Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke and 1st Earl of Montgomery, (10 October 158423 January 1650)
was an English
courtier, nobleman, and politician active during the reigns of
James I James I may refer to:
People
*James I of Aragon (1208–1276)
*James I of Sicily or James II of Aragon (1267–1327)
*James I, Count of La Marche (1319–1362), Count of Ponthieu
*James I, Count of Urgell (1321–1347)
*James I of Cyprus (1334–13 ...
and
Charles I Charles I may refer to:
Kings and emperors
* Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings
* Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily
* Charles I of ...
.
Philip and his older brother
William were the 'incomparable pair of brethren' to whom the
First Folio of
Shakespeare
William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...
's collected works was dedicated in 1623.
Early life, 1584–1603
Born at
Wilton House, he was the son of
Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, and his third wife,
Mary Sidney, sister of Sir
Philip Sidney
Philip, also Phillip, is a male given name, derived from the Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominent Philips who popularize ...
the poet, after whom he was named.
In 1593, at age 9, Philip was sent to study at
New College, Oxford, but left after a few months.
Favourite of James I, 1603–1625
In 1600 the 16-year-old Philip made his first appearance at
court
A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in acco ...
. On the accession of James I in 1603 he soon caught the king's eye. According to
Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (18 February 16099 December 1674), was an English statesman, lawyer, diplomat and historian who served as chief advisor to Charles I during the First English Civil War, and Lord Chancellor to Charles II fr ...
, and
John Aubrey, Philip's major interests at the time were
hunting
Hunting is the human activity, human practice of seeking, pursuing, capturing, or killing wildlife or feral animals. The most common reasons for humans to hunt are to harvest food (i.e. meat) and useful animal products (fur/hide (skin), hide, ...
and
hawking and it was in these fields that he first drew the king's attention. In May 1603, James made Philip a gentleman of the
privy chamber and a
Knight of the Bath in July of the same year. Some historians believe that Philip and James had a sexual relationship as well around this time.
Philip Herbert and his brother William, performed in ''
The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' at
Hampton Court
Hampton Court Palace is a Grade I listed royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, southwest and upstream of central London on the River Thames. The building of the palace began in 1514 for Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, the chi ...
on 1 January 1604. On 27 December 1604, with James I's enthusiastic urging (he played a prominent role in the ceremony and provided generous financial gifts for the bride), Philip married
Susan de Vere
Susan Herbert (née de Vere), Countess of Montgomery (26 May 1587 – 1629), was an English court office holder. She served as lady-in-waiting to the queen consort of England, Anne of Denmark. She was the youngest daughter of Elizabethan court ...
, daughter of
Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford
Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (; 12 April 155024 June 1604) was an English peer and courtier of the Elizabethan era. Oxford was heir to the second oldest earldom in the kingdom, a court favourite for a time, a sought-after patron o ...
. That same year he was elected Member of Parliament for
Glamorgan.
James continued bestowing favours throughout 1605, first making Philip a
gentleman of the bedchamber and then creating him
Baron Herbert of Shurland and
Earl of Montgomery
The title Earl of Montgomery (pronounced "Mun-''gum''-ery") was created in the Peerage of England in 1605 for Sir Philip Herbert, younger son of the 2nd Earl of Pembroke. The first Earl inherited the Earldom of Pembroke in 1630 from his brot ...
. In addition, James had Montgomery created
MA during a visit of
Oxford
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
. In addition to hunting and hawking, Montgomery regularly participated in this period in
tournaments
A tournament is a competition involving at least three competitors, all participating in a sport or game. More specifically, the term may be used in either of two overlapping senses:
# One or more competitions held at a single venue and concentr ...
and
court masques
The masque was a form of festive courtly entertainment that flourished in 16th- and early 17th-century Europe, though it was developed earlier in Italy, in forms including the intermedio (a public version of the masque was the pageant). A mas ...
. He also took an interest in
gambling
Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the wagering of something of value ("the stakes") on a random event with the intent of winning something else of value, where instances of strategy are discounted. Gambling thus requires three ele ...
and amassed large debts, which James paid off for him in 1606/1607. In 1608, James made him a
Knight of the Garter. He had him appointed
high steward of Oxford in 1615.
When Montgomery had a noted quarrel with
Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton
Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, (pronunciation uncertain: "Rezley", "Rizely" (archaic), (present-day) and have been suggested; 6 October 1573 – 10 November 1624) was the only son of Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of So ...
, after a game of
tennis
Tennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball cov ...
between the two in 1610, James stepped in to effect a reconciliation. Montgomery had a second violent quarrel, this time with
Lord Howard de Walden, in 1617. He was to become notorious for his violent assaults, which were usually unprovoked, but he was invariably forgiven by the King.
Montgomery took a keen interest in English colonial ventures, which were just taking off at this time, and was involved with several
joint stock companies: he became a member of the council of the
Virginia Company in 1612; was one of the original incorporators of the Northwest Passage Company in 1612; and became a member of the
Honourable East India Company in 1614.
Honours continued throughout the remainder of James' reign: Montgomery became keeper of the
Palace of Westminster and
St. James's Park
St James's Park is a park in the City of Westminster, central London. It is at the southernmost tip of the St James's area, which was named after a leper hospital dedicated to St James the Less. It is the most easterly of a near-continuous ch ...
in 1617;
Lord Lieutenant of Kent in 1624; and finally, in December 1624, a member of the
privy council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a state, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the mo ...
.
Continued favour under Charles I
After Charles I's accession to the throne in 1625, Montgomery continued to receive royal favour. He was appointed to the embassy which accompanied
Henrietta Maria from Paris to England and went on to hold the
spurs at Charles'
coronation
A coronation is the act of placement or bestowal of a crown upon a monarch's head. The term also generally refers not only to the physical crowning but to the whole ceremony wherein the act of crowning occurs, along with the presentation of o ...
in 1626, before succeeding his older brother as
Lord Chamberlain
The Lord Chamberlain of the Household is the most senior officer of the Royal Household of the United Kingdom, supervising the departments which support and provide advice to the Sovereign of the United Kingdom while also acting as the main c ...
. He was made
Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire
There has been a Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire almost continuously since the position was created by King Henry VIII in 1535. The only exception to this was the English Civil War and English Interregnum between 1643 and 1660 when there was no ...
in 1628. (Montgomery was a friend of
George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, serving as
godfather of Buckingham's son Lord Charles Herbert, and in 1626 agreeing to a betrothal between his 4-year-old daughter and Lord Charles Herbert.)
Montgomery continued to be interested in colonial ventures under Charles I. He was an incorporator of the Guiana Company in 1626. In 1628, he received a grant of the islands of
Trinidad
Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is often referred to as the southernmos ...
,
Tobago
Tobago () is an island and ward within the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. It is located northeast of the larger island of Trinidad and about off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. It also lies to the southeast of Grenada. The offic ...
and
Barbados
Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of the Americas, and the most easterly of the Caribbean Islands. It occupies an area of and has a population of about 287,000 (2019 estima ...
.
Montgomery's first wife died in early 1629, and in 1630 he remarried, to
Lady Anne Clifford, daughter of
George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
Sir George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland, 13th Baron de Clifford, 13th Lord of Skipton, (8 August 155830 October 1605), was an English peer, naval commander, and courtier of Queen Elizabeth I of England. He was notable at court for his j ...
, and widow of
Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset.
Montgomery's older brother died in 1630, and he succeeded to the title of
Earl of Pembroke and to several of his brother's other titles, including
Lord Lieutenant of Somerset
This is an incomplete list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Somerset. Since 1714, all Lord Lieutenants have also been Custos Rotulorum of Somerset.
Lord Lieutenants of Somerset
*John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford 1552–1555
* Willia ...
and
Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall. He was soon appointed to his brother's former positions of high steward of the
Duchy of Cornwall and
Lord Warden of the Stannaries.
Pembroke maintained a large household of 80 at his home in London, and an even larger staff of over 150 at
Wilton House, his family's ancestral seat in
Wiltshire. Through the 1630s, Pembroke entertained Charles I at Wilton House for a hunting expedition every year. He encouraged Pembroke to rebuild Wilton House in the
Palladian
Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is today recognised as Palladian architecture evolved from his concepts of symmetry, perspective and ...
style, recommending
Inigo Jones for the job (
Salomon de Caus performed the work when Jones proved to be unavailable, while his brother,
Isaac de Caus, designed a variety of formal and informal gardens for the property).
Patron of culture
Pembroke was a fan of painting and a member of
the Whitehall group
The Whitehall group (or less frequently, Whitehall Circle) is a term applied to a small circle of art connoisseurs, collectors, and patrons, closely associated with King Charles I, who introduced a taste for the Italian old masters to England. ...
. He amassed a large art collection and was a patron of
Anthony van Dyck. This love of painting was shared with Charles I: in 1637, when
Pope Urban VIII sent Charles a large shipment of paintings, Pembroke was one of a select group invited by Charles to join him in opening the cases (the group also included
Henrietta Maria,
Inigo Jones, and
Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland). Pembroke promoted the artistic career of his page,
Richard Gibson, who became a successful portrait miniaturist.
Pembroke was an active patron of literature, receiving the dedication of over forty books during his lifetime, beginning with the dedication of the English edition of ''
Amadis de Gaula'' in 1619. His most famous dedication was that of Shakespeare's first folio, which was dedicated to Philip and his elder brother. Pembroke was also notably the patron of
Philip Massinger and of Pembroke's relative
George Herbert (in 1630 he intervened with Charles to have George Herbert appointed to a
rectory in Wiltshire).
Break with Charles I, 1639–1642
Although Pembroke and Charles bonded over their shared interest in art and architecture, they did not agree on the question of religion. Pembroke was inclined to favour "godly Protestantism" and sympathetic to
Puritan
The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant. ...
ism. This led him into conflict with Charles' queen, Henrietta Maria, who was a
Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
* Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
* Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...
. Pembroke was also opposed to the ascent of
William Laud, who was narrowly elected to Pembroke's older brother's old office of
Chancellor of the University of Oxford
This is a list of chancellors of the University of Oxford in England by year of appointment.
__TOC__
Chronological list
See also
* List of vice-chancellors of the University of Oxford
* List of University of Oxford people
* List of chanc ...
in 1630 and became
Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633.
Given his religious inclination, Pembroke was sympathetic to the
Covenanters during the
Bishops' Wars and strongly favoured peace. Pembroke served as Charles' commissioner during the negotiations with the Scots at
Berwick and
Ripon
Ripon () is a cathedral city in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England. The city is located at the confluence of two tributaries of the River Ure, the Laver and Skell. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the ...
, where several of the Scots, notably the
Earl of Rothes, believed that Pembroke was secretly in favour of the Scottish position. Pembroke, however, continued to profess his loyalty to Charles, though, along with
Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland and
William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury
William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, (28 March 1591 – 3 December 1668), known as Viscount Cranborne from 1605 to 1612, was an English peer, nobleman, and politician.
Early years, 1591–1612
Cecil was the son of Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of ...
, he urged the king to accept the Scots' terms. The king, however, ordered Pembroke to return to London to begin raising funds for further war with the Scots.
Pembroke's extensive land holdings gained him much influence during the elections to the
Short and
Long
Long may refer to:
Measurement
* Long, characteristic of something of great duration
* Long, characteristic of something of great length
* Longitude (abbreviation: long.), a geographic coordinate
* Longa (music), note value in early music mensu ...
Parliaments
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...
, with approximately a dozen
members of the
House of Commons owing their elections to his patronage. These men did not seem to constitute a Pembroke faction in the Commons, though there were signs that he patronized men known to be opponents of Charles' policy of
Thorough.
In 1641, Pembroke voted in favour of the
bill of attainder
A bill of attainder (also known as an act of attainder or writ of attainder or bill of penalties) is an act of a legislature declaring a person, or a group of people, guilty of some crime, and punishing them, often without a trial. As with attai ...
against
Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford. During this period, Charles became especially angry when Pembroke gave encouraging words to an anti-Strafford crowd. Upon the queen's urging, Charles determined to remove Pembroke from his post as Lord Chamberlain. The pretext came when Pembroke had yet another of his violent altercations, this time striking
Henry Howard, Lord Maltravers with a cane during a committee meeting of the
House of Lords
The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by appointment, heredity or official function. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminst ...
. Charles demanded Pembroke's resignation, replacing him with
Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex. This marked Pembroke's final break with Charles.
Role in the English Civil War, 1642–1648
With the coming of the
First English Civil War
The First English Civil War took place in England and Wales from 1642 to 1646, and forms part of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. They include the Bishops' Wars, the Irish Confederate Wars, the Second English Civil War, the Angl ...
, Pembroke sided with the
parliamentarians, although he was always one of the most moderate of them.
Parliament regularly employed Pembroke and the
Earl of Holland during its negotiations with Charles. Initially, Pembroke maintained contacts with
Edward Hyde and professed continued loyalty to Charles. However, he became one of five peers to sit on the
English Committee of Safety, established in July 1642, and in August 1642 accepted the office of
Governor of the Isle of Wight
Below is a list of those who have held the office of Governor of the Isle of Wight in England. Lord Mottistone was the last lord lieutenant to hold the title governor, from 1992 to 1995; since then there has been no governor appointed.
Governo ...
from Parliament. In 1645, Parliament named Pembroke
Lord Lieutenant of Somerset
This is an incomplete list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Somerset. Since 1714, all Lord Lieutenants have also been Custos Rotulorum of Somerset.
Lord Lieutenants of Somerset
*John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford 1552–1555
* Willia ...
and voted to raise him to the status of
duke
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are r ...
.
Pembroke represented Parliament during the negotiations with the king at
Oxford
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
in January 1643, and was present during the
Treaty of Uxbridge in 1645.
As a supporter of the godly cause, Pembroke was appointed to the
Westminster Assembly in 1643 as a lay assessor. Pembroke supported the moderate
episcopalian faction in the Assembly (most associated with
James Ussher,
Archbishop of Armagh
In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdio ...
), and remained fiercely opposed to the
presbyterian
Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their n ...
and
Independent
Independent or Independents may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups
* Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s
* Independe ...
parties in the Assembly.
George Morley, future
Bishop of Winchester
The Bishop of Winchester is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Winchester in the Church of England. The bishop's seat (''cathedra'') is at Winchester Cathedral in Hampshire. The Bishop of Winchester has always held ''ex officio'' (except ...
served as Pembroke's domestic
chaplain, and Pembroke was a member of
St Martin-in-the-Fields, where he worshipped regularly. As such, in the House of Lords, Pembroke voted in favour of the bill of attainder against Archbishop Laud in 1645, but in 1646 voted to reject a petition in favour of presbyterianism submitted by the
City of London
The City of London is a city, ceremonial county and local government district that contains the historic centre and constitutes, alongside Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London. It constituted most of London f ...
.
During the politics of the 1640s, Pembroke was initially linked with the group of lords headed by
William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele
William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele (28 June 158214 April 1662) was an English nobleman and politician, known also for his involvement in several companies for setting up overseas colonies.
Early life
He was born at the family home of B ...
and
Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, which supported the
Self-denying Ordinance
The Self-denying Ordinance was passed by the English Parliament on 3 April 1645. All members of the House of Commons or Lords who were also officers in the Parliamentary army or navy were required to resign one or the other, within 40 days fr ...
and the creation of the
New Model Army in 1645. By mid-1646, however, Pembroke was distancing himself from the group and became one of the outspoken opponents of the New Model Army, favouring its immediate disbandment. After the anti-New Model Army riots in London in July 1647, Pembroke refused to join the Saye-Northumberland group, who left the capital and joined the army at this time. Pembroke quickly changed his tune in August, however, when the New Model Army marched into London: he then claimed that he had previously been acting under duress and that he had always been a supporter of the New Model Army.
After Laud's arrest in 1641, the University of Oxford elected Pembroke to replace him as chancellor. (Pembroke, who was at the time allied with Saye, nominated Saye to replace him as high steward when he left the post to take up the chancellorship.) When royalist forces took Oxford, they removed Pembroke, installing
the marquess of Hertford in his place, but, after Parliament took Oxford, it had Pembroke re-installed as chancellor in 1647 and ordered him to reform the university. The
visitors of the university began this work under the direction of a committee of both houses chaired by Pembroke. They ordered all university officers to take the
Solemn League and Covenant, and when the heads of
houses complained, Pembroke summoned them to the committee and berated them. In February 1648, he installed a new vice-chancellor and replaced many heads of houses. Then in March, Parliament ordered him to take up office in person. So he travelled to Oxford and presided over the
Convocation, putting an end to resistance to the reforms. Yet Pembroke, though a patron of literature, was far from a
man of letters himself and became the subject of bitter
satires written by
royalists during the period.
Role in the crisis of 1648–1649
Pembroke believed the king was crucial to any settlement of hostilities between king and Parliament. He vehemently opposed the
Vote of No Addresses in 1647–1648, refusing to leave Wilton House (where he was attending to rebuilding in the wake of a 1647 fire) to attend the debate in the House of Lords. In July 1648, Pembroke voted that
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton
James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton, KG, PC (19 June 1606 – 9 March 1649), known as The 3rd Marquess of Hamilton from March 1625 until April 1643, was a Scottish nobleman and influential political and military leader during the Thirty Year ...
be declared a
traitor
Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...
for leading Scottish forces into England and sought to have royalists who aided Hamilton declared traitors. In July 1648, Pembroke again negotiated with the king, this time pursuant to the
Treaty of Newport
The Treaty of Newport was a failed treaty between Parliament and King Charles I of England, intended to bring an end to the hostilities of the English Civil War. Negotiations were conducted between 15 September 1648 and 27 November 1648, at Newpo ...
.
These negotiations ended abruptly with
Pride's Purge of December 1648, after which Pembroke and several other parliamentary commissioners negotiating at Newport sent a deputation to
Thomas Fairfax, assuring him they continued to support the army. However, they continued to seek a deal with the king. In late December 1648, Pembroke joined a deputation led by
Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh, putting to the
Army Council to accept a deal whereby Charles would lose his
negative voice and agree to not attempt to restore episcopal lands which had been alienated by Parliament.
The Army Council rejected the proposal but wished to continue to have good relations with Pembroke. It soon agreed to let the
Rump Parliament
The Rump Parliament was the English Parliament after Colonel Thomas Pride commanded soldiers to purge the Long Parliament, on 6 December 1648, of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason.
"R ...
name Pembroke
Constable of Windsor Castle
The Constable and Governor of Windsor Castle is in charge of Windsor Castle in England on behalf of the sovereign. The day-to-day operations are under the Superintendent, who is an officer of the Master of the Household's Department of the Roy ...
(the House of Lords had been trying to appoint Pembroke to the position since July but had not yet received the support of the House of Commons), making him essentially the king's jailer. Pembroke appointed
Bulstrode Whitelocke as his deputy. In January 1649, Pembroke was appointed to the
High Court of Justice
The High Court of Justice in London, known properly as His Majesty's High Court of Justice in England, together with the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court, are the Senior Courts of England and Wales. Its name is abbreviated as EWHC ( Engl ...
established by the Rump Parliament to try Charles I on charges of
high treason. Pembroke refused to take part, though he agreed not to speak out against executing the king.
In February, after the
execution of the king, the Rump appointed Pembroke to the
English Council of State. Since the House of Lords had been abolished in the wake of Charles' execution, Pembroke had to stand for election to Parliament: he was returned as member for
Berkshire in April 1649.
Death
In May 1649, Pembroke fell ill and spent the rest of 1649 bedridden. He died in his chambers in Whitehall,
Westminster
Westminster is an area of Central London, part of the wider City of Westminster.
The area, which extends from the River Thames to Oxford Street, has many visitor attractions and historic landmarks, including the Palace of Westminster, B ...
on 23 January 1650.
Pembroke's body was embalmed and transported to
Salisbury
Salisbury ( ) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately from Southampton and from Bath.
Salisbury is in the southeast of ...
to be buried in
Salisbury Cathedral.
The English Council of State ordered all members of
Barebone's Parliament to accompany his cortège for two or three miles on its journey out of London.
Issue
Herbert married first
Lady Susan de Vere (26 May 1587–1628/1629), daughter of
Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford
Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (; 12 April 155024 June 1604) was an English peer and courtier of the Elizabethan era. Oxford was heir to the second oldest earldom in the kingdom, a court favourite for a time, a sought-after patron o ...
. They had seven sons and three daughters, including:
*Lady Anne Sophia Herbert married
Robert Dormer, 1st Earl of Carnarvon, and had issue.
*Sir Charles Herbert, Lord Herbert of Shurland (c. 1619–1635), married
Lady Mary Villiers, daughter of
George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, and had no issue.
*
Philip Herbert, 5th Earl of Pembroke (c. 1621–1669)
*Hon.
James Herbert (c. 1623–1677), of Kingsey, Buckinghamshire
*Hon. Henry Herbert (died young)
Philip Herbert married secondly
Lady Anne Clifford, de jure Baroness de Clifford (30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676), daughter of
George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
Sir George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland, 13th Baron de Clifford, 13th Lord of Skipton, (8 August 155830 October 1605), was an English peer, naval commander, and courtier of Queen Elizabeth I of England. He was notable at court for his j ...
and widow of
Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset, on 1 June 1630. They had no issue.
His grandson
Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke
Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke, 4th Earl of Montgomery KB (1652/53 – 29 August 1683) was an English nobleman and politician who succeeded to the titles and estates of two earldoms on 8 July 1674 on the death of his brother William Her ...
, was a homicidal maniac; it has been suggested that his mental instability was inherited from his grandfather, who was also prone to making sudden and violent assaults.
File:Susan de Vere.jpg, Susan de Vere effigy
File:William Larkin Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset.jpg, Lady Anne Clifford, portrait by William Larkin, National Portrait Gallery, LondonProfile
theguardian.com, 3 October 2013; accessed 24 March 2014
File:Philip, 7th Earl of Pembroke (1652-1683) by John Michael Wright (1617-1694).jpg, Philip, 7th Earl of Pembroke
References
*
*
External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pembroke, Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of
1584 births
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