''Phrynobatrachus graueri'' is a species of

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely Carnivore, carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order (biology), order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-f ...

in the family

Phrynobatrachidae ''Phrynobatrachus'' is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae. Their common name is puddle frogs, dwarf puddle frogs, African puddle frogs, or African river frogs. The common name, puddle frog, refers to ...

. It is found in eastern

Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...

Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ...

Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...

, and western

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

. The specific name ''graueri'' honours

Rudolf Grauer Rudolf Grauer (20 August 1870, Hellbrunn, Salzburg – 17 December 1927, Vienna) was an Austrian explorer and zoologist. He conducted zoological investigations in British East Africa (present-day Uganda) in 1905, German East Africa in 1907, a ...

, Austrian explorer and zoologist who collected the

holotype A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several ...

. Common names Rugege river frog and Grauer's puddle frog have been coined for it.

Description

Adult males can grow to and adult females in snout–vent length. The snout is short. The tympanum is distinct and about one-half of the eye width. The fingers and toes have distinct discs. The toes are slightly webbed. The dorsum is dark olive. A darker band runs from the nostril to the forearm. There might be a narrow or wide vertebral stripe. A pair of light lines are flanking the vent. Males have black throat. The base of the hind limb is often yellow.

Habitat and conservation

''Phrynobatrachus graueri'' occurs in

montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial f ...

interior and edges at elevations greater than , often in association with swampy forest. The eggs are deposited in water, generally in swampy situations. Where present, it is a common species. It is probably affected by

habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ...

caused by agriculture, livestock, wood extraction, and human settlements. It is present in the Kibale and

Bwindi National Park The Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP) is in southwestern Uganda. The park is part of the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest and is situated along the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) border next to the Virunga National Park and on the edge o ...

s in Uganda and Kakamega National Reserve in Kenya.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2243729 graueri Frogs of Africa Amphibians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Amphibians of Kenya Amphibians of Rwanda Amphibians of Uganda Amphibians described in 1911 Taxa named by Fritz Nieden Taxonomy articles created by Polbot