Pietro Tamburini
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Pietro Tamburini (1 January 1737 – 14 March 1827) was an Italian theologian and jurist. He openly espoused
Jansenism Jansenism was an early modern theological movement within Catholicism, primarily active in the Kingdom of France, that emphasized original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination. It was declared a heresy by t ...
as a university professor.


Biography

Pietro was born in
Brescia Brescia (, locally ; lmo, link=no, label= Lombard, Brèsa ; lat, Brixia; vec, Bressa) is a city and ''comune'' in the region of Lombardy, Northern Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, a few kilometers from the lakes Garda and Iseo. ...
and was educated by local priest, including the Dominican friar Pavoni, and later at seminary, by the
Theatine The Theatines officially named the Congregation of Clerics Regular ( la, Ordo Clericorum Regularium), abreviated CR, is a Catholic order of clerics regular of Pontifical Right for men founded by Archbishop Gian Pietro Carafa in Sept. 14, 1524. I ...
father Scarella, who had Jansenist leanings. Tamburini was ordained a priest in 1760. Under the patronage of the Bishop of Brescia, later Cardinal, Giovanni Molin, he was appointed professor of metaphysics at the Brescian episcopal seminary. In 1771, he published a treatise on grace, ''De summa catholicae de gratia Christi doctrinae praestantia, utilitate, necessitate, dissertatio cum thesibus de variis humanae naturae statibus et de gratia Christi'', in which he attacked the Jesuits. Initially published in Brescia, it was reprinted in Rome in 1773 and Florence in 1776, later throughout Europe. Bishop Molin under pressure by the
Jesuits The Society of Jesus ( la, Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuits (; la, Iesuitæ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...
, by the local parish priests and by his own vicar general, dismissed Tamburini from his chair at the end of 1772. Thus in 1773, Tamburini moved to Rome and due to the help of Cardinal Mario Marefoschi, he obtained the post at the Collegio Irlandese, where the theologian Luigi Cuccagni also taught. There he befriended fellow Jansenists,
Giovanni Gaetano Bottari Giovanni Gaetano Bottari (15 January 1689, Florence – 5 June 1775, Rome) was Vatican librarian and counsellor to Pope Clement XII. Biography Before he became Vatican librarian, he was director of the grand-ducal press of Tuscany and profess ...
, Pier Francesco Foggini,
Scipione de' Ricci Scipione de' Ricci (19 January 1741 – 27 January 1810) was an Italian Catholic prelate, who was bishop of Pistoia from 1780 to 1791. He was sympathetic to Jansenist ideas in theology. Biography Scipione de' Ricci was born in Florence,''The ...
, Giovanni Cristoforo Amaduzzi, Paolo del Mare, Giuseppe Zola, and Francesco Alpruni. During the meetings of the circle, which took the name of "Circolo dell'Archetto", Tamburini circulated pages of a philosophical-theological treatise. However, with the untimely death of Pope
Clement XIV Pope Clement XIV ( la, Clemens XIV; it, Clemente XIV; 31 October 1705 – 22 September 1774), born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 May 1769 to his death in Sep ...
and the ascension to the papal throne of
Pius VI Pope Pius VI ( it, Pio VI; born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, 25 December 171729 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799. Pius VI condemned the French Revoluti ...
, the papal policy became hostile to Jansenism. Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, who had been lobbied by
Giuseppe Zola Giuseppe Zola (5 March 1672 – 27 March 1743) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, mainly active in Ferrara. He mainly painted landscapes with small figures. Born in Brescia, where he studied with Giuseppe Tortelli. His sister was als ...
, long-time friend, recruited Tamburini to occupy the chair of moral theology at the
University of Pavia The University of Pavia ( it, Università degli Studi di Pavia, UNIPV or ''Università di Pavia''; la, Alma Ticinensis Universitas) is a university located in Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. There was evidence of teaching as early as 1361, making it one ...
, where Zola taught Church History. Tamburini was also appointed Prefect of Studies at the Austro-Hungarian College, today Collegio Cairoli, and published numerous texts, both of theology and defense of the liberal Habsburg rule in Lombardy. In 1786 Scipione Ricci invited him to the Diocesan
Synod of Pistoia The Synod of Pistoia was a 1786 diocesan synod in the Catholic diocese of Pistoia, then part of the territory of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. It was summoned by its bishop Scipione de' Ricci under the patronage and active support of the Habsburg-L ...
; many theses adopted by this synod aimed at a Jansenist reform of the Church, and were subsequently condemned in 1794 by Pius VI in the recurring bull Auctorem fidei. With the death of Emperor Joseph II in 1790, the turbulence of the French Revolution, led the new reactionary Austrian government to expel Tamburini from the University of Pavia in 1794. With the arrival of rule by Napoleon, he was rewarded "Knight of the Order of the Iron Crown", and in 1797 he was called there to teach a chair of moral philosophy and natural law. The following years were turbulent with changing administrations. This chair was suppressed in 1798, but restored in 1801, and kept by Tamburini till 1818, when he was appointed dean of the faculty of law. Among his works: *''Idea della Santa Sede'' (Pavia, 1784), in which he opposed papal infallibility, while maintaining its supremacy *''Introduzione allo studio della filosofia'' (Milan, 1797) *''Lezioni di filosofia morale, e di naturale e sociale diritto'' (4 vols., Pavia, 1806–12) *''Elementa Juris Naturae'' (Milan, 1815) *''Cenni sulla perfettibilita dell' umana famiglia'' (Milan, 1823). *''La Storia generale dell'Inquisizione''


References


Memorie e documenti per la storia dell'Università di Pavia
Pavia (1878); pages 330-336.


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Tamburini Pietro 1737 births 1827 deaths 18th-century Italian writers 18th-century Italian male writers 19th-century Italian writers Italian theologians Italian jurists People from Brescia 19th-century Italian male writers