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Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes (December 6, 1750 – February 16, 1819) was a French painter who was influential in elevating the status of ''En plein air'' (open-air painting).
Image:A Wooded Landscape with a Bacchic Scene by Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes.jpg, ''A Wooded Landscape with a Bacchic Scene'' circa 1810
Image:Blick auf die Umgebung von Rom.jpg, ''View of the Environs of Rome''
Image:Valenciennes, Pierre-Henri de - A Capriccio of Rome with the Finish of a Marathon - 1788.jpg, ''A Capriccio of Rome with the Finish of a Marathon'' 1788
File:Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes - Villa Farnèse.jpg, ''At the villa Farnèse : two poplars''
Image:Landscape with Ruins LACMA M.2000.179.29.jpg, ''Landscape with Ruins'' circa 1782-1785
Image:Lille PdBA casanova paysage a la riviere.JPG, ''Historical Landscape'' circa 1800
Image:PHValenciennes.jpg, ''View of the Palace of Nemi.'' circa 1780
Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes (December 6, 1750 – February 16, 1819) was a French painter who was influential in elevating the status of ''En plein air'' (open-air painting).
Life & work
Valenciennes worked inRome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
from 1778 to 1782, where he made a number of landscape studies directly from nature, sometimes painting the same set of trees or house at different times of day. He theorized on this idea in his 1800 treatise ''Reflections and Advice to a Student on Painting, Particularly on Landscape'', developing a concept of a "landscape portrait
A portrait is a portrait painting, painting, portrait photography, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face and its expressions are predominant. The intent is to display the likeness, Personality type ...
" in which the artist paints a landscape directly while looking upon it, taking care to capture its particular details.
Painting outside allowed Valenciennes to capture the fleeting changes of a landscape due to light and weather. He was a proponent of artists working outside and painting the same view at multiple times of day. Although he spoke of this as a type of painting mainly of interest to "amateurs", as distinguished from the higher art of the academies, he found it of great interest, and of his own works the surviving landscape portraits have been the most noted by later commentators.
He in particular urged artists to capture the distinctive details of a scene's architecture, dress, agriculture, and so on, in order to give the landscape a sense of belonging to a specific place; in this he probably influenced other French artists active in Italy who took an anthropological
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of behavi ...
approach to painting rural areas and customs, such as Hubert Robert
Hubert Robert (22 May 1733 – 15 April 1808) was a French painter in the school of Romanticism, noted especially for his landscape paintings and capricci, or semi-fictitious picturesque depictions of ruins in Italy and of France.Jean de Cayeux. ...
, Pierre-Athanase Chauvin
Pierre Athanase Chauvin was a French painter active in Italy.
Chauvin was a student of the landscape painter Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes. He began his career at the Paris Salon in 1793 and won the First Class Medal in 1819 with his painting ' ...
and Achille-Etna Michallon
Achille Etna Michallon (1796–1822) was a French painter.
Michallon was the son of the sculptor Claude Michallon and nephew of the sculptor Guillaume Francin. He studied under Jacques-Louis David and Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes. In 1817, ...
.
Among his students were Jean-Victor Bertin
Jean-Victor Bertin (20 March 1767
The birth year of 1775 often ascribed him is thus false. ...
, The birth year of 1775 often ascribed him is thus false. ...
Achille Etna Michallon
Achille Etna Michallon (1796–1822) was a French painter.
Michallon was the son of the sculptor Claude Michallon and nephew of the sculptor Guillaume Francin. He studied under Jacques-Louis David and Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes. In 1817, Mi ...
, Louis Étienne Watelet
Louis Étienne Watelet (25 August 1780, Paris - 21 June 1866, Paris) was a French landscape painter and art teacher.
Biographie
His father was a "Marchand-mercier" (entrepreneur). He is generally credited with being an autodidact. The paint ...
, Louis-François Lejeune
Louis-François, Baron Lejeune (3 February 1775 in Strasbourg – 29 February 1848) was a French general, painter, and lithographer. His memoirs have frequently been republished and his name is engraved on the Arc de Triomphe.
Life
He studi ...
and the first French panorama painter Pierre Prévost.
Born in the city of Toulouse
Toulouse ( , ; oc, Tolosa ) is the prefecture of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the larger region of Occitania. The city is on the banks of the River Garonne, from the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic Ocean and from Par ...
, he died in Paris and is buried there in the Père Lachaise Cemetery
Père Lachaise Cemetery (french: Cimetière du Père-Lachaise ; formerly , "East Cemetery") is the largest cemetery in Paris, France (). With more than 3.5 million visitors annually, it is the most visited necropolis in the world. Notable figures ...
.
Gallery
References
External links
18th-century French painters French male painters 19th-century French painters 1750 births 1819 deaths Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery 19th-century French male artists 18th-century French male artists {{France-painter-18thC-stub