Pierre-Henri Hugoniot (born in
Allenjoie
Allenjoie () is a Communes of France, commune in the Doubs Departments of France, department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regions of France, region in eastern France.
Population
See also
* Communes of the Doubs department
References
Exte ...
,
Doubs
Doubs (, ; ; frp, Dubs) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in Eastern France. Named after the river Doubs, it had a population of 543,974 in 2019.[France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...]
on June 5, 1851 – died in Nantes, France in February 1887) who mostly lived in
Montbéliard
Montbéliard (; traditional ) is a town in the Doubs Departments of France, department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regions of France, region in eastern France, about from the border with Switzerland. It is one of the two Subprefectures in F ...
, (
Franche-Comté
Franche-Comté (, ; ; Frainc-Comtou: ''Fraintche-Comtè''; frp, Franche-Comtât; also german: Freigrafschaft; es, Franco Condado; all ) is a cultural and historical region of eastern France. It is composed of the modern departments of Doubs, ...
). He was an
inventor
An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition, idea or process. An invention may be an improvement upon a machine, product, or process for increasing efficiency or lowering cost. It may also be an entirely new concept. If an ...
,
mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems.
Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change.
History
On ...
, and
physicist
A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.
Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate caus ...
who worked on
fluid mechanics
Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids ( liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them.
It has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, aerospace, civil, chemical and bio ...
, especially on issues related to material shock.
After going into the marine artillery upon his graduation from the
École Polytechnique
École may refer to:
* an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée)
* École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France
* École, Savoi ...
in 1872,
[Roger Chéret, "The life and work of Pierre Henri Hugoniot" in ''Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 1989: Proceedings of the American Physical Society Topical Conference held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, August 14–17, 1989'', S.C. Schmidt, J.N. Johnson, and L.W. Davison, ed.s (Amsterdam, Netherlands: North-Holland, 1990), pages 12-19. Reprinted in:
* R. Chéret (1992) "The life and work of Pierre-Henri Hugoniot," ''Shock Waves'', vol. 2, no. 1, pages 1-4.
* Roger Chéret]
"The life and work of Pierre Henri Hugoniot"
in ''Classic Papers in Shock Compression Science'', J.N. Johnson and R. Chéret, ed.s (New York, New York: Springer,1998), pages 149-160. Hugoniot became professor of mechanics and ballistics at the School of Artillery Lorient (1879-1882) and Deputy Director of the Central Laboratory of the artillery Navy (1882-1884). He was promoted to captain in January 1884, and in April was appointed assistant professor of mechanical engineering at the École polytechnique. He conducted, along with his colleague Hippolyte Sébert (1839-1930), research on the trigger gas accompanying the detonation of a cannon.
He invented the theory based on conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, which allowed for improvements in fluid flow studies (with applications to aerospace). The
Rankine–Hugoniot equation (or adiabatic dynamics of gas) has been named in his honor.
References
Works
* Hugoniot (1887) "Mémoire sur la propagation du mouvement dans un fluide indéfini," ''Journal de Mathématiques pures et appliquées'' (4th series), vol. 3
pages 477-492and vol. 4
pages 153-168
*
*
1851 births
1887 deaths
People from Doubs
Ballistics experts
French engineers
Fluid dynamicists
École Polytechnique alumni
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