Perilla oil ( ''Deulgireum'') is an edible vegetable oil derived from
perilla
''Perilla'' is a genus consisting of one major Asiatic crop species ''Perilla frutescens'' and a few wild species in nature belonging to the mint family, Lamiaceae. The genus encompasses several distinct varieties of Asian herb, seed, and veget ...
seeds. Having a distinct nutty aroma and taste, the oil pressed from the toasted perilla seeds is used as a flavor enhancer, condiment, and cooking oil in
Korean cuisine.
The oil pressed from untoasted perilla seeds is used for non-culinary purposes.
Production
Perilla oil is obtained by pressing the seeds of perilla, which contains 38-45%
lipids.
Nutrition
Perilla oil is considered a rich source of
fatty acids, and contains both
saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids.
Saturated fatty acids in perilla oil are mainly
palmitic (5-7%) and
stearic (1-3%).
Monounsaturated
In nutrition, biology, and chemistry, fat usually means any ester of fatty acids, or a mixture of such compounds, most commonly those that occur in living beings or in food.
The term often refers specifically to triglycerides (triple est ...
fatty acids in perilla oil are
oleic (12-22%), while
polyunsaturated
In nutrition, biology, and chemistry, fat usually means any ester of fatty acids, or a mixture of such compounds, most commonly those that occur in living beings or in food.
The term often refers specifically to triglycerides (triple es ...
fatty acids in perilla oil are
linoleic (13-20%),
gamma-linolenic (0-1%),
alpha-linolenic (54-64%), and
arachidic (0-1%).
In comparison to other plant oils, perilla oil exhibits one of the highest proportion of
omega-3 fatty acid
Omega−3 fatty acids, also called Omega-3 oils, ω−3 fatty acids or ''n''−3 fatty acids, are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) characterized by the presence of a double bond, three atoms away from the terminal methyl group in their chem ...
s, which is between 54 and 64%.
The
omega-6 fatty acid
Omega-6 fatty acids (also referred to as ω-6 fatty acids or ''n''-6 fatty acids) are a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the ''n''-6 position, that is, the sixth bond, counting from ...
component is usually around 14%.
Use
Culinary
In
Korean cuisine, perilla oil and sesame oil are the two chief oils used in flavoring, sauces, and dips.
Usually made from toasted perilla seeds, the oil is used as a flavor enhancer, condiment, and cooking oil. Either sesame or perilla oil can be used for flavoring ''
namul
Namul ( ko, 나물) refers to either a variety of edible grass or leaves or seasoned herbal dishes made of them. Wild greens are called ''san-namul'' (, "mountain namul"), and spring vegetables are called ''bom-namul'' (, "spring namul"). On t ...
'' (vegetable side dishes) and other sides, pan-frying ''
jeon'' (pan-fried dishes), coating ''
gim'' (laver) before roasting it, and forming the flavor base for
dipping sauce. Specifically, perilla oil is more common in the
southern part of Korea as perilla is cultivated more easily in the warmer areas.
Nowadays, perilla oil is used in
Korean-style western food as well. A
Michelin-starred restaurant in Seoul serves nutty
vanilla ice cream which has perilla oil as its "secret ingredient."
Industrial
Perilla oil made from untoasted seeds can be used for non-culinary purposes, including in paint, varnish, printing ink and linoleum.
As a
drying oil
A drying oil is an oil that hardens to a tough, solid film after a period of exposure to air, at room temperature. The oil hardens through a chemical reaction in which the components crosslink (and hence, polymerize) by the action of oxygen (no ...
similar to
tung oil
Tung oil or China wood oil is a drying oil obtained by pressing the seed from the nut of the tung tree (''Vernicia fordii''). The oil and its use are believed to have originated in ancient China and appear in the writings of Confucius from ab ...
or
linseed oil, perilla oil has been used for
paints
Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable, or solid mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture. Paint can be made in many ...
,
varnishes,
linoleum
Linoleum, sometimes shortened to lino, is a floor covering made from materials such as solidified linseed oil (linoxyn), pine resin, ground cork dust, sawdust, and mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate, most commonly on a burlap or canva ...
,
printing ink
Ink is a gel, sol, or solution that contains at least one colorant, such as a dye or pigment, and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing or writing with a pen, brush, reed pen, or quill. Thicker ...
,
lacquers
Lacquer is a type of hard and usually shiny coating or finish applied to materials such as wood or metal. It is most often made from resin extracted from trees and waxes and has been in use since antiquity.
Asian lacquerware, which may be ca ...
, and for protective
waterproof coatings on cloth. Perilla oil can also be used for fuel. It is used along with synthetic resins in the production of varnishes. It dries faster than
linseed oil and on drying forms a film that is harder and yellows more than that formed by linseed oil. The paint and varnish industry accounts for the largest usage. Perilla oil is also important in the manufacture of printing inks and linoleum, and in more ancient times was a critical component in creating durable
earthen floors.
In Japan, perilla oil was important for fueling oil lamps until early 16th century, before it was overtaken by
rapeseed
Rapeseed (''Brassica napus ''subsp.'' napus''), also known as rape, or oilseed rape, is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed, which naturally contains a ...
oil.
The oilseed contains
drying oil
A drying oil is an oil that hardens to a tough, solid film after a period of exposure to air, at room temperature. The oil hardens through a chemical reaction in which the components crosslink (and hence, polymerize) by the action of oxygen (no ...
elements and was imported in bulk as a substitute for linseed oil into the United States from Japan, until the supply was interrupted by war.
In Korea, perilla oil pressed from the untoasted seeds were used to fuel lamps and to oil floor papers.
Use of press cake
The
press cake remaining after pressing perilla oil can be used as natural
fertilizer
A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers may be distinct from ...
or
animal feed.
References
{{portal bar, Food
Cooking oils
Condiments
Vegetable oils
Korean condiments