Philip Guedalla (12 March 1889 – 16 December 1944) was an English
barrister, and a popular historical and travel writer and
biographer
Biographers are authors who write an account of another person's life, while autobiographers are authors who write their own biography.
Biographers
Countries of working life: Ab=Arabia, AG=Ancient Greece, Al=Australia, Am=Armenian, AR=Ancient Rome ...
. His
wit and
epigrams are well-known, one example being "Even reviewers read a Preface". He also was the originator of a now-common theory on
Henry James
Henry James ( – ) was an American-British author. He is regarded as a key transitional figure between literary realism and literary modernism, and is considered by many to be among the greatest novelists in the English language. He was the ...
, writing that "The work of Henry James has always seemed divisible by a simple dynastic arrangement into three reigns: James I, James II, and the Old Pretender".
Family and education
Guedalla was born in
Maida Vale
Maida Vale ( ) is an affluent residential district consisting of the northern part of Paddington in West London, west of St John's Wood and south of Kilburn. It is also the name of its main road, on the continuous Edgware Road. Maida Vale is ...
, London, into a secular Jewish family of Spanish origin; in later life he embraced his Jewish identity. He was educated at
Rugby School
Rugby School is a public school (English independent boarding school for pupils aged 13–18) in Rugby, Warwickshire, England.
Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. ...
and
Balliol College, Oxford, where he in 1911 was the
President of the Oxford Union
Past elected presidents of the Oxford Union are listed below, with their college and the year/term in which they served. ''Iterum'' indicates that a person was serving a second term as president (which is not possible under the current Union rule ...
; and was published in ''
Oxford Poetry
''Oxford Poetry'' is a literary magazine based in Oxford, England. It is currently edited by Luke Allan. The magazine is published by Partus Press.
Founded in 1910 by Basil Blackwell, its editors have included Dorothy L. Sayers, Aldous Huxley ...
1910–1913''. In 1919 he married Nellie Maude Reitlinger, the daughter of a banker. They never had children.
Asked how to say his name, he told ''
The Literary Digest
''The Literary Digest'' was an influential American general interest weekly magazine published by Funk & Wagnalls. Founded by Isaac Kaufmann Funk in 1890, it eventually merged with two similar weekly magazines, ''Public Opinion'' and '' Current O ...
'' "My own pronunciation is ''gwuh-dal'lah''. I have very little doubt that this is wholly incorrect."
Career
Having been
called to the Bar by the
Inner Temple
The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, commonly known as the Inner Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court and is a professional associations for barristers and judges. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and ...
, Guedalla practised as a
barrister from 1913 to 1923, before turning to writing. During the
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
he organised and acted as secretary to the
Flax Control Board and also served as legal adviser to the Contracts Departments of the
War Office
The War Office was a department of the British Government responsible for the administration of the British Army between 1857 and 1964, when its functions were transferred to the new Ministry of Defence (MoD). This article contains text from ...
and the
Ministry of Munitions
The Minister of Munitions was a British government position created during the First World War to oversee and co-ordinate the production and distribution of munitions for the war effort. The position was created in response to the Shell Crisis o ...
.
[''The Times'', 18 December 1944 p. 6] In the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...
he served in the
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) an ...
, with the rank of
Squadron Leader
Squadron leader (Sqn Ldr in the RAF ; SQNLDR in the RAAF and RNZAF; formerly sometimes S/L in all services) is a commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence. It is als ...
.
He was also President of the
British Zionist Federation, president of the
Jewish Historical Society of England
The Jewish Historical Society of England (JHSE) was founded in 1893 by several Anglo-Jewish scholars, including Lucien Wolf, who became the society's first president. Early presidents of the JHSE included Hermann Adler, Michael Adler, Joseph Jacob ...
and Vice-President of the Jewish Representative Council.
Politics
Guedalla was a parliamentary candidate for the
Liberal Party
The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left.
__TOC__ Active liberal parties
This is a li ...
five times, always unsuccessfully.
He first stood for Parliament as a Liberal at the
1922 general election in
Hackney North in a straight fight with the incumbent
Conservative
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...
Sir Walter Greene, MP. Greene held the seat with a majority of 4,615 votes.
At the
1923 general election Guedalla was adopted as Liberal candidate for the
Derbyshire North East constituency. This looked as if it might be a winnable seat for the Liberals as at the
general election of 1922 the Liberal candidate
Stanley Holmes had come within 15 votes of taking the seat from
Labour
Labour or labor may refer to:
* Childbirth, the delivery of a baby
* Labour (human activity), or work
** Manual labour, physical work
** Wage labour, a socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer
** Organized labour and the labour ...
in a three-cornered contest. Despite the boost the Liberals had received in the run-up to the 1923 general election with the reunion of the
Lloyd George and
Asquithian wings of the party, Guedalla was unable to gain Derbyshire North East and fell to the foot of the poll behind the Conservatives.
He tried again in Derbyshire North East at the
1924 general election but again came third behind the
Tories
A Tory () is a person who holds a political philosophy known as Toryism, based on a British version of traditionalism and conservatism, which upholds the supremacy of social order as it has evolved in the English culture throughout history. The ...
in a three-cornered fight.
Guedalla next attempted to enter the
House of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. T ...
as Liberal candidate for
Manchester Rusholme at the
1929 general election. This had been a Liberal seat between 1923 and 1924 having been held by
Charles Masterman
Charles Frederick Gurney Masterman Privy Council of the United Kingdom, PC (24 October 1873 – 17 November 1927) was a British radical Liberal Party (UK), Liberal Party politician, intellectual and man of letters. He worked closely with such ...
a former Liberal
Cabinet minister. Guedalla maintained second place behind the sitting Tory MP Sir
Frank Boyd Merriman but was unable to regain the seat.
At the
1931 general election Guedalla moved constituencies again, this time to nearby
Manchester Withington. This was a Liberal seat, held between 1923–1924 and 1929-1931 by
Ernest Simon. However, in the summer of 1931 an economic crisis led to the formation of a
National Government led by
prime minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...
Ramsay MacDonald supported by a small number of
National Labour MPs and initially backed by the Conservative and Liberal parties. In many constituencies the main opposition party to Labour simply assumed the mantle of the Coalition government but in Manchester the Conservative and Liberal parties could not work together to agree an electoral pact, even in the unique circumstances of the national emergency. So Guedalla found himself opposed by
Edward Fleming
Edward Lascelles Fleming (''c.'' 1891 – 17 February 1950) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.
He unsuccessfully contested the Leigh constituency at the 1922 general election, and did not stand again until the 1931 gene ...
for the Conservatives who won the seat comfortably with a majority of 14,718.
In 1936 he was elected to serve on the Liberal Party Council.
Death
Guedalla died in hospital in London on 16 December 1944 at age 55, having contracted an illness during his service in the RAF.
''Sleuth'' reference
In the play ''
Sleuth
Sleuth may refer to:
* Detective
*Sleuth, collective noun for a group of bears
Computing
* The Sleuth Kit, a collection of forensic analysis software
*SLEUTH assembler language for the UNIVAC 1107
Entertainment and media
*Cloo
Cloo (stylized ...
'' by
Anthony Shaffer, mystery writer Andrew Wyke says, "Do you agree that the detective story is the normal recreation of noble minds? I'm quoting from Philip Guedalla, a biographer of the thirties, that golden age when every Cabinet Minister had a thriller by his bedside and all detectives were titled."
[''Sleuth: A Play'' by Anthony Shaffer. S. French, 1970]
Works
* ''Ignes Fatui - A Book of Parodies'' (Oxford:
B.H. Blackwell; London
''Simpkin, Marshall'' 1911)
''The Partition of Europe: A Textbook of European History, 1715-1815''(Oxford:
Clarendon Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...
, 1914)
''Supers and Supermen: Studies in Politics, History and Letters''(London:
T. Fisher Unwin, 1920)
''The Second Empire: Bonapartism, The Prince, The President, The Emperor''(London:
Hodder and Stoughton
Hodder & Stoughton is a British publishing house, now an imprint of Hachette.
History
Early history
The firm has its origins in the 1840s, with Matthew Hodder's employment, aged 14, with Messrs Jackson and Walford, the official publishe ...
, 1922)
''Masters and Men''(London:
Constable, 1923) essays
* ''The Secret of the Coup d'État: Unpublished Correspondence of Prince Louis Napoleon, MM. De Morny, De Flahault, and Others, 1848-1852'' (London: Constable, 1924) with the
Earl of Kerry
Baron Kerry is an ancient title in the Peerage of Ireland named after County Kerry. It was created circa 1223 for Thomas FitzMaurice, Lord OConnello.
In 1325, Maurice FitzMaurice, 4th Baron Kerry, murdered Diarmaid Óg MacCarthy (son of Corma ...
* ''A Gallery'' (London: Constable, 1924)
* ''Napoleon and Palestine'' (London:
G. Allen & Unwin, 1925) - Arthur Davis Memorial Lecture
* ''Essays of To-day and Yesterday'' (London:
G. G. Harrap, 1926)
* ''Palmerston'' (London:
Ernest Benn
Sir Ernest John Pickstone Benn, 2nd Baronet, (25 June 1875 – 17 January 1954) was a British publisher, writer and political publicist. His father, John Benn, was a politician, who had been made a baronet in 1914. He was an uncle of the Labou ...
, 1926)
* ''Independence Day: A Sketchbook'' (n.p.:
J. Murray, 1926); American edition as ''Fathers of the Revolution'' (New York:
G. P. Putnam's Sons
G. P. Putnam's Sons is an American book publisher based in New York City, New York. Since 1996, it has been an imprint of the Penguin Group.
History
The company began as Wiley & Putnam with the 1838 partnership between George Palmer Putnam and J ...
, 1926)
* ''Collected Essays of Philip Guedalla'', 4 vols (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1927) - vol. 1 ''Men of Letters'', vol. 2 ''Men of Affairs'', vol. 3 ''Men of War'', vol. 4 ''Still Life''
* ''Conquistador: American Fantasia'' (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1927)
* ''Gladstone and Palmerston: Being the Correspondence of Lord Palmerston With Mr. Gladstone 1851-1865'' (
ondon V. Gollancz Ltd, 1928)
''Bonnet and Shawl''(New York: C. Gauge; London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1928)
* ''Mary Arnold'' (1928) - reprinted from ''Bonnet and Shawl''
''The Missing Muse and Other Essays''(London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1928)
* ''Slings and Arrows: Sayings Chosen from the Speeches of the Rt. Hon. David Lloyd George'' (London:
Cassell and Company, 1929) editor
* ''The Duke'' (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1931; much reprinted; reissued 1997, ); American edition as ''Wellington'' (New York:
Harper
Harper may refer to:
Names
* Harper (name), a surname and given name
Places
;in Canada
* Harper Islands, Nunavut
*Harper, Prince Edward Island
;In the United States
*Harper, former name of Costa Mesa, California in Orange County
* Harper, Il ...
, 1931)
* ''If the Moors in Spain Had Won'' (n.p.d.,
931?, reprinted from ''
If It Had Happened Otherwise
''If It Had Happened Otherwise'' () is a 1931 collection of essays edited by J. C. Squire and published by Longmans, Green. Each essay in the collection could be considered alternate history or counterfactual history, a few written by leading his ...
'', edited by
J. C. Squire
Sir John Collings Squire (2 April 1884 – 20 December 1958) was a British writer, most notable as editor of the ''London Mercury'', a major literary magazine in the interwar period. He antagonised several eminent authors, but attracted a coterie ...
(London:
Longmans, Green
Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.
Since 1968, Longman has been used primarily as an imprint by Pearson's Schools business. The Longman brand is also ...
, 1931)
* ''Argentine Tango'' (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1932)
* ''The Queen and Mr. Gladstone'' (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1933; Garden City, New York:
Doubleday, Doran & Company Inc., 1934)
* ''The Hundred Days'' (
ondon Peter Davies, 1934)
* ''Letters of Napoleon to Marie Louise'' (1935) introduction, with
''Charles de la Roncière''
* ''The Hundred Years'' (
ondon Hodder and Stoughton, 1936)
''Idylls of the Queen''(London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1937)
* ''Ragtime and Tango'' (London : Hodder and Stoughton, 1938)
* ''Lecture on Modern Biography'' (Buenos Aires: Argentine Association of English Culture, 1939)
''The Hundredth Year''(London: Thornton Butterworth, 1939) - "a record of the year 1936"
* ''The Jewish Past'' (London:
Jewish Historical Society of England
The Jewish Historical Society of England (JHSE) was founded in 1893 by several Anglo-Jewish scholars, including Lucien Wolf, who became the society's first president. Early presidents of the JHSE included Hermann Adler, Michael Adler, Joseph Jacob ...
, 1939) - Presidential address delivered before the Jewish Historical Society of England
* ''The Other Americas'' (London:
Hutchinson, 1941) - talks given by P. Guedalla and
J. A. Camacho between April and July 1941, in the Home Service programme of the B.B.C.
* ''Mr Churchill'' (London:
Pan, 1941)
* ''The Liberators'' (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1942)
''The Two Marshals: Bazaine, Pétain''(London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1943)
* ''Middle East, 1940 to 1942: A Study in Air Power'' (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1944)
Guedalla also chaired the
Royal Institute of International Affairs
Royal may refer to:
People
* Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name
* A member of a royal family
Places United States
* Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community
* Royal, Illinois, a village
* Royal, Iowa, a ci ...
study group that prepared the report ''The Republics of South America'' (1937)
References
External links
Portraits of Philip Guedallain the
National Portrait Gallery (London).
*
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guedalla, Philip
1889 births
1944 deaths
20th-century English historians
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
British Zionists
Burials at Golders Green Jewish Cemetery
English biographers
English Jewish writers
English people of Spanish-Jewish descent
English Sephardi Jews
Jewish British politicians
Liberal Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Members of the Inner Temple
People educated at Rugby School
People from Maida Vale
Politics of Derbyshire
Politics of Manchester
Politics of the London Borough of Hackney
Presidents of the Oxford Union
Royal Air Force officers