The Phonodeik is a
sound
In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.
In human physiology and psychology, sound is the ''reception'' of such waves and their ''perception'' by the ...
recording apparatus
invented by
Dayton Miller
Dayton Clarence Miller (March 13, 1866 – February 22, 1941) was an American physicist, astronomer, acoustician, and accomplished amateur flautist. An early experimenter of X-rays, Miller was an advocate of aether theory and absolute space ...
in 1908. The Phonodeik converts sound waves into visual images. The name was suggested by
Edward W. Morley. Before electronic oscilloscopes, this device was used for analyzing sounds
wave
In physics, mathematics, and related fields, a wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities. Waves can be periodic, in which case those quantities oscillate repeatedly about an equilibrium (re ...
s. The Phonodeik can be modified to project sound waves on a screen for public demonstration.
Description
The Phonodeik used
photograph
A photograph (also known as a photo, image, or picture) is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor, such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Most photographs are now created ...
ic material to record sound. A
diaphragm receiver of thin glass is at the end of a resonator horn. Behind the diaphragm is a
steel
Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistant t ...
pulley
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt. In the case of a pulley supported by a frame or shell that ...
spindle
Spindle may refer to:
Textiles and manufacturing
* Spindle (textiles), a straight spike to spin fibers into yarn
* Spindle (tool), a rotating axis of a machine tool
Biology
* Common spindle and other species of shrubs and trees in genus ''Euonym ...
mounted in jeweled bearings with an attached
mirror
A mirror or looking glass is an object that reflects an image. Light that bounces off a mirror will show an image of whatever is in front of it, when focused through the lens of the eye or a camera. Mirrors reverse the direction of the ima ...
and oscillating tension spring. Wrapped on the pulley spindle are thin
silk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the co ...
fiber
Fiber or fibre (from la, fibra, links=no) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate ...
s or
platinum
Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Its name originates from Spanish , a diminutive of "silver".
Platin ...
wire
Overhead power cabling. The conductor consists of seven strands of steel (centre, high tensile strength), surrounded by four outer layers of aluminium (high conductivity). Sample diameter 40 mm
A wire is a flexible strand of metal.
Wire is co ...
turning around the mirror with amplitude. The sound vibrates the diaphragm on the bottom and a light beam is reflected to the sensitive photographic paper (or a projection screen).
See also
*
Oscilloscope
An oscilloscope (informally a scope) is a type of electronic test instrument that graphically displays varying electrical voltages as a two-dimensional plot of one or more signals as a function of time. The main purposes are to display repetitiv ...
*
Sonograph
*
Phonautograph
The phonautograph is the earliest known device for recording sound. Previously, tracings had been obtained of the sound-producing vibratory motions of tuning forks and other objects by physical contact with them, but not of actual sound waves ...
*
Kymograph
A kymograph (from Greek κῦμα, swell or wave + γραφή, writing; also called a kymographion) is an analog device that draws a graphical representation of spatial position over time in which a spatial axis represents time. It basically consi ...
External links and references
* "''Lecture III -- Methods of recording and photographing sound waves -
Phonodeik'". The science of musical sounds.
* Hoekje, Peter L. and William Fickinger, "
Acoustic teaching apparatus before 1929 at the Case School of Applied Science'".
* Gilliam, L., and W. Lichtenwanger, "
'". Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 1961.
ia American Memory* Greenslade, Jr., Thomas B., "
The Sonograph '"
Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio.
* "
fonodèik'". Enciclopedia Generale. (Italian)
* Miller, Dayton,
Sound Waves: Their Shape and Speed'. 1937.
* Miller, Dayton.
The Science of Musical Sounds'. 1916.
The Dead Media Archive's entry on the Phonodeik* Lindon W Bates. {{US Patent, 1294861, Method of and apparatus for recording sounds.
Laboratory equipment
Sound recording technology