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Phenolic lipids are a class of natural products composed of long
Phenolic lipids are a class of natural products composed of long aliphatic
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons ( compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (; G. ''aleiphar'', fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, like hexane, or ...
chains and phenol
Phenol (also called carbolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group () bonded to a hydroxy group (). Mildly acidic, it req ...
ic rings. Phenolic lipids occur in plants, fungi and bacteria.
Types
* Alkylcatechols *Alkylphenol
Alkylphenols are a family of organic compounds obtained by the alkylation of phenols. The term is usually reserved for commercially important propylphenol, butylphenol, amylphenol, heptylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol and related ...
s (nonylphenol, cardanol
Cardanol is a phenolic lipid obtained from anacardic acid, the main component of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), a byproduct of cashew nut processing. Cardanol finds use in the chemical industry in resins, coatings, frictional materials, and su ...
)
* Alkylresorcinol
Alkylresorcinols, also known as resorcinolic lipids, are phenolic lipids composed of long aliphatic chains and resorcinol-type phenolic rings.
Natural sources of alkylresorcinols
Alkylresorcinols are relatively rare in nature, with the main know ...
s
* Anacardic acid
Anacardic acids are phenolic lipids, chemical compounds found in the shell of the cashew nut (''Anacardium occidentale''). An acid form of urushiol, they also cause an allergic skin rash on contact, known as urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. An ...
s
Biological activity
Due to their strong amphiphilic character, the phenolic lipids can incorporate into erythrocytes and liposomal membranes. The ability of these compounds to inhibit bacterial, fungal, protozoan and parasite growth seems to depend on their interaction with proteins and/or on their membrane-disturbing properties.Biological role
The phenolic lipid synthesis bytype III polyketide synthase
Type may refer to:
Science and technology Computing
* Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc.
* Data type, collection of values used for computations.
* File type
* TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file.
* Ty ...
s is essential for cyst formation in ''Azotobacter vinelandii
''Azotobacter vinelandii'' is Gram-negative diazotroph that can fix nitrogen while grown aerobically. These bacteria are easily cultured and grown.
''A. vinelandii'' is a free-living N2 fixer known to produce many phytohormones and vitamins in ...
''.
See also
*Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of naturally-occurring molecules which includes fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others. The functions of lipids include ...
References
{{ReflistExternal links
* https://web.archive.org/web/20130327084649/http://www.cyberlipid.org/simple/simp0006.htm