Petrus AureolusAlso known as: Petrus Aureoli, Peter Auriol, and Pierre Auriol; also Aureol, Aureole or Oriol. ( – 10 January 1322) was a

scholastic philosopher Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon the Aristotelian 10 Categories. Christian scholasticism emerged within the monastic schools that translat ...

and theologian. Little of his life before 1312 is known. After this time, he taught at the

Franciscan , image = FrancescoCoA PioM.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = A cross, Christ's arm and Saint Francis's arm, a universal symbol of the Franciscans , abbreviation = OFM , predecessor = , ...

convent in

Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different na ...

, then at the convent in

Toulouse Toulouse ( , ; oc, Tolosa ) is the prefecture of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the larger region of Occitania. The city is on the banks of the River Garonne, from the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic Ocean and fr ...

, around 1314. He went to Paris in 1316 in order to qualify for his doctorate, where he read the ''

Sentences ''The Four Books of Sentences'' (''Libri Quattuor Sententiarum'') is a book of theology written by Peter Lombard in the 12th century. It is a systematic compilation of theology, written around 1150; it derives its name from the '' sententiae'' ...

''. In 1318 he was appointed master of theology at the

University of Paris , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...

. In 1321, he was appointed by his mentor,

Pope John XXII Pope John XXII ( la, Ioannes PP. XXII; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death in December 1334. He was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope, elected b ...

, to the position of Archbishop of

Aix-en-Provence Aix-en-Provence (, , ; oc, label= Provençal, Ais de Provença in classical norm, or in Mistralian norm, ; la, Aquae Sextiae), or simply Aix ( medieval Occitan: ''Aics''), is a city and commune in southern France, about north of Marseille ...

, but died not long after in 1322.

Works and doctrine

Auriol's first work was on evangelical poverty, where he argued for a moderate position between those of the

spirituals Spirituals (also known as Negro spirituals, African American spirituals, Black spirituals, or spiritual music) is a genre of Christian music that is associated with Black Americans, which merged sub-Saharan African cultural heritage with the ex ...

and

conventuals The Order of Friars Minor Conventual (OFM Conv) is a male religious fraternity in the Roman Catholic Church that is a branch of the Franciscans. The friars in OFM CONV are also known as Conventual Franciscans, or Minorites. Dating back to ...

. He is best known for the enormous ''Scriptum super primum Sententiarum'', his commentary on the

Peter Lombard Peter Lombard (also Peter the Lombard, Pierre Lombard or Petrus Lombardus; 1096, Novara – 21/22 July 1160, Paris), was a scholastic theologian, Bishop of Paris, and author of '' Four Books of Sentences'' which became the standard textbook of ...

, which runs to more than 1100 folio pages and was eventually printed in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

in 1596. He also wrote ''Tractatus de principiis'', a non-theological work, while he was lector at the Franciscan convent in

some time before 1312, and some treatises on the

Immaculate Conception The Immaculate Conception is the belief that the Virgin Mary was free of original sin from the moment of her conception. It is one of the four Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church, meaning that it is held to be a divinely revealed truth w ...

at the Franciscan convent in

. Auriol was at first a

Scotist Scotism is the philosophical school and theological system named after John Duns Scotus, a 13th-century Scottish philosopher-theologian. The word comes from the name of its originator, whose ''Opus Oxoniense'' was one of the most important ...

. Later, he arrived at a position closer to that of the nominalist Durandus. He denied the reality of universals, the existence of species and of the active intellect, the distinction between essence and existence, and the distinction between the soul and its faculties. These doctrines are considered by some to have prepared the way for the

conceptualism In metaphysics, conceptualism is a theory that explains universality of particulars as conceptualized frameworks situated within the thinking mind. Intermediate between nominalism and realism, the conceptualist view approaches the metaphysical co ...

of Ockham. Ockham was certainly aware of Auriol's work. His ability earned for him the titles of ''Doctor Facundus'' and ''Doctor Abundans''.

Works

*''Quodlibeta'', Rome (1596-1605) *''Commentariorum in primum librum Sententiarum pars prima et secunda'', Rome 1596 *''Commentariorum in secundum, tertium et quartum Sententiarum et Quodlibeti tomus secundus'', Rome 1605 *''Scriptum super primum Sententiarum: Distinction I'', ed. E.M. Buytaert Franciscan Institute publications, Text series number 3, St. Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute 1952. *''Scriptum super primum Sententiarum: Distinctions II - VIII'', ed. E.M. Buytaert Franciscan Institute publications, Text series number 3, St. Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute 1956. *''De unitate conceptus entis'', ed. Stephen F. Brown, in ''Petrus Aureoli': De unitate conceptus entis (Reportatio Parisiensis in I Sententiarum'', dist. 2. p. 1, qq. 1-3 et p. 2 qq 1-2), ''Traditio'' 50, pp 199–248.

Notes

;Attribution * *

External links

The Peter Auriol Homepage
*

* ttp://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02111a.htm Petrus Aureoliat the

Catholic Encyclopedia The ''Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church'' (also referred to as the ''Old Catholic Encyclopedia'' and the ''Original Catholic Encyclopedia'') i ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aureolus, Petrus 1280 births 1322 deaths Medieval French theologians 14th-century French philosophers French Franciscans Scholastic philosophers Scotism University of Paris faculty French male writers