Pervomaiskyi

Pervomaiskyi ( uk, Первомайський), formerly known as Likhachevo or Lykhacheve; uk, Лихачеве until 1952, is a city in Lozova Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. It is the fourth largest city in the oblast. Pervomaiskyi hosts the administration of Pervomaiskyi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population:

The city is known for Khimprom, one of the biggest chemical factories in the former Soviet Union. The city has lush green plots and parks, a cultural center named "DK Khimik" and a stadium also named "Khimik".

History

In 1869 a railway was opened, Kursk-Kharkov-Sevastopol. In August of the same year a whistle stop was built 80 kilometres from Kharkov. Trains stopped for water and firewood and the station was named Likhachevo, in honour of a squire Likhachov, whose estate was near a village Sivash in a few kilometres from the railway. Water was supplied from lake Sivash and a water-tower was built.

After the Russian Civil War the (joint) Alekseevskogo, Berekskogo, Upper Bishkinskogo rural Soviets decided to relocate the peasants of these villages to the farm Likhachevo. So in 1924 a settlement was built in Likhachevo which originally was under the jurisdiction of the Upper Bishkinskyi village council. The founders of the village were migrants from the villages of Alexeevka, Bereka, Maslivka, and Upper-Bishkin. They built streets, such as 1 May Street. Agriculture and crafts schools were built, along with a primary school, which both children and adults attended.

In 1927 the village had 13 lots and 56 residents. In 1928, it was already 85 lots. The population increased as workers came to work at the brick and mechanical plant, as well as the mill. In September 1929, on the initiative of activists Tolokneeva and Fedoseenko, a gang was organized in the village. At the suggestion of porters, it was called "May 1" in honor of the international proletarian holiday. In early December 1929 Lihachevsky machine-tractor station was organized (one of the first in the Kharkiv district). Lihachevsky MTS first served 30 collective Alexeevski district.

A local newspaper ''Znamiya Truda'' is published here since October 1930.

According to the Soviet census of 1939, 640 people lived in Likhachevo.

On 20 October 1941 Axis troops occupied Likhachevo. 38 boys and girls were sent to work as slave laborers in Germany. 15 people from the village joined the partisans in Alexeevski district, whose leaders were Secretary of the Communist Party VS Ulyanov and executive committee chairman AG Buznyka.

Likhachevo repeatedly became the site of fierce fighting. During the war, it changed hands four times. On 16 September 1943 troops of the Steppe Front finally returned Likhachevo to Soviet control.

In 1946 a midwifery unit began to operate in the town. In 1948 a hospital was built, employing two doctors and three nurses.

In 1947 a kindergarten was built.

On 25 December 1948 Likhachevo became the center of the Council of Agriculture, who controlled the farm Pervomajskij, Our Way.

In 1950 a high school was built; its enrollment was 824 students and it employed 28 teachers.

On 24 June 1952 the settlement Likhachevo was renamed Pervomaiskyi.

In 1974 it was an urban-type settlement with several factories and 19400 people.Первомайский // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 19. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1975.

Until 18 July 2020, Pervomaiskyi was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Pervomaiskyi Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven, the city of Pervomaiskyi was merged into Lozova Raion.

In 2022 attempts were made twice to rename the city as part of the decommunization derussification campaigns in Ukraine. Local residents chose a new name for this city - Dobrodar. But local city deputies twice did not support the renaming at city council sessions. Now the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's national parliamnet) can decide on the new name of Pervomaiskyi.

Transport

Pervomaiskyi is situated on the Pivdenna Zalisnitsa railway line. The railway station here is called "Likhachove," or, in Russian, "Likhachevo". Pervomaiskyi is also a main road hub which links many other cities like Lozova, Merefa, Balakliia and Izium together with the Kharkiv Oblast.

Economy

Pervomaiskyi was planned as a colony for the workers and clerical staff of the Khimprom chemical factory. Until the fall of the USSR in 1992, the city's inhabitants had good earnings, but afterwards, the city's economy collapsed. Many became jobless. However in the late 1990s some private companies moved into Pervomaiskyi.

Education

Pervomaiskyi originally had just two schools till 1977. Now it has 5 secondary schools; one is Russian-medium, and the rest are Ukrainian-medium. Pervomaiskyi has 6-day-care centres (detski sad), which are all Ukrainian-medium. There is one college offering technical education after 9th Class in many fields like cooking, tractor building, driving, heavy wheel driving, and field fertilizing.

Geography and climate

As Pervomaiskyi lies just around 95 km south of Kharkiv: cold and snowy winters, and hot summers. The seasonal average temperatures are not too cold in winter, not too hot in summer: in January, and in July. The average rainfall totals per year, with the most in June and July.

Gallery

File: Ukr Kh Pervomaiskyi Ratusz 20.10.2018 (SU-HS).jpg,
File: Ukr Kh Pervomaiskyi Court 20.10.2018 (SU-HS).jpg,
File: Ukr Kh Pervomaiskyi Stele 20.10.2018 (SU-HS).jpg,
File: Ukr Kh Pervomaiskyi lyceum 20.10.2018 (SU-HS).jpg,
File: Ukr Kh Pervomaiskyi 20.10.2018 (SU-HS).jpg,

Media

Pervomaiskyi has two newspapers working within the region and city, and two private TV channels:

* ''Pervomaiskyi-Info'', a free newspaper publishing advertisements and announcements since 2006
* Nadiya (Nadia) TV, established in 1993

See also

* List of cities in Ukraine by subdivision

Notes

References

{{Kharkiv Oblast

Cities in Kharkiv Oblast
Soviet toponymy in Ukraine
Cities of regional significance in Ukraine