Margrave Philip I of Baden (6 November 1479 – 17 September 1533) took over the administration of his father's possessions Baden (
Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden () is a spa town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with Fra ...
),
Durlach
Durlach is a borough of the German city of Karlsruhe with a population of roughly 30,000.
History
Durlach was bestowed by emperor Frederick II on the margrave Hermann V of Zähringen as an allodial possession.
It was chosen by the margrave Ch ...
,
Pforzheim
Pforzheim () is a city of over 125,000 inhabitants in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, in the southwest of Germany.
It is known for its jewelry and watch-making industry, and as such has gained the nickname "Goldstadt" ("Golden City") ...
and
Altensteig
Altensteig (; Swabian: ''Aldaschdaeg'') is a town in the district of Calw, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
History
Altensteig was most likely given town rights by the Counts of Hohenberg around the middle of the 14th century. In 1398, the to ...
and parts of Eberstein,
Lahr
Lahr (officially Lahr/Schwarzwald since 30 September 1978) (); gsw, label= Low Alemannic, Lohr) is a town in western Baden-Württemberg, Germany, approximately 50 km north of Freiburg im Breisgau, 40 km southeast of Strasbourg, and 95&nb ...
and
Mahlberg
Mahlberg ( gsw, label= Low Alemannic, Mohlburg) is a town in the Ortenaukreis, in western Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 8 km southwest of Lahr,
near the Europa-Park Rust. It is about north of Freiburg im Breisgau and south o ...
in 1515 and ruled as governor until he inherited the territories in 1527. From 1524 till 1527, he also acted as an imperial governor in the second
Imperial Government
The name imperial government (german: Reichsregiment) denotes two organs, created in 1500 and 1521, in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation to enable a unified political leadership, with input from the Princes. Both were composed of the em ...
.
His official title was Margrave of Baden-Sponheim.
Life
Philip was the fifth son of the Margrave
Christopher I of Baden and
Ottilie of Katzenelnbogen
Ottilie of Katzenelnbogen (c. 1451 – 15 August 1517, Baden-Baden), was by marriage Margravine of Baden-Baden.
Life
She was the only child of Philipp II ''the Younger'' of Katzenelnbogen (1427 – 27 February 1453) and Ottilie of Nassau-Siegen ...
. His father intended to avoid splitting the inheritance and regarded Philip as his most capable son, so he wanted Philip to inherit the sovereignty over all his territories. He intended Philip to marry with
Joan Joan may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Joan (given name), including a list of women, men and fictional characters
*:Joan of Arc, a French military heroine
* Joan (surname)
Weather events
*Tropical Storm Joan (disambiguation), multip ...
, the heiress of Margrave
Philip of Hachberg-Sausenberg
Margrave Philip of Hachberg-Sausenberg (1454 – 9 September 1503) was the son of the Margrave Rudolf IV of Hachberg-Sausenberg and Margaret of Vienne. Philip reigned in 1487–1503 as Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg and Count of Neuchâtel ...
— a junior branch of the House of Baden branch line, so that Philip would become sovereign of a considerable territory. The plan failed due to resistance of the French king.
Because of the resistance of Philip's worldly brothers,
[four other brothers had chosen a career in the church] Christopher later changed his will twice.
Philip's brother
Bernhard III inherited the holdings on the left bank of the Rhine, his brother
Ernest
Ernest is a given name derived from Germanic word ''ernst'', meaning "serious". Notable people and fictional characters with the name include:
People
* Archduke Ernest of Austria (1553–1595), son of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
* Ernest, ...
inherited the baronies Hachberg, Usenberg,
Sausenburg
Sausenburg Castle is a ruined German castle on the edge of the Black Forest, just north of the town of Kandern in Baden-Württemberg, between the villages of Sitzenkirch and Malsburg-Marzell. The castle was originally the stronghold of the lor ...
,
Rötteln
Rötteln (Old High German: ''Raudinleim''this expression refers to the red shimmering limestone of this place) is a hamlet beneath the ruins of Rötteln Castle. Today Rötteln is part of the quarter of Haagen, in the city of Lörrach, Baden-Würt ...
and Baden Castle in
Badenweiler
Badenweiler ( High Alemannic: ''Badewiler'') is a health resort and spa in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, historically in the Markgräflerland. It is 28 kilometers by road and rail from Basel, 10 kilomet ...
in South Baden.
Philip fought on the French side in the
Italian Wars
The Italian Wars, also known as the Habsburg–Valois Wars, were a series of conflicts covering the period 1494 to 1559, fought mostly in the Italian peninsula, but later expanding into Flanders, the Rhineland and the Mediterranean Sea. The pr ...
. In 1501 he commanded a ship in the French fleet, that supported the
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...
in the war against the Turks.
During his reign, Philip was confronted a wave of
rebellions
Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority.
A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and ...
all over southern Germany. In a continuation of the
Bundschuh movement
The Bundschuh movement (German: ''Bundschuh-Bewegung'') refers to a series of localized peasant rebellions in southwestern Germany from 1493 to 1517. They were one of the causes of the German Peasants' War (1524–1526). The Bundschuh movement wa ...
and again under the leadership of
Joss Fritz Joss may refer to:
* Joss (name), including a list of people with the name
* JOSS, a time-sharing programming language
* Joss (Chinese statue), a religious object
* Joss JP1, an Australian-built supercar
* Joss paper, a type of burnt offering
* J ...
the peasants stood up and fought for their rights. This often led to abuse and violence. The rebels marched through Durlach to the monastery Gottesaue, which was looted and completely destroyed — under the eyes of the Margrave. He responded by attacking the homes of the rebels and for example in
Berghausen three houses were set on fire. The real aim, however, was the territory of the bishop
George
George may refer to:
People
* George (given name)
* George (surname)
* George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George
* George Washington, First President of the United States
* George W. Bush, 43rd Presid ...
of Speyer, who finally escaped to the court of the Elector Palatine in
Heidelberg
Heidelberg (; Palatine German language, Palatine German: ''Heidlberg'') is a city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914 ...
. It wasn't until 1525 that Elector
Louis V Louis V may refer to:
* Louis V of France (967–987)
* Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor and V of Germany (1282–1347)
* Louis V, Duke of Bavaria (1315–1361)
* Louis V, Elector Palatine (ruled 1508–1544)
* Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (r ...
and his army managed to end the insurgency. On 25 May 1525, Philip I concluded the Treaty of
Renchen
Renchen ( gsw, label= Low Alemannic, Renche) is a small town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, part of the district of Ortenau.
Geography
Renchen is located in the foothills of the northern Black Forest at the entrance to the Rench valley at the ed ...
with his peasants.
He died in 1533 without male heirs. Of his six children only his daughter
Maria Jakobäa (1507–1580) survived him. In 1522, she married Duke
William IV of Bavaria
William IV (german: Wilhelm IV; 13 November 1493 – 7 March 1550) was Duke of Bavaria from 1508 to 1550, until 1545 together with his younger brother Louis X, Duke of Bavaria.
He was born in Munich to Albert IV and Kunigunde of Austria, a daug ...
. His two brothers,
Ernest
Ernest is a given name derived from Germanic word ''ernst'', meaning "serious". Notable people and fictional characters with the name include:
People
* Archduke Ernest of Austria (1553–1595), son of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
* Ernest, ...
and
Bernhard III divided his estate among themselves — the resulting margraviates of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden were reunified in 1771.
Grave
The grave of the Margrave Philip I of Baden is located in the Collegiate Church in
Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden () is a spa town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with Fra ...
.
His tomb is adorned with a life size sculpture in full armor, but without a helmet. The tomb bears the following
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
is inscription:
: HALLOWED BY THE BELIEF IN GOD
: THE ILLUSTRIOUS PRINCE PHILIP, MARGRAVE OF BADEN,
: AN EXCELLENT PRINCE WITH A POWERFUL BODY AND A BEAUTIFUL SHAPE,
: WHO BEGAN HIS CAREER AS KNIGHT WITH CHARLES VIII, KING OF FRANCE;
: AT THE SIEGE OF MILAN
: WHO COMMANDED PART OF THE FLEET AT THE SIEGE OF MITHYLENE
: WHO TRAVELED SPAIN AND FRANCE,
: WHO WAS GOVERNOR OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE DURING THE REIGN OF EMPEROR CHARLES V,
: WHO ACHIEVED GREAT THINGS ON LAND AND ON WATER,
: WHO DESERVED MERIT AT HOME WITH WISDOM AND MODERATION WRT THE CITIZENS
: - TO HIM -
: TO HIS VERY OWN BROTHER,
: THIS WAS MONUMENT DEDICATED BY THE LAST WILL OF PRINCE ERNEST,
: HE LIVED 54 YEARS 10 MONTHS 7 DAYS,
: AND DIED IN 1533 ON SEPTEMBER 17.
The gravestone was created in 1537 by Christoph von Urach.
Marriage and descendants
Margrave Philip I married on 3 January 1503
Elisabeth of the Palatinate (16 November 1483 – 24 June 1522), the daughter of the
Elector
Elector may refer to:
* Prince-elector or elector, a member of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Holy Roman Emperors
* Elector, a member of an electoral college
** Confederate elector, a member of ...
Philip. The couple had the following children:
*
Marie Jakobäa (25 June 1507 – 16 November 1580), married in 1522 Duke
William IV of Bavaria
William IV (german: Wilhelm IV; 13 November 1493 – 7 March 1550) was Duke of Bavaria from 1508 to 1550, until 1545 together with his younger brother Louis X, Duke of Bavaria.
He was born in Munich to Albert IV and Kunigunde of Austria, a daug ...
(1493–1550)
* Philipp (1508–1509).
* Philipp Jakob (born and died 1511).
* Marie Eva (born and died 1513).
* Johann Adam (born and died 1516).
* Max Kaspar (born and died 1519).
Ancestors
See also
*
List of rulers of Baden
Baden was an Imperial Estate of the Holy Roman Empire and later one of the German states along the frontier with France, primarily consisting of territory along the right bank of the Rhine, opposite Alsace and the Palatinate.
History
The te ...
References
*
*
* Johann Christian Sachs: ''Introduction to the History of Margraviate and princely House of Baden'', Karlsruhe 1769, vol 3, pp. 165–192
Footnotes
{{DEFAULTSORT:Philip I, Margrave Of Baden
Margraves of Baden
1479 births
1533 deaths
Burials at Stiftskirche, Baden-Baden