Peter Hilton
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Peter John Hilton (7 April 1923Peter Hilton, "On all Sorts of Automorphisms", '' The American Mathematical Monthly'', 92(9), November 1985, p. 6506 November 2010) was a British mathematician, noted for his contributions to homotopy theory and for
code-breaking Cryptanalysis (from the Greek ''kryptós'', "hidden", and ''analýein'', "to analyze") refers to the process of analyzing information systems in order to understand hidden aspects of the systems. Cryptanalysis is used to breach cryptographic sec ...
during
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
.


Early life

He was born in
Brondesbury Brondesbury (), which includes Brondesbury Park, is an area in the London Borough of Brent, in London, England. The area is traditionally part of the Ancient Parish and subsequent Municipal Borough of Willesden, one of the areas that merged to fo ...
, London, the son Mortimer Jacob Hilton, a Jewish physician who was in general practice in Peckham, and his wife Elizabeth Amelia Freedman, and was brought up in Kilburn. The physiologist Sidney Montague Hilton (1921–2011) of the University of Birmingham Medical School was his elder brother. Hilton was educated at
St Paul's School, London (''By Faith and By Learning'') , established = , closed = , type = Independent school Public school , religion = Church of England , president = , h ...
."About the speaker"
announcement
of a lecture given by Peter Hilton at Bletchley Park on 12 July 2006. Retrieved 18 January 2007.
He went to
The Queen's College, Oxford The Queen's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, England. The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield in honour of Philippa of Hainault. It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture, ...
in 1940 to read mathematics, on an open scholarship, where the mathematics tutor was Ughtred Haslam-Jones.


Bletchley Park

A wartime undergraduate in wartime Oxford, on a shortened course, Hilton was obliged to train with the
Royal Artillery The Royal Regiment of Artillery, commonly referred to as the Royal Artillery (RA) and colloquially known as "The Gunners", is one of two regiments that make up the artillery arm of the British Army. The Royal Regiment of Artillery comprises t ...
, and faced scheduled conscription in summer 1942.Peter Hilton, "Living with Fish: Breaking Tunny in the Newmanry and the Testery", p. 190 from pp. 189–203 in Jack Copeland ed, ''Colossus: The Secrets of
Bletchley Park Bletchley Park is an English country house and estate in Bletchley, Milton Keynes ( Buckinghamshire) that became the principal centre of Allied code-breaking during the Second World War. The mansion was constructed during the years followin ...
's Codebreaking Computers'',
Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...
, 2006.
After four terms, he took the advice of his tutor, and followed up a civil service recruitment contact. He had an interview for mathematicians with knowledge of German, and was offered a position in the Foreign Office without being told the nature of the work. The team was, in fact, recruiting on behalf of the
Government Code and Cypher School Government Communications Headquarters, commonly known as GCHQ, is an intelligence and security organisation responsible for providing signals intelligence (SIGINT) and information assurance (IA) to the government and armed forces of the Uni ...
. Aged 18, he arrived at the
codebreaking Cryptanalysis (from the Greek ''kryptós'', "hidden", and ''analýein'', "to analyze") refers to the process of analyzing information systems in order to understand hidden aspects of the systems. Cryptanalysis is used to breach cryptographic sec ...
station
Bletchley Park Bletchley Park is an English country house and estate in Bletchley, Milton Keynes ( Buckinghamshire) that became the principal centre of Allied code-breaking during the Second World War. The mansion was constructed during the years followin ...
on 12 January 1942. Hilton worked with several of the Bletchley Park deciphering groups. He was initially assigned to Naval
Enigma Enigma may refer to: *Riddle, someone or something that is mysterious or puzzling Biology *ENIGMA, a class of gene in the LIM domain Computing and technology * Enigma (company), a New York-based data-technology startup * Enigma machine, a family ...
in
Hut 8 Hut 8 was a section in the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park (the British World War II codebreaking station, located in Buckinghamshire) tasked with solving German naval ( Kriegsmarine) Enigma messages. The section was ...
. Hilton commented on his experience working with
Alan Turing Alan Mathison Turing (; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical co ...
, whom he knew well for the last 12 years of his life, in his "Reminiscences of Bletchley Park" from ''A Century of Mathematics in America:'' Hilton echoed similar thoughts in the Nova
PBS The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is a publicly funded nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educat ...
documentary ''Decoding Nazi Secrets''. In late 1942, Hilton transferred to work on German
teleprinter A teleprinter (teletypewriter, teletype or TTY) is an electromechanical device that can be used to send and receive typed messages through various communications channels, in both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations. Init ...
ciphers. A special section known as the "
Testery The Testery was a section at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking station during World War II. It was set up in July 1942 as the "FISH Subsection" under Major Ralph Tester, hence its alternative name. Four founder members were Tester himself ...
" had been formed in July 1942 to work on one such cipher, codenamed " Tunny", and Hilton was one of the early members of the group.Jerry Roberts, "Major Tester's Section", p. 250 of pp. 249–259 in Jack Copeland ed, ''Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers'', Oxford University Press, 2006. His role was to devise ways to deal with changes in Tunny, and to liaise with another section working on Tunny, the " Newmanry", which complemented the hand-methods of the Testery with specialised codebreaking machinery. Hilton has been counted as a member of the Newmanry, possibly on a part-time basis.


Recreational

A convivial pub drinker at Bletchley Park, Hilton also spent time with Turing working on
chess problem A chess problem, also called a chess composition, is a puzzle set by the composer using chess pieces on a chess board, which presents the solver with a particular task. For instance, a position may be given with the instruction that White is to ...
s and
palindromes A palindrome is a word, number, phrase, or other sequence of symbols that reads the same backwards as forwards, such as the words ''madam'' or ''racecar'', the date and time ''11/11/11 11:11,'' and the sentence: "A man, a plan, a canal – Panam ...
. He there constructed a 51-letter palindrome:
"Doc note, I dissent. A fast never prevents a fatness. I diet on cod."
He did not use paper or pencil while composing it, but lay on his bed, eyes closed, and assembled it mentally over one night. It took him five hours.


Mathematics

Hilton obtained his
DPhil A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...
in 1949 from
Oxford University Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to th ...
under the supervision of John Henry Whitehead. His dissertation was "Calculation of the homotopy groups of A_n^2-polyhedra".David Joyner and David Kahn, editors, "Edited Transcript of Interview with Peter Hilton for ''Secrets of War''", in '' Cryptologia'' 30(3), July–September 2006, pp. 236–250. His principal research interests were in
algebraic topology Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify ...
, homological algebra, categorical algebra and mathematics education. He published 15 books and over 600 articles in these areas, some jointly with colleagues. Hilton's theorem (1955) is on the homotopy groups of a
wedge A wedge is a triangular shaped tool, and is a portable inclined plane, and one of the six simple machines. It can be used to separate two objects or portions of an object, lift up an object, or hold an object in place. It functions by converti ...
of
sphere A sphere () is a geometrical object that is a three-dimensional analogue to a two-dimensional circle. A sphere is the set of points that are all at the same distance from a given point in three-dimensional space.. That given point is th ...
s. It addresses an issue that comes up in the theory of "homotopy operations". Turing, at the
Victoria University of Manchester The Victoria University of Manchester, usually referred to as simply the University of Manchester, was a university in Manchester, England. It was founded in 1851 as Owens College. In 1880, the college joined the federal Victoria University. Afte ...
, in 1948 invited Hilton to see the
Manchester Mark 1 The Manchester Mark 1 was one of the earliest stored-program computers, developed at the Victoria University of Manchester, England from the Manchester Baby (operational in June 1948). Work began in August 1948, and the first version was oper ...
machine. Around 1950, Hilton took a position at the university maths department. He was there in 1949, when Turing engaged in a discussion that introduced him to the
word problem for groups In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as combinatorial group theory, the word problem for a finitely generated group ''G'' is the algorithmic problem of deciding whether two words in the generators represent the same el ...
. Hilton worked with Walter Lederman. Another colleague there was Hugh Dowker, who in 1951 drew his attention to the
Serre spectral sequence In mathematics, the Serre spectral sequence (sometimes Leray–Serre spectral sequence to acknowledge earlier work of Jean Leray in the Leray spectral sequence) is an important tool in algebraic topology. It expresses, in the language of homological ...
. In 1952 Hilton moved to
DPMMS The Faculty of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge comprises the Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics (DPMMS) and the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP). It is housed in the Centre for ...
in Cambridge, England, where he ran a topology seminar attended by
John Frank Adams John Frank Adams (5 November 1930 – 7 January 1989) was a British mathematician, one of the major contributors to homotopy theory. Life He was born in Woolwich, a suburb in south-east London, and attended Bedford School. He began research ...
,
Michael Atiyah Sir Michael Francis Atiyah (; 22 April 1929 – 11 January 2019) was a British-Lebanese mathematician specialising in geometry. His contributions include the Atiyah–Singer index theorem and co-founding topological K-theory. He was awarded the ...
,
David B. A. Epstein David Bernard Alper Epstein Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (born 1937) is a mathematician known for his work in hyperbolic geometry, 3-manifolds, and group theory, amongst other fields. He co-founded the University of Warwick mathematics depa ...
, Terry Wall and
Christopher Zeeman Sir Erik Christopher Zeeman FRS (4 February 1925 – 13 February 2016), was a British mathematician, known for his work in geometric topology and singularity theory. Overview Zeeman's main contributions to mathematics were in topology, partic ...
. Via Hilton, Atiyah became aware of
Jean-Pierre Serre Jean-Pierre Serre (; born 15 September 1926) is a French mathematician who has made contributions to algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, and algebraic number theory. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1954, the Wolf Prize in 2000 and the ina ...
's
coherent sheaf In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, coherent sheaves are a class of sheaves closely linked to the geometric properties of the underlying space. The definition of coherent sheaves is made with refe ...
proof of the
Riemann–Roch theorem The Riemann–Roch theorem is an important theorem in mathematics, specifically in complex analysis and algebraic geometry, for the computation of the dimension of the space of meromorphic functions with prescribed zeros and allowed poles. It rel ...
for curves, and found his first research direction in sheaf methods for
ruled surface In geometry, a surface is ruled (also called a scroll) if through every point of there is a straight line that lies on . Examples include the plane, the lateral surface of a cylinder or cone, a conical surface with elliptical directrix, the ...
s. In 1955 Hilton started work with
Beno Eckmann Beno Eckmann (31 March 1917 – 25 November 2008) was a Swiss mathematician who made contributions to algebraic topology, homological algebra, group theory, and differential geometry. Life Born in Bern, Eckmann received his master's degree fr ...
on what became known as Eckmann-Hilton duality for the
homotopy category In mathematics, the homotopy category is a category built from the category of topological spaces which in a sense identifies two spaces that have the same shape. The phrase is in fact used for two different (but related) categories, as discussed be ...
. Through Eckmann he became editor of the ''
Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete ''Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete''/''A Series of Modern Surveys in Mathematics'' is a series of scholarly monographs published by Springer Science+Business Media. The title literally means "Results in mathematics and related area ...
'', a position he held from 1964 to 1983. Hilton returned to Manchester as Professor, in 1956. In 1958, he became the Mason Professor of Pure Mathematics at the
University of Birmingham , mottoeng = Through efforts to heights , established = 1825 – Birmingham School of Medicine and Surgery1836 – Birmingham Royal School of Medicine and Surgery1843 – Queen's College1875 – Mason Science College1898 – Mason Univers ...
. He moved to the United States in 1962 to be Professor of Mathematics at
Cornell University Cornell University is a private statutory land-grant research university based in Ithaca, New York. It is a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, Cornell was founded with the intention to teach an ...
, a post he held until 1971. From 1971 to 1973, he held a joint appointment as Fellow of the Battelle Seattle Research Center and Professor of Mathematics at the University of Washington. On 1 September 1972, he was appointed Louis D. Beaumont University Professor at
Case Western Reserve University Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) is a private research university in Cleveland, Ohio. Case Western Reserve was established in 1967, when Western Reserve University, founded in 1826 and named for its location in the Connecticut Western Reser ...
; on 1 September 1973, he took up the appointment. In 1982, he was appointed Distinguished Professor of Mathematics at
Binghamton University The State University of New York at Binghamton (Binghamton University or SUNY Binghamton) is a public university, public research university with campuses in Binghamton, New York, Binghamton, Vestal, New York, Vestal, and Johnson City, New Yor ...
, becoming Emeritus in 2003. Latterly he spent each spring semester as Distinguished Professor of Mathematics at the
University of Central Florida The University of Central Florida (UCF) is a public research university whose main campus is in unincorporated Orange County, Florida. UCF also has nine smaller regional campuses throughout central Florida. It is part of the State University ...
. Hilton is featured in the book ''Mathematical People''.


Death and family

Peter Hilton died on 6 November 2010 in
Binghamton Binghamton () is a city in the U.S. state of New York, and serves as the county seat of Broome County. Surrounded by rolling hills, it lies in the state's Southern Tier region near the Pennsylvania border, in a bowl-shaped valley at the conflue ...
,
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
, at age 87. He left behind his wife, Margaret Mostyn (born 1925), whom he married in 1949, and their two sons, who were adopted. Margaret, a schoolteacher, had an acting career as Margaret Hilton in the US, in
summer stock theatre In American theater, summer-stock theater is a theater that presents stage productions only in the summer. The name combines the season with the tradition of staging shows by a resident company, reusing stock scenery and costumes. Summer stock the ...
. She also played television roles. She died in Seattle in 2020.


In popular culture

Hilton is portrayed by actor Matthew Beard in the 2014 film ''
The Imitation Game ''The Imitation Game'' is a 2014 American historical drama film directed by Morten Tyldum and written by Graham Moore, based on the 1983 biography '' Alan Turing: The Enigma'' by Andrew Hodges. The film's title quotes the name of the game cry ...
'', which tells the tale of
Alan Turing Alan Mathison Turing (; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical co ...
and the cracking of
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
's Enigma code.


Academic positions

* Lecturer at
University of Cambridge , mottoeng = Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts. Non literal: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge. , established = , other_name = The Chancellor, Masters and Schola ...
, 1952–55 * Senior Lecturer at
University of Manchester , mottoeng = Knowledge, Wisdom, Humanity , established = 2004 – University of Manchester Predecessor institutions: 1956 – UMIST (as university college; university 1994) 1904 – Victoria University of Manchester 1880 – Victoria Univer ...
, England, 1956–58 * Mason Professor of Pure Mathematics,
University of Birmingham , mottoeng = Through efforts to heights , established = 1825 – Birmingham School of Medicine and Surgery1836 – Birmingham Royal School of Medicine and Surgery1843 – Queen's College1875 – Mason Science College1898 – Mason Univers ...
, England, 1958–62 * Visiting Professor at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule at Zürich,
ETH Zurich (colloquially) , former_name = eidgenössische polytechnische Schule , image = ETHZ.JPG , image_size = , established = , type = Public , budget = CHF 1.896 billion (2021) , rector = Günther Dissertori , president = Joël Mesot , ac ...
, 1966–67, 1981–82, 1988–89 * Visiting Professor at the
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences The Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences (commonly known as Courant or CIMS) is the mathematics research school of New York University (NYU), and is among the most prestigious mathematics schools and mathematical sciences research cente ...
, New York University, 1967–68 * Visiting Professor at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,
Autonomous University of Barcelona The Autonomous University of Barcelona ( ca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; , es, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona; UAB), is a public university mostly located in Cerdanyola del Vallès, near the city of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain. ...
, 1989 * Professeur invité,
University of Lausanne The University of Lausanne (UNIL; french: links=no, Université de Lausanne) in Lausanne, Switzerland was founded in 1537 as a school of Protestant theology, before being made a university in 1890. The university is the second oldest in Switzer ...
, in 1996


Honours

* Silver Medal,
University of Helsinki The University of Helsinki ( fi, Helsingin yliopisto, sv, Helsingfors universitet, abbreviated UH) is a public research university located in Helsinki, Finland since 1829, but founded in the city of Turku (in Swedish ''Åbo'') in 1640 as the ...
, 1975 * Doctor of Humanities (hon. causa), N.
University of Michigan , mottoeng = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth" , former_names = Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania (1817–1821) , budget = $10.3 billion (2021) , endowment = $17 billion (2021)As o ...
, 1977 * Corresponding Member,
Brazilian Academy of Sciences The Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( pt, italic=yes, Academia Brasileira de Ciências or ''ABC'') is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916. Publications It publishes a lar ...
, 1979 * Doctor of Science (hon. causa),
Memorial University of Newfoundland Memorial University of Newfoundland, also known as Memorial University or MUN (), is a public university in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, based in St. John's, with satellite campuses in Corner Brook, elsewhere in Newfoundland and ...
, 1983 * Doctor of Science (hon. causa),
Autonomous University of Barcelona The Autonomous University of Barcelona ( ca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; , es, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona; UAB), is a public university mostly located in Cerdanyola del Vallès, near the city of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain. ...
, 1989 * In August 1983, an international conference on algebraic topology was held, under the auspices of the Canadian Mathematical Society, to mark Hilton's 60th Birthday. Professor Hilton was presented with a Festschrift of papers dedicated to him (
London Mathematical Society The London Mathematical Society (LMS) is one of the United Kingdom's learned societies for mathematics (the others being the Royal Statistical Society (RSS), the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA), the Edinburgh Mathematical S ...
Lecture Notes, Volume 86, 1983). The
American Mathematical Society The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, ...
has published the proceedings under the title ‘Conference on Algebraic Topology in Honor of Peter Hilton’ * Hilton was selected in October 1992, to deliver the invited lecture at the ‘Georges de Rham’ day at the
University of Lausanne The University of Lausanne (UNIL; french: links=no, Université de Lausanne) in Lausanne, Switzerland was founded in 1537 as a school of Protestant theology, before being made a university in 1890. The university is the second oldest in Switzer ...
. * An International Conference was held in Montreal in May 1993, to mark the 70th birthday of Hilton. The proceedings were published as The Hilton Symposium, CRM Proceedings and Lecture Notes, Volume 6, American Mathematical Society (1994), edited by Guido Mislin. * In 1994, Hilton was the Mahler Lecturer of the Australian Mathematical Society. * In the summers of 2001 and 2002, Hilton was Visiting Erskine Fellow at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. * In winter term of 2005 Hilton received an appointment as Courtesy Faculty in the College of Arts and Sciences at University of South Florida.


Hilton's former PhD students

According to the
Mathematics Genealogy Project The Mathematics Genealogy Project (MGP) is a web-based database for the academic genealogy of mathematicians.. By 31 December 2021, it contained information on 274,575 mathematical scientists who contributed to research-level mathematics. For a ty ...
site, Hilton supervised at least 27 doctoral students, including Paul Kainen at Cornell University.


Bibliography

* Peter J. Hilton, ''An introduction to homotopy theory'', Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, no. 43,
Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press A university press is an academic publishing hou ...
, 1953. * Peter J. Hilton,
Shaun Wylie Shaun Wylie (17 January 1913 – 2 October 2009Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press A university press is an academic publishing hou ...
, New York, 1960. * Peter Hilton, ''Homotopy theory and duality'', Gordon and Breach, New York-London-Paris, 1965 * H.B. Griffiths and P.J. Hilton, "A Comprehensive Textbook of Classical Mathematics", Van Nostrand Reinhold, London, 1970, * Peter J. Hilton, Guido Mislin, Joe Roitberg, ''Localization of nilpotent groups and spaces'', North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam-Oxford, 1975. * Peter Hilton,
Jean Pedersen Jean J. Pedersen (Sep 17, 1934–Jan 1, 2016) was an American mathematician and author particularly known for her works on the mathematics of paper folding. Education and career Pedersen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, the daughter of an ophtha ...
, ''Build your own polyhedra. Second edition'', Dale Seymour Publications, Palo Alto, 1994. * Peter Hilton, Derek Holton,
Jean Pedersen Jean J. Pedersen (Sep 17, 1934–Jan 1, 2016) was an American mathematician and author particularly known for her works on the mathematics of paper folding. Education and career Pedersen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, the daughter of an ophtha ...
, ''Mathematical reflections: In a room with many mirrors. Corrected edition'',
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics (UTM) (ISSN 0172-6056) is a series of undergraduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by Springer-Verlag. The books in this series, like the other Springer-Verlag mathematics series, are small yellow boo ...
,
Springer-Verlag Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in ...
, New York, 1996. * Peter J. Hilton, Urs Stammbach, ''A course in homological algebra. Second edition'',
Graduate Texts in Mathematics Graduate Texts in Mathematics (GTM) (ISSN 0072-5285) is a series of graduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by Springer-Verlag. The books in this series, like the other Springer-Verlag mathematics series, are yellow books of a standard s ...
, vol 4,
Springer-Verlag Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in ...
, New York, 1997. * Hans Walser, ''
99 Points of Intersection ''99 Points of Intersection: Examples—Pictures—Proofs'' is a book on constructions in Euclidean plane geometry in which three or more lines or curves meet in a single point of intersection. This book was originally written in German by Hans Wa ...
'', translated by Peter Hilton and
Jean Pedersen Jean J. Pedersen (Sep 17, 1934–Jan 1, 2016) was an American mathematician and author particularly known for her works on the mathematics of paper folding. Education and career Pedersen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, the daughter of an ophtha ...
, MAA Spectrum, Mathematical Association of America, 2006. * Peter Hilton, Derek Holton,
Jean Pedersen Jean J. Pedersen (Sep 17, 1934–Jan 1, 2016) was an American mathematician and author particularly known for her works on the mathematics of paper folding. Education and career Pedersen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, the daughter of an ophtha ...
, ''Mathematical vistas: From a room with many windows'',
Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics (UTM) (ISSN 0172-6056) is a series of undergraduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by Springer-Verlag. The books in this series, like the other Springer-Verlag mathematics series, are small yellow boo ...
,
Springer-Verlag Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in ...
, New York, 2010. * Peter Hilton,
Jean Pedersen Jean J. Pedersen (Sep 17, 1934–Jan 1, 2016) was an American mathematician and author particularly known for her works on the mathematics of paper folding. Education and career Pedersen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, the daughter of an ophtha ...
, ''A mathematical tapestry: Demonstrating the beautiful unity of mathematics'',
Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press A university press is an academic publishing hou ...
, Cambridge, 2010.


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Hilton, Peter 1923 births 2010 deaths 20th-century British mathematicians 21st-century British mathematicians Topologists People educated at St Paul's School, London Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford Bletchley Park people Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester Academics of the University of Birmingham State University of New York faculty Cornell University faculty Binghamton University faculty Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty