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Plato Tiburtinus ( la, Plato Tiburtinus, "Plato of Tivoli"; fl. 12th century) was a 12th-century
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional It ...
mathematician,
astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either obse ...
and translator who lived in Barcelona from 1116 to 1138. He is best known for translating
Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
and
Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walte ...
documents into Latin, and was apparently the first to translate information on the
astrolabe An astrolabe ( grc, ἀστρολάβος ; ar, ٱلأَسْطُرلاب ; persian, ستاره‌یاب ) is an ancient astronomical instrument that was a handheld model of the universe. Its various functions also make it an elaborate inclin ...
(an astronomical instrument) from Arabic. Plato of Tivoli translated the Arab astrologer
Albohali Abu Ali al-Khayyat (c.770 - c.835), often called by the Latin title Albohali in western sources, (or Albohali Alghihac, Albohali Alchait or Albenahait), was an Arab astrologer and a student of Mashallah. Al-Khayyat's ''Kitāb al-Mawālid'', "Boo ...
's "Book of Birth" into Latin in 1136. He translated
Claudius Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy (; grc-gre, Πτολεμαῖος, ; la, Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was a mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist, who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were of importanc ...
's Tetrabiblos from Arabic to Latin in 1138, the astronomical works of
al-Battani Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī aṣ-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī ( ar, محمد بن جابر بن سنان البتاني) ( Latinized as Albategnius, Albategni or Albatenius) (c. 858 – 929) was an astron ...
, Theodosius' ''Spherics'' and the ''Liber Embadorum'' by Abraham bar Chiia.David Eugene Smith, ''History of Mathematics'', (Dover Publications, Inc, 1951), 201. He has worked together with the Jewish mathematician Savasorda ( Abraham Bar Ḥiyya Ha-Nasi). His manuscripts were widely circulated and were among others used by
Albertus Magnus Albertus Magnus (c. 1200 – 15 November 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great or Albert of Cologne, was a German Dominican friar, philosopher, scientist, and bishop. Later canonised as a Catholic saint, he was known during his life ...
and Fibonacci.


Works

To him are attributed four works in science- mathematics: *The Liber Embadorum (“
Book of Areas A book is a medium for recording information in the form of writing or images, typically composed of many pages (made of papyrus, parchment, vellum, or paper) bound together and protected by a cover. The technical term for this physical ar ...
,” or “ Practical Geometry”), it was transferred (after a date
astronomical Astronomy () is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, nebulae, galax ...
specified in the text ) in 1145 from the
Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
. The book had an influence on the Geometry of Fibonacci book and contains one of the first comprehensive treatments of quadratic equations in the
Occident The Occident is a term for the West, traditionally comprising anything that belongs to the Western world. It is the antonym of ''Orient'', the Eastern world. In English, it has largely fallen into disuse. The term ''occidental'' is often used to ...
. *The Spherica by Theodosius of
Bithynia Bithynia (; Koine Greek: , ''Bithynía'') was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It bordered Mysia to the southwest, ...
, *Al-Battān,i’s al-Zij (“ Astronomical Treatise”) *The De usu astrolabii of Abu’l-Qāsim Maslama ( Ibn al-Sạffār), The manuscript contains information about the first
astrolabe An astrolabe ( grc, ἀστρολάβος ; ar, ٱلأَسْطُرلاب ; persian, ستاره‌یاب ) is an ancient astronomical instrument that was a handheld model of the universe. Its various functions also make it an elaborate inclin ...
in the West. The translations from the Arabic of seven other works (five astrological, one geomantical, and one medical ow lost are ascribed to Plato: *Ptolemy’s Quadripartitum, *The Iudicia Almansoris, *The De electionibus horarum of Ali ibn Aḥmad al-Imrani, *The De nativitatibus or De iudiciis nativitatum of Abu 'Ali al-Khaiyat, *The De revolutionibus nativitatum by Abū Bakr al-Ḥasan (Albubather), *The Questiones geomantice or Liber Arenalis scientie by “ Alfakini, son of Abizarch” or “ son of Abraham”, *A De pulsibus et urinis by “
Aeneas In Greco-Roman mythology, Aeneas (, ; from ) was a Trojan hero, the son of the Trojan prince Anchises and the Greek goddess Aphrodite (equivalent to the Roman Venus). His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy (both being grandsons o ...
”.


See also

* Latin translations of the 12th century


Notes


Further reading

* Baldassarre Boncompagni: ''Delle versioni fatte da Platone Tiburtino.'' Atti dell’ Accademia pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei, 4, 1851, S. 249–286 * F. J. Carmody: ''Arabic Astronomical and Astrological Sciences in Latin Translation: A Critical Bibliography.'' Berkeley, Los Angeles 1956 *
Charles Homer Haskins Charles Homer Haskins (December 21, 1870 – May 14, 1937) was a history professor at Harvard University. He was an American historian of the Middle Ages, and advisor to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. He is widely recognized as the first academic ...
: ''Studies in History of Medieval Science.'' Cambridge, Massachusetts 1924 *
Charles Homer Haskins Charles Homer Haskins (December 21, 1870 – May 14, 1937) was a history professor at Harvard University. He was an American historian of the Middle Ages, and advisor to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. He is widely recognized as the first academic ...
: ''The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century.'' Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1927 * George Sarton: ''Introduction to the History of Science.'' Band 2, Teil 1, Baltimore 1931, S. 177–179 *
Moritz Steinschneider Moritz Steinschneider (30 March 1816, Prostějov, Moravia, Austrian Empire – 24 January 1907, Berlin) was a Moravian bibliographer and Orientalist. He received his early instruction in Hebrew from his father, Jacob Steinschneider ( 1782; ...
''Die Europäischen Übersetzungen aus dem Arabischen bis Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts.'' Graz 1956 *
Moritz Steinschneider Moritz Steinschneider (30 March 1816, Prostějov, Moravia, Austrian Empire – 24 January 1907, Berlin) was a Moravian bibliographer and Orientalist. He received his early instruction in Hebrew from his father, Jacob Steinschneider ( 1782; ...
: ''Abraham Judaeus: Savasorda und Ibn Esra …'' In: ''Zeitschrift für Mathematik und Physik.'' Band 12, 1867, S. 1–44


External links

*
Translators
by Lorenzo Minio-Paluello {{Authority control People from Tivoli, Lazio 12th-century Italian mathematicians Hebrew–Latin translators Arabic–Latin translators Christian Hebraists 12th-century astronomers 12th-century translators Medieval Italian astronomers