrian, usually known as Castel Sant'Angelo (; English: ''Castle of the Holy Angel''), is a towering cylindrical building in Parco Adriano, Rome, Italy. It was initially commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleu ...
. The Emperor's troops pursued the antipope, captured him, cut off his nose and ears, cut out his tongue, blinded him, and publicly degraded him before Otto III and Gregory V. When the much respected
St. Nilus of Rossano castigated both the Emperor and Pope for their cruelty, John XVI was sent to the
monastery of Fulda
The Abbey of Fulda (German ''Kloster Fulda'', Latin ''Abbatia Fuldensis''), from 1221 the Princely Abbey of Fulda (''Fürstabtei Fulda'') and from 1752 the Prince-Bishopric of Fulda (''Fürstbistum Fulda''), was a Benedictine abbey and ecclesiasti ...
in Germany, where he lived until c. 1001.
The Castel Sant'Angelo was besieged, and when it was taken in 998,
Crescentius II
Crescentius the Younger (or Crescentius II; died 29 April 998), son of Crescentius the Elder, was a leader of the aristocracy of medieval Rome. During the minority of Holy Roman Emperor Otto III, he declared himself Consul (or Senator) of Rome ( ...
was hanged upon its walls.
Death
Gregory V died suddenly, not without suspicion of foul play, on 18 February 999. He is buried in
St. Peter's Basilica
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican ( it, Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica ( la, Basilica Sancti Petri), is a church built in the Renaissance style located in Vatican City, the papal en ...
near
Pope Pelagius I
Pope Pelagius I (died 4 March 561) was the bishop of Rome from 556 to his death. A former ''apocrisiarius'' to Constantinople, Pelagius I was elected pope as the candidate of Emperor Justinian I, a designation not well received in the Western Ch ...
. His successor was Gerbert, who took the name Sylvester II.
References
*
*
Sources
*
External links
''Ein Salier auf dem Stuhl Petri'' Online article on Gregory V, from the Diocese of Speyer's publication, ''
Der Pilger''
*
''Ein Salier auf dem Stuhl Petri'' online article about Gregory V, from the Diocese of Speyer's circular, ''
Der Pilger''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gregory, Pope, V
Gregory 05
German popes
10th-century German clergy
Salian dynasty
970s births
999 deaths
10th-century popes
Burials at St. Peter's Basilica