Philip De Montmorency, Count Of Hoorn

Philip de Montmorency (ca. 1524 – 5 June 1568 in Brussels), also known as Count of Horn, ''Horne'', ''Hoorne'' or ''Hoorn'', was a victim of the Inquisition in the Spanish Netherlands.

Biography

De Montmorency was born as the eldest of four children of Josef van Montmorency, Count of Nevele and Anna van Egmont the Elder, who had married shortly after August 26, 1523, and lived at Ooidonk Castle.Albertus van Hulzen, ''De Grote Geus: en het falende Driemanschap'', (Typographie Rombus, 1995), 7 note1. His father died early in 1530 in Bologna, Italy, where he was attending the coronation of Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor. His mother remarried Johan II, Count of Horn, one of the wealthiest nobles of the Netherlands, who, in 1540, left the County of Horne to his wife's children on condition they assume his name. A page and later chamberlain at the court of Charles V, de Montmorency married Walburgis van Nieuwenaer in 1546. He became stadtholder of Guelders in 1555, an Admiral of Flanders, and a knight of the Golden Fleece in 1556.

In 1559 he commanded the stately fleet which conveyed Philip II from the Netherlands to Spain, and he remained at the Spanish court until 1563. On his return he placed himself with the Prince of Orange and Count of Egmont at the head of the party which opposed the imposition of the inquisition by Cardinal Granvelle and ultimately forced his resignation.''Lamoral Graaf von Egmont'', Spencer C. Tucker, 500 Great Military Leaders, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2015), 219. When Granvelle retired, the three nobles continued to resist the introduction of the Spanish Inquisition and of Spanish rule in the Netherlands. In April 1566, the Council of State sent Philip's younger brother, Floris of Montmorency, to Spain in a last attempt to avoid war. However, Floris was arrested, kept in house arrest,Anton van der Lem
Floris van Montmorency, baron van Montigny
at the Dutch Revolt website then secretly executed.Philip II Geoffey Parker

Although Philip II of Spain appeared to give way, he had made up his mind to punish the opponents of his policy. He replaced the regent, Margaret, duchess of Parma, with the duke of Alba, who entered the Netherlands at the head of a veteran army.

Orange fled from the country, but Egmont and Horn, despite his warning, decided to remain and face the storm. They were both seized, tried at the Council of Troubles and condemned as traitors. Ceaseless but vain efforts were made to obtain a fair trial for Horn, and appeals for clemency on his behalf were made by potentates in all parts of the continent. Egmont and Horn were beheaded on 5 June 1568 before the Town Hall on the Grand-Place/Grote Markt (Brussels' main square). Two years later, Philip II had Horn's still-detained brother Floris strangled in secret and spread the rumor that he had died of disease.

Legacy

Nowadays, a statue erected on the Square du Petit Sablon/Kleine Zavelsquare in Brussels commemorates the Counts of Egmont and Horn, in historical overview usually mentioned together as ''Egmond en Hoorne'' and hailed as the first leaders of the Dutch revolt, as the predecessors of William of Orange, who grew to importance and obtained the leadership after their execution, and who was assassinated in 1584 in Delft, having succeeded in liberating parts of The Netherlands in the early years of the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648).

Van Egmont ("Egmond") and De Montmorency ("Horn" or "Hoorn"), both remained faithful Roman Catholics and are commemorated in Belgium, with its traditional Catholic majority. William of Orange, brought up as a Lutheran, was a proponent of freedom of religion.

Notes

References

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Horn, Philip de Montmorency Count of
16th-century Dutch people
1524 births
1568 deaths
Admirals of the navy of the Dutch Republic
Philip
Dutch Roman Catholics
Executed Dutch people
Philip
Knights of the Golden Fleece
People executed by Spain by decapitation
People executed for treason against Spain
Nobility of the Spanish Netherlands
Year of birth uncertain