Pennsylvania Impressionism

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Pennsylvania Impressionism was an American Impressionist movement of the first half of the 20th century that was centered in and around

Bucks County Bucks County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 646,538, making it the fourth-most populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Doylestown. The county is named after the English ...

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

, particularly the town of New Hope. The movement is sometimes referred to as the "New Hope School" or the "Pennsylvania School" of landscape painting.

Beginnings

Landscape painter

William Langson Lathrop William Langson Lathrop (pronounced "LAY-throp") (March 29, 1859 – September 21, 1938) was an American Impressionist landscape painter and founder of the art colony at New Hope, Pennsylvania. He is sometimes referred to as a "Pennsylvania I ...

(1859-1938) moved to New Hope in 1898, where he founded a summer art school. The mill town was located along the

Delaware River The Delaware River is a major river in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. From the meeting of its branches in Hancock (village), New York, Hancock, New York, the river flows for along the borders of N ...

, about forty miles from Philadelphia and seventy miles from Manhattan. The area's rolling hills were spectacular, and the river, its tributaries, and the

Delaware Canal The Delaware Division of the Pennsylvania Canal, more commonly called the Delaware Canal, runs for parallel to the right bank of the Delaware River from the entry locks near the mouth of the Lehigh River and terminal end of the Lehigh Canal at E ...

were picturesque. The natural beauty attracted the artist Edward Redfield (1869-1965), who settled north of the town. Redfield painted nature in bold and vibrant colors, and was “the pioneer of the realistic painting of winter in America.” His thick layering distinguished him from his contemporaries, and he amassed more honors and awards than any other artist in the New Hope Colony. His style is distinguished by its color, light, and usual time of day when painting. The third major artist to settle in the area was

Daniel Garber Daniel Garber (April 11, 1880 – July 5, 1958) was an American Impressionist landscape painter and member of the art colony at New Hope, Pennsylvania. He is best known today for his large impressionist scenes of the New Hope area, in which he o ...

(1880-1958), who came to New Hope in 1907. Garber hated painting winter scenes and applied his paint lightly. An instructor at the

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.impressionist Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...

movement, this style of art is characterized by an interest in the quality of color, light, and the time of day. This group of artists usually painted in plein air, or out of doors, to capture the moment. According to James A. Michener Art Museum’s Senior Curator Brian Peterson, “what most characterized Pennsylvania impressionism was not a single, unified style but rather the emergence of many mature, distinctive voices: Daniel Garber's luminous, poetic renditions of the Delaware River; Fern Coppedge's colorful village scenes; Robert Spencer's lyrical views of mills and tenements; John Folinsbee's moody, expressionistic snowscapes; and William L. Lathrop's deeply felt, evocative Bucks County vistas." Art historian Thomas C. Folk defines the movement as the ''Late Pennsylvania School'', those artists that "came to prominence in Bucks County after 1915 or after the

Armory Show The 1913 Armory Show, also known as the International Exhibition of Modern Art, was a show organized by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors in 1913. It was the first large exhibition of modern art in America, as well as one of ...

and the Panama-Pacific International Exposition." According to Folk, the three most notable artists in this group were John Fulton Folinsbee,

Walter Emerson Baum Walter Emerson Baum (December 14, 1884 – July 12, 1956) was an American artist and educator active in the Bucks and Lehigh County areas of Pennsylvania in the United States. In addition to being a prolific painter, Baum was also responsible fo ...

and George Sotter. One of the artists, Walter Emerson Baum, worked as a teacher and educator and through his founding of the

Baum School of Art The Baum School of Art is a non-profit community art school located in Allentown, Pennsylvania. In 2016–2017, the school had a total enrollment of 3,346 students, 1,921 of which were children and teens, and 1,425 of which were adults. 178 clas ...

and the

Allentown Art Museum The Allentown Art Museum of the Lehigh Valley is an art museum located in Allentown, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1934 by a group organized by noted Pennsylvania impressionist painter, Walter Emerson Baum. With its collection of over 19,000 wo ...

, would serve to expand the influence of the movement out of Bucks County and into Lehigh County, specifically

Allentown Allentown may refer to several places in the United States and topics related to them: *Allentown, California, now called Toadtown, California *Allentown, Georgia, a town in Wilkinson County *Allentown, Illinois, an unincorporated community in Taze ...

and the

Lehigh Valley The Lehigh Valley (), known colloquially as The Valley, is a geographic region formed by the Lehigh River in Lehigh County and Northampton County in eastern Pennsylvania. It is a component valley of the Great Appalachian Valley bound to the no ...

, where the movement continued to flourish into the 1940s and 1950s. Today, this group of artists is collectively known as the

Baum Circle The Baum Circle refers to the group of artists either taught by, associated with, or directly influenced by Pennsylvania impressionist painter Walter Emerson Baum. Most of these individuals lived, worked and painted in the Lehigh Valley region o ...

List of Pennsylvania Impressionist painters

Eleanor Abrams Eleanor Abrams (1885 - 1967), was an American painter. She was an original member of the Philadelphia Ten. Biography Abrams was born in 1885 in Butler County, Pennsylvania. She worked as an occupational therapist, known as Reconstruction Aides, ...

Faye Swengel Badura __NOTOC__ Faye may refer to: Places * Faye, Loir-et-Cher, France, a village * Faye-d'Anjou, France, a village * La Faye, France, a village * Faye, Kentucky, Elliott County, Kentucky, United States * Faye (crater), a lunar impact crater in the sout ...

* Henry Baker *

Theresa Bernstein Theresa Ferber Bernstein-Meyerowitz (March 1, 1890 – February 13, 2002) was an American artist and writer born in Kraków, in what is now Poland, and raised in Philadelphia. She received her art training in Philadelphia and New York City. Over ...

Rae Sloan Bredin Rae Sloan Bredin (9 September 1880 – 16 July 1933) was an American painter. He was a member of the New Hope, Pennsylvania school of impressionists. He is known for his peaceful spring and summer landscapes with relaxed groups of women and chil ...

Constance Cochrane Constance Cochrane (1888-1962), was an American painter. She was an original member of the Philadelphia Ten. Biography Cochrane was born in 1888 at the United States Navy Yard in Pensacola, Florida. She attended the Philadelphia School of Desig ...

* Morgan Colt * Fern Coppedge * Nate Dunn *Charles Evans * Nancy Maybin Ferguson * John Fulton Folinsbee *

* Frederick Harer *

L. Birge Harrison Lovell Birge Harrison (October 28, 1854, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 1929) was an American genre and landscape painter, teacher, and writer. He was a prominent practitioner and advocate of Tonalism. Life Born in Philadelphia, Birge Harrison w ...

John Wells James John Wells James Jr. (1873–1951) was an American artist who created impressionist landscape paintings. James was associated with the Salmagundi Club in Greenwich Village and the "New Hope School of Impressionism" in Bucks County, Pennsylv ...

Peter Keenan Peter Patrick Pius Paul "Crackers" Keenan (born 7 April 1951) is a former Australian rules footballer who worked as a strapper for Bart Cummings, and played with Melbourne Football Club, Melbourne, Essendon Football Club, Essendon and North Me ...

Harry Leith-Ross Harry "Tony" Leith-Ross (27 January 1886 – 15 March 1973) was a British-American landscape painter and teacher. He taught at the art colonies in Woodstock, New York and Rockport, Maine, and later was part of the art colony in New Hope, Pennsy ...

* Carl Lindborg *

Emma Fordyce MacRae Emma Fordyce MacRae (April 27, 1887, Vienna – August 6, 1974) was an American representational painter. She was a member of the Philadelphia Ten, a group of women artists who worked and exhibited together. Her work — including still lif ...

* Robert A.D. "Rad" Miller * Roy Cleveland Nuse * Mary Elizabeth Price * Herbert Pullinger * Edward Redfield * Charles Rosen (painter) *

Walter Elmer Schofield Walter Elmer Schofield (September 10, 1866 – March 1, 1944) was an American Impressionist landscape and marine painter. Although he never lived in New Hope or Bucks County, Schofield is regarded as one of the Pennsylvania Impressionists ...

Henry B. Snell Henry Bayley Snell (September 29, 1858 – January 17, 1943) was an American Impressionist painter and educator. Snell's paintings are in museum collections including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, the Albright–Knox Art Galle ...

* George Sotter *

Robert Spencer (artist) Robert Carpenter Spencer (1 December 1879 – 11 July 1931) was an American painter who received extensive recognition in his day. He was one of the Pennsylvania impressionists, but is better known for his paintings of the mills and working peop ...

*Louis Stone *Richard Wedderspoon * Charles M. West Jr. * Anne Warner West * Mary Perkins Taylor

References

* * * {{Impressionism, state=expanded American Impressionism Art in Pennsylvania

Beginnings

List of Pennsylvania Impressionist painters

See also

References