Philipp Rupprecht
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Philipp Rupprecht (4 September 1900 – 4 April 1975) was a German cartoonist best known for his
anti-Semitic Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antis ...
caricature A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or other artistic drawings (compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be either insulting or complimentary, ...
s in the Nazi publication ''
Der Stürmer ''Der Stürmer'' (, literally "The Stormer / Attacker / Striker") was a weekly German tabloid-format newspaper published from 1923 to the end of the Second World War by Julius Streicher, the '' Gauleiter'' of Franconia, with brief suspensions ...
'', under the
pen-name A pen name, also called a ''nom de plume'' or a literary double, is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of their works in place of their real name. A pen na ...
Fips.


Career

Born in
Nuremberg Nuremberg ( ; german: link=no, Nürnberg ; in the local East Franconian dialect: ''Nämberch'' ) is the second-largest city of the German state of Bavaria after its capital Munich, and its 518,370 (2019) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest ...
, Rupprecht immigrated to
Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest ...
in 1920 after
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
, where he worked as a waiter and a cowboy on a cattle ranch. He returned to Nuremberg around 1924, and was hired by the ''Fränkische Tagespost'', a newspaper linked to the German
Social Democrats Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote so ...
. When he was dispatched to cover the second Luppe-Streicher trial with instructions to draw a caricature of
Julius Streicher Julius Streicher (12 February 1885 – 16 October 1946) was a member of the Nazi Party, the '' Gauleiter'' (regional leader) of Franconia and a member of the '' Reichstag'', the national legislature. He was the founder and publisher of the vir ...
, he instead drew caricatures of Nuremberg's mayor, , who was also involved in the trial. The cartoons were published by ''
Der Stürmer ''Der Stürmer'' (, literally "The Stormer / Attacker / Striker") was a weekly German tabloid-format newspaper published from 1923 to the end of the Second World War by Julius Streicher, the '' Gauleiter'' of Franconia, with brief suspensions ...
'' in December 1925, and Rupprecht was hired by the paper. With the exception of 1927, he was ''Der Stürmer''s sole regular cartoonist under the pen-name of "Fips" until February 2, 1945, when the last edition of ''Der Stürmer'' appeared, drawing thousands of anti-Semitic caricatures. His style changed during the course of his career, but his caricatures always depicted Jews as short, fat, ugly, unshaven, drooling, sexually perverted, bent-nosed, and with pig-like eyes. One depicted a despondent mother smoking while neglecting her child in a lonely rooming house, with a picture of her Jewish seducer on the floor, with the caption: "Everything in her has died. She was ruined by a Jew." The caption "Two kinds of children; two kinds of human beings" juxtaposed dark-haired, overfed, and greedy Jewish women and children by fair-haired children playing with less extravagant toys.
Claudia Koonz Claudia Ann Koonz is an American historian of Nazi Germany. Koonz's critique of the role of women during the Nazi era, from a feminist perspective, has become a subject of much debate and research in itself. She is a recipient of the PEN New Engl ...
, ''The Nazi Conscience'', p. 237
Among his other works were illustrations for two anti-Semitic children's books published by Stürmer Verlag: ''Trau keinem Fuchs auf grüner Heid und keinem Jud auf seinem Eid'' ("Don't Trust a Fox in a Green Pasture Or a Jew Upon His Oath", 1936), and '' Der Giftpilz'' ("The Poisonous Mushroom", 1938). At the beginning of
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
, Rupprecht served in the
Kriegsmarine The (, ) was the navy of Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire (1871–1918) and the inter-war (1919–1935) of the Weimar Republic. The was one of three official branches, along with the a ...
, but was released from service because of his value to wartime Nazi propaganda.


Post-war career

Rupprecht’s career came to an end with the defeat of the Nazis in
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
. He was put on trial in 1945 and sentenced to ten years hard labour. On 23 October 1950, he was released from the prison in
Eichstätt Eichstätt () is a town in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the district of Eichstätt. It is located on the Altmühl river and has a population of around 13,000. Eichstätt is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese ...
. Until his death, he lived and worked in
Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...
and
Starnberg Starnberg is a German town in Bavaria, Germany, some southwest of Munich. It is at the north end of Lake Starnberg, in the heart of the " Five Lakes Country", and serves as capital of the district of Starnberg. Recording a disposable per-cap ...
as a painter and decorator. He died on 4 April 1975 in
Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...
, aged 74. Rupprecht married twice: from 1921 on to Erna Blom (one son and two daughters), and from 1930 to Berta Stöcklein (one son).


References

;General * Ralph Keysers, L'intoxication nazie de la Jeunesse allemande, L'Harmattan, Paris 2011, . * Ralph Keysers, Der Stürmer, Instrument de l'Idéologie nazie,L'harmattan, Paris, 2012, . * Carl-Eric Linsler, ''Stürmer-Karikaturen'', in: Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Judenfeindschaft in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Bd. 7: Literatur, Film, Theater und Kunst, hrsg. von Wolfgang Benz, Berlin 2015, p. 477-480.


External links


Caricatures from Der Stürmer






{{DEFAULTSORT:Rupprecht, Philipp 1900 births 1975 deaths Antisemitism in Germany German cartoonists German caricaturists Cartoon controversies Nazi propaganda Nazi propagandists German illustrators German children's book illustrators Artists from Nuremberg