Picuris Pueblo, NM
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Picuris Pueblo (;
Tiwa Tiwa and Tigua may refer to: * Tiwa Puebloans, an ethnic group of New Mexico, US * Tiwa (Lalung), an ethnic group of north-eastern India * Tiwa language (India), a Sino-Tibetan language of India * Tiwa languages, a group of Tanoan languages of the ...
: P'įwweltha ’ī̃wːēltʰà is a historic
pueblo In the Southwestern United States, Pueblo (capitalized) refers to the Native tribes of Puebloans having fixed-location communities with permanent buildings which also are called pueblos (lowercased). The Spanish explorers of northern New Spain ...
in
Taos County Taos County is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,937. Its county seat is Taos. The county was formed in 1852 as one of the original nine counties in New Mexico Territory. Taos County compris ...
,
New Mexico ) , population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano) , seat = Santa Fe , LargestCity = Albuquerque , LargestMetro = Tiguex , OfficialLang = None , Languages = English, Spanish ( New Mexican), Navajo, Ker ...
, United States. It is also a
census-designated place A census-designated place (CDP) is a concentration of population defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counterparts of incorporated places, such ...
(CDP) and a
federally recognized tribe This is a list of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States of America. There are also federally recognized Alaska Native tribes. , 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United ...
of Native American
Pueblo people The Puebloans or Pueblo peoples, are Native Americans in the Southwestern United States who share common agricultural, material, and religious practices. Currently 100 pueblos are actively inhabited, among which Taos, San Ildefonso, Acoma, Zun ...
. The 2010 census estimated that 68 people lived in the CDP, while 267 people in the U.S. reported being of the tribal group Picuris alone and 439 reported being of the tribal group Picuris alone or in combination with other groups. Picurís Pueblo is a member of the
Eight Northern Pueblos The Eight Northern Pueblos of New Mexico are Taos, Picuris, Santa Clara, Ohkay Owingeh (formerly San Juan), San Ildefonso, Nambé, Pojoaque, and Tesuque. Taos and Picuris are Tiwa-speaking pueblos; the rest speak Tewa. Tiwa and Tewa are closel ...
. Their own name for their pueblo is ''P'įwweltha'', meaning "mountain warrior place" or "mountain pass place." They speak the
Picuris Picuris Pueblo (; Tiwa: P'įwweltha ’ī̃wːēltʰà is a historic pueblo in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. It is also a census-designated place (CDP) and a federally recognized tribe of Native American Pueblo people. The 2010 census ...
dialect of the
Northern Tiwa language The Taos language of the Northern Tiwa branch of the Tanoan language family is spoken in Taos Pueblo, New Mexico. Sociolinguistics In data collected in 1935 and 1937, George L. Trager (1946) notes that Taos was spoken by all members of the Tao ...
, part of the Kiowa-Tanoan language family.


Geography

Picuris Pueblo is located in northern New Mexico, on the western slopes of the
Sangre de Cristo Mountains ) , country= United States , subdivision1_type= States , subdivision1= , parent= Rocky Mountains , geology= , orogeny= , area_mi2= 17193 , range_coordinates= , length_mi= 242 , length_orientation= north-south , width_mi= 120 , w ...
and 18 miles south of
Taos Pueblo Taos Pueblo (or Pueblo de Taos) is an ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos-speaking (Tiwa) Native American tribe of Puebloan people. It lies about north of the modern city of Taos, New Mexico. The pueblos are considered to be one of the oldest c ...
. Average elevation in the pueblo is over 7,000 feet.Pritzker, Barry M. ''A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 58. . According to the
United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureau is part of the ...
, the CDP has a total area of , all land.


Demographics

As of the
census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses incl ...
of 2000, there were 86 people, 38 households, and 18 families residing in the CDP. The
population density Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.Matt RosenberPopul ...
was 192.7 people per square mile (73.8/km). There were 60 housing units at an average density of 134.4 per square mile (51.5/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 10.47%
White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully reflect and scatter all the visible wavelengths of light. White on ...
, 70.93% Native American, 16.28% from
other races Other often refers to: * Other (philosophy), a concept in psychology and philosophy Other or The Other may also refer to: Film and television * ''The Other'' (1913 film), a German silent film directed by Max Mack * ''The Other'' (1930 film), a ...
, and 2.33% from two or more races.
Hispanic The term ''Hispanic'' ( es, hispano) refers to people, Spanish culture, cultures, or countries related to Spain, the Spanish language, or Hispanidad. The term commonly applies to countries with a cultural and historical link to Spain and to Vic ...
or
Latino Latino or Latinos most often refers to: * Latino (demonym), a term used in the United States for people with cultural ties to Latin America * Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States * The people or cultures of Latin America; ** Latin A ...
of any race were 26.74% of the population. There were 38 households, out of which 10.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 21.1% were
married couples Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognized union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children, and between t ...
living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.6% were non-families. 42.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.33. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 16.3% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.7 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $11,528, and the median income for a family was $16,875. Males had a median income of $21,000 versus $23,333 for females. The
per capita income Per capita income (PCI) or total income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its total population. Per capita i ...
for the CDP was $12,492. There were 36.0% of families and 28.7% of the population living below the
poverty line The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for t ...
, including no under eighteens and 45.0% of those over 64. In 1990, 147 of the 1,882 enrolled tribal members lived in the pueblo; however, the number reduced to 86 in 2000.U.S. Census Bureau
"Picuris Pueblo CDP New Mexico"
. 2000. American FactFinder. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
At the 2010 Census, the population was recorded as 68. By 2014, it was one of the smallest Tiwa pueblos.


History

The Picuris people previously lived in an earlier, larger village of about 3,000 people now known as Pot Creek, near
Taos Taos or TAOS may refer to: Places * Taos, Missouri, a city in Cole County, Missouri, United States * Taos County, New Mexico, United States ** Taos, New Mexico, a city, the county seat of Taos County, New Mexico *** Taos art colony, an art colo ...
. They migrated to the present location along the
Rio Pueblo de Taos The Rio Pueblo de Taos, also known as Rio Pueblo, is a stream in Taos County, New Mexico, United States, that a tributary of the Rio Grande. From its source in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains it flows about ,Calculated in Google Earth generally s ...
about 1250 CE. In the 15th century it was one of the largest
Tiwa Tiwa and Tigua may refer to: * Tiwa Puebloans, an ethnic group of New Mexico, US * Tiwa (Lalung), an ethnic group of north-eastern India * Tiwa language (India), a Sino-Tibetan language of India * Tiwa languages, a group of Tanoan languages of the ...
pueblos, influenced by
Apache The Apache () are a group of culturally related Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, which include the Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Mimbreño, Ndendahe (Bedonkohe or Mogollon and Nednhi or Carrizaleño an ...
and other
Plains Indian Plains Indians or Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies are the Native American tribes and First Nation band governments who have historically lived on the Interior Plains (the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies) of N ...
cultures, as was the
Taos Pueblo Taos Pueblo (or Pueblo de Taos) is an ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos-speaking (Tiwa) Native American tribe of Puebloan people. It lies about north of the modern city of Taos, New Mexico. The pueblos are considered to be one of the oldest c ...
.Picuris Pueblo.
Indian Pueblo - 19 Pueblos. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
In the late 17th century people from the pueblos of New Mexico revolted against the Spanish colonialists, particularly during a revolt between 1680 and 1696 when they fought for autonomy and their land. Following this period the people of the pueblo were dispersed and had abandoned their pueblo until 1706. At that time they joined with the Spanish to fight against attacks by Comanche and Apache tribes. Then, the Picuris pueblo people settled into a peaceful period. Spanish explorer Don
Juan de Oñate Juan de Oñate y Salazar (; 1550–1626) was a Spanish conquistador from New Spain, explorer, and colonial governor of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México in the viceroyalty of New Spain. He led early Spanish expeditions to the Great Pla ...
named the pueblo "Pikuria" - which means "those who paint."Picuris Pueblo.
New Mexico.org Retrieved July 23, 2014.

LaPlaza.org Retrieved July 23, 2014.
The pueblo was influenced by the Spanish, particularly adoption of Christian religious practices and letting go of traditional rituals and ceremonies. The San Lorenzo de Picurís church was built of adobe by 1776 and was restored in the 21st century. Having been influenced by the Spanish and then the Americans for centuries, the Picuris adopted telephone and electrical services, paved roads and television. They resumed their traditional customs, which are performed throughout the year, and became self-governing again in the mid 1920s. , the pueblo maintained a growing herd of buffalo.


Government

The Pueblo's headquarters is in
Peñasco, New Mexico Peñasco is a census-designated place (CDP) in Taos County Taos County is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,937. Its county seat is Taos. The county was formed in 1852 as one of the origina ...
. Their tribal officers, led by a tribal governor, are elected every two years.Pritzker, Barry M. ''A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 61. . In 1991, the tribe opened the four-star Hotel Santa Fe and the Amaya Restaurant, serving
Native American cuisine Indigenous cuisine of the Americas includes all cuisines and food practices of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Contemporary Native peoples retain a varied culture of traditional foods, along with the addition of some post-contact foods ...
, in
Santa Fe, New Mexico Santa Fe ( ; , Spanish for 'Holy Faith'; tew, Oghá P'o'oge, Tewa for 'white shell water place'; tiw, Hulp'ó'ona, label=Tiwa language, Northern Tiwa; nv, Yootó, Navajo for 'bead + water place') is the capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico. ...
.


Education

The community is in the
Peñasco Independent School District Peñasco Independent School District is a school district headquartered in Peñasco, New Mexico. It has two schools: an elementary school and a secondary (middle and high) school. The elementary school is located just off Federal Highway 82, in th ...
.


Tourism

Located within the Pueblo are the San Lorenzo de Picurís church and the Picuris Pueblo Museum, which displays and sells the works of local weavers, potters and beadworkers. Picuris is particularly known for its
micaceous Micas ( ) are a group of silicate minerals whose outstanding physical characteristic is that individual mica crystals can easily be split into extremely thin elastic plates. This characteristic is described as perfect basal cleavage. Mica is ...
pottery Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and por ...
. Excavated dwellings are located within the pueblo. Self-guided tours and permits for photography within the pueblo are available to visitors. Visitors may fish for trout at Pu-La Lake by contacting the Picurís Pueblo Fish & Game and Parks & Wildlife.Picurís Pueblo Fish & Game and Parks & Wildlife
. Taos.gopickle.com Retrieved July 23, 2014.
There are also picnic and campground facilities.


Events

Their major feast day is
San Lorenzo San Lorenzo is the Italian and Spanish name for Lawrence of Rome, Saint Lawrence, the 3rd-century Christian martyr, and may refer to: Places Argentina * San Lorenzo, Santa Fe * San Lorenzo Department, Chaco * Monte San Lorenzo, a mountain on t ...
's Day on August 10, during which people of all ages engage in races and the Sunset Dance held on August 9.Picuris dances.
Laplaza.org/Penasco Retrieved July 23, 2014.
There are Corn Dances and Buffalo Dances in June and August, which may be private ceremonies. There are also dances held New Year's Day and in late January and early February that are open to the public. An Arts & Crafts fair of weaving, sculpture, beadwork, and jewelry is held the first weekend in July.


Notable people

*
Anthony Durand Anthony Durand (1956–2009) was a Puebloan potter from Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico, United States. He was born in Cortez, Colorado and raised by his grandparents at Picuris Pueblo. He attended primary and secondary school in Peñasco, New Mexico a ...
(1956–2009), micaceous potter *
Cora Durand Cora L. Durand (August 23, 1902 - January 23, 1998) was a Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico, Picuris Pueblo potter. Durand started working as a Pottery, potter later in life, beginning in the 1950s. She helped maintain the traditional hand-built method ...
(1902 - 1998), micaceous potter * Maria Ramita Martinez (1884–1969) micaceous potter *
Joseph Rael Joseph Rael (Tiwa languages, Tiwa: ''Tslew-teh-koyeh'': "Beautiful Painted Arrow") (b. 1935) is a Native Americans in the United States, Native American ceremonial dancer, shaman, writer, and artist. He is also known as the founder of a global ne ...
(b. 1935),
New Age New Age is a range of spiritual or religious practices and beliefs which rapidly grew in Western society during the early 1970s. Its highly eclectic and unsystematic structure makes a precise definition difficult. Although many scholars conside ...
writer * Rosalie Simbola Aguilar (c. 1898–1947), potter


Gallery

File:Gerald nailor jr.jpg, Gerald Nailor, Jr., Governor of Picuris File:David gaussoin picuris.jpg, David Gaussoin, Picuris jeweler File:Hippies vs Picuris 218.jpg, Picuris ballplayer File:Wayne_gaussoin_performance.jpg, Performance art by Wayne Gaussoin (Picuris Pueblo), Museum of Contemporary Native Art, Santa Fe, NM, 2009


See also

*
National Register of Historic Places listings in Taos County, New Mexico This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Taos County, New Mexico. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Taos County, New Mexico, United ...
*
High Road to Taos, New Mexico The High Road to Taos is a scenic, winding road through the Sangre de Cristo Mountains between Santa Fe and Taos. (The "Low Road" runs through the valleys along the Rio Grande). It winds through high desert, mountains, forests, small farms, and ...


References


Further reading

*


External links


Picuris article at ''New Mexico Magazine''

Pot Creek archaeological site


photo gallery
Picuris Pueblo through time: eight centuries of change in a northern Rio Grande pueblo
{{authority control American Indian reservations in New Mexico Census-designated places in New Mexico Federally recognized tribes in the United States Native American tribes in New Mexico Pueblo great houses Census-designated places in Taos County, New Mexico Tiwa Northern Rio Grande National Heritage Area Pueblos on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico National Register of Historic Places in Taos County, New Mexico Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico